Smallpox Vaccination

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 922-923
Author(s):  
Edward B. Shaw

The zero incidence of smallpox in the United States for so many years, and the significant morbidity and mortality from vaccination, has led to the acceptable and desirable recommendation that routine immunization against smallpox be discontinued. However appropriate this step may seem, it will pose a number of new problems which will involve the pediatrician especially. (1) For many years, smallpox vaccination has been an almost sacred tenet, an immunologic gospel to the population, and has been credited with the conquest of this disease in this country—even though herd immunity could hardly be said to have existed here. Public reeducation is a hazardous matter.

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (06) ◽  
pp. 652-660
Author(s):  
Assia Meziane-Tani ◽  
Brandon Foreman ◽  
Moshe A. Mizrahi

AbstractStatus epilepticus is one of the most common neurological emergencies and is likely to have increasing prevalence in coming years given an aging “baby boomer” population in the United States. Because status epilepticus is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, identification and treatment are paramount. Care should be taken to exclude nonorganic mimics and infectious and metabolic causes. Status epilepticus can be classified into stages with associated recommendations for escalation in therapy, increasing from push-dose benzodiazepines to continuous anesthetic infusions and other nontraditional therapies. Concurrent electroencephalogram monitoring helps to identify, localize, and assess resolution of ictal patterns alongside antiseizure drug administration. A protocol is proposed for the management of status epilepticus in a step-wise fashion.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 232470962093467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venu Madhav Konala ◽  
Sreedhar Adapa ◽  
Srikanth Naramala ◽  
Avantika Chenna ◽  
Shristi Lamichhane ◽  
...  

Coronavirus disease 2019, also called COVID-19, is a global pandemic resulting in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the United States, influenza infection occurs mainly during winter and several factors influence the burden of the disease, including circulating virus characteristics, vaccine effectiveness that season, and the duration of the season. We present a case series of 3 patients with coinfection of COVID-19 and influenza, with 2 of them treated successfully and discharged home. We reviewed the literature of patients coinfected with both viruses and discussed the characteristics, as well as treatment options.


2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katy B. Kozhimannil ◽  
Julia D. Interrante ◽  
Alena N. Tofte ◽  
Lindsay K. Admon

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1304-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Weber ◽  
David van Duin ◽  
Lauren M. DiBiase ◽  
Charles Scott Hultman ◽  
Samuel W. Jones ◽  
...  

Burn injuries are a common source of morbidity and mortality in the United States, with an estimated 450,000 burn injuries requiring medical treatment, 40,000 requiring hospitalization, and 3,400 deaths from burns annually in the United States. Patients with severe burns are at high risk for local and systemic infections. Furthermore, burn patients are immunosuppressed, as thermal injury results in less phagocytic activity and lymphokine production by macrophages. In recent years, multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens have become major contributors to morbidity and mortality in burn patients.Since only limited data are available on the incidence of both device- and nondevice-associated healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in burn patients, we undertook this retrospective cohort analysis of patients admitted to our burn intensive care unit (ICU) from 2008 to 2012.


Diagnosis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pat Croskerry

Abstract Medical error is now recognized as one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Of the medical errors, diagnostic failure appears to be the dominant contributor, failing in a significant number of cases, and associated with a high degree of morbidity and mortality. One of the significant contributors to diagnostic failure is the cognitive performance of the provider, how they think and decide about the process of diagnosis. This thinking deficit in clinical reasoning, referred to as a mindware gap, deserves the attention of medical educators. A variety of specific approaches are outlined here that have the potential to close the gap.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A Davis ◽  
Lucy Ruangvoravat

Cholelithiasis is extremely common in the United States, affecting approximately 10 to 15% of the population. The vast majority of patients remain asymptomatic. Elective cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis is a well-established procedure with excellent outcomes. The diagnosis in critically ill patients may not be straightforward. Inflammation and infection of the gallbladder can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Whether the gallbladder is the primary etiology of hemodynamic compromise (as in emphysematous or gangrenous cholecystitis) or is the victim of secondary insult (as in ischemia-related acalculous cholecystitis), the intensivist must consider cholecystitis in the differential of clinical deterioration. This review contains 6 figures, 5 tables, and 59 references. Key words: acalculous, biliary disease, cholangitis, cholecystitis, emphysematous cholecystitis


2018 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Katayoun Samadi ◽  
Ronald Arellano

AbstractAcute pancreatitis is one of the major gastrointestinal conditions that lead to around 300,000 hospital admissions per year in the United States. While mild inflammation of the pancreas is often managed conservatively, progression of the disease process to necrosis significantly increases the overall morbidity and mortality and often requires surgical or other interventional techniques for management. The purpose of this review is to describe the role of percutaneous drainage for the management of complicated pancreatitis.


PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaja M. Abbas ◽  
Gloria J. Kang ◽  
Daniel Chen ◽  
Stephen R. Werre ◽  
Achla Marathe

Objective The study objective is to analyze influenza vaccination status by demographic factors, perceived vaccine efficacy, social influence, herd immunity, vaccine cost, health insurance status, and barriers to influenza vaccination among adults 18 years and older in the United States. Background Influenza vaccination coverage among adults 18 years and older was 41% during 2010–2011 and has increased and plateaued at 43% during 2016–2017. This is below the target of 70% influenza vaccination coverage among adults, which is an objective of the Healthy People 2020 initiative. Methods We conducted a survey of a nationally representative sample of adults 18 years and older in the United States on factors affecting influenza vaccination. We conducted bivariate analysis using Rao-Scott chi-square test and multivariate analysis using weighted multinomial logistic regression of this survey data to determine the effect of demographics, perceived vaccine efficacy, social influence, herd immunity, vaccine cost, health insurance, and barriers associated with influenza vaccination uptake among adults in the United States. Results Influenza vaccination rates are relatively high among adults in older age groups (73.3% among 75 + year old), adults with education levels of bachelor’s degree or higher (45.1%), non-Hispanic Whites (41.8%), adults with higher incomes (52.8% among adults with income of over $150,000), partnered adults (43.2%), non-working adults (46.2%), and adults with internet access (39.9%). Influenza vaccine is taken every year by 76% of adults who perceive that the vaccine is very effective, 64.2% of adults who are socially influenced by others, and 41.8% of adults with health insurance, while 72.3% of adults without health insurance never get vaccinated. Facilitators for adults getting vaccinated every year in comparison to only some years include older age, perception of high vaccine effectiveness, higher income and no out-of-pocket payments. Barriers for adults never getting vaccinated in comparison to only some years include lack of health insurance, disliking of shots, perception of low vaccine effectiveness, low perception of risk for influenza infection, and perception of risky side effects. Conclusion Influenza vaccination rates among adults in the United States can be improved towards the Healthy People 2020 target of 70% by increasing awareness of the safety, efficacy and need for influenza vaccination, leveraging the practices and principles of commercial and social marketing to improve vaccine trust, confidence and acceptance, and lowering out-of-pocket expenses and covering influenza vaccination costs through health insurance.


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