Tobacco-Free Environment: An Imperative for the Health of Children and Adolescents

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 866-868
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Youth At Risk ◽  
Free Environment

1. Tobacco is a major health hazard to children and adolescents. 2. Maternal use of tobacco has significant adverse effects on pregnancy and fetal outcome. 3. Exposure to ETS has major effects on the health and psychosocial well-being of children. 4. Tobacco use by children is associated with chronic and recurrent medical problems as well as with increased risk for significant morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, tobacco use may be a marker for youth at risk for other behavioral problems. 5. Nicotine is an addicting substance and may serve as a gateway drug for the subsequent use of illicit substances. 6. Tobacco advertising is appealing to young people and may have a powerful effect in influencing them to begin tobacco experimentation. 7. A tobacco-free environment is an imperative for the health of children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Adolescents’ perceptions of family social status correlate with health and life chances: A twin difference longitudinal cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (38) ◽  
pp. 23323-23328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Rivenbark ◽  
Louise Arseneault ◽  
Avshalom Caspi ◽  
Andrea Danese ◽  
Helen L. Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Twin Study

Children from lower-income households are at increased risk for poor health, educational failure, and behavioral problems. This social gradient is one of the most reproduced findings in health and social science. How people view their position in social hierarchies also signals poor health. However, when adolescents’ views of their social position begin to independently relate to well-being is currently unknown. A cotwin design was leveraged to test whether adolescents with identical family backgrounds, but who viewed their family’s social status as higher than their same-aged and sex sibling, experienced better well-being in early and late adolescence. Participants were members of the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, a representative cohort of British twins (n= 2,232) followed across the first 2 decades of life. By late adolescence, perceptions of subjective family social status (SFSS) robustly correlated with multiple indicators of health and well-being, including depression; anxiety; conduct problems; marijuana use; optimism; not in education, employment, or training (NEET) status; and crime. Findings held controlling for objective socioeconomic status both statistically and by cotwin design after accounting for measures of childhood intelligence (IQ), negative affect, and prior mental health risk and when self-report, informant report, and administrative data were used. Little support was found for the biological embedding of adolescents’ perceptions of familial social status as indexed by inflammatory biomarkers or cognitive tests in late adolescence or for SFSS in early adolescence as a robust correlate of well-being or predictor of future problems. Future experimental studies are required to test whether altering adolescents’ subjective social status will lead to improved well-being and social mobility.

scholarly journals Immediate psychological effects of the COVID-19 quarantine in youth from Italy and Spain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireia Orgilés ◽  
Alexandra Morales ◽  
Elisa Delvecchio ◽  
Claudia Mazzeschi ◽  
José Pedro Espada
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
First Time

Background: The COVID-19 quarantine has affected more than 860 million children and adolescents worldwide but, to date, no study has been developed to examine the psychological impact on their lives. The present study aims to examine for the first time the emotional impact of the quarantine on children and adolescents from Italy and Spain, two of the most affected countries by COVID-19.Methods: 1,143 parents of Italian and Spanish children aged 3 to 18 years completed a survey providing information about how the quarantine affects their children and themselves, compared to before the home confinement. Findings: 85.7% of the parents perceived changes in their children´s emotional state and behaviors during the quarantine. The most frequent symptoms were difficulty concentrating (76.6%), boredom (52%), irritability (39%), restlessness (38.8%), nervousness (38%), feelings of loneliness (31.3%), uneasiness (30.4%), and worries (30.1%), and Spanish parents reported more symptoms than Italians. As expected, children of both countries used monitors more frequently, spent less time doing physical activity, and slept more hours during the quarantine. Furthermore, when family coexistence during quarantine became more difficult, the situation was more serious, and the level of stress was higher, parents tended to report more emotional problems in their children.Interpretation: The quarantine impacts considerably on Italian and Spanish youth, reinforcing the need to detect children with emotional and behavioral problems as early as possible to improve their psychological well-being.

scholarly journals Mental Health of Children and Adolescents Amidst COVID-19 and Past Pandemics: A Rapid Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3432
Author(s):  
Salima Meherali ◽  
Neelam Punjani ◽  
Samantha Louie-Poon ◽  
Komal Abdul Rahim ◽  
Jai K. Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Psychosocial Services ◽  
The Impact

Background: The COVID‑19 pandemic and associated public health measures have disrupted the lives of people around the world. It is already evident that the direct and indirect psychological and social effects of the COVID‑19 pandemic are insidious and affect the mental health of young children and adolescents now and will in the future. The aim and objectives of this knowledge-synthesis study were to identify the impact of the pandemic on children’s and adolescent’s mental health and to evaluate the effectiveness of different interventions employed during previous and the current pandemic to promote children’s and adolescents’ mental health. Methodology: We conducted the systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and included experimental randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials, observational studies, and qualitative studies. Results: Of the 5828 articles that we retrieved, 18 articles met the inclusion criteria. We thematically analyzed them and put the major findings under the thematic areas of impact of the pandemic on children’s and adolescents’ mental health. These studies reported that pandemics cause stress, worry, helplessness, and social and risky behavioral problems among children and adolescents (e.g., substance abuse, suicide, relationship problems, academic issues, and absenteeism from work). Interventions such as art-based programs, support services, and clinician-led mental health and psychosocial services effectively decrease mental health issues among children and adolescents. Conclusion: Children and adolescents are more likely to experience high rates of depression and anxiety during and after a pandemic. It is critical that future researchers explore effective mental health strategies that are tailored to the needs of children and adolescents. Explorations of effective channels regarding the development and delivery of evidenced-based, age-appropriate services are vital to lessen the effects and improve long-term capacities for mental health services for children and adolescents. Key Practitioner Message: The COVID-19 pandemic’s physical restrictions and social distancing measures have affected each and every domain of life. Although the number of children and adolescents affected by the disease is small, the disease and the containment measures such as social distancing, school closure, and isolation have negatively impacted the mental health and well-being of children and adolescents. The impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of children and adolescents is of great concern. Anxiety, depression, disturbances in sleep and appetite, as well as impairment in social interactions are the most common presentations. It has been indicated that compared to adults, this pandemic may continue to have increased long term adverse consequences on children’s and adolescents’ mental health. As the pandemic continues, it is important to monitor the impact on children’s and adolescents’ mental health status and how to help them to improve their mental health outcomes in the time of the current or future pandemics.

scholarly journals Immediate psychological effects of the COVID-19 quarantine in youth from Italy and Spain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireia Orgilés ◽  
Alexandra Morales ◽  
Elisa Delvecchio ◽  
Claudia Mazzeschi ◽  
José Pedro Espada
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
First Time

The present study aims to examine for the first time the emotional impact of the quarantine on children and adolescents from Italy and Spain, two of the most affected countries by COVID-19. 1,143 parents of Italian and Spanish children aged 3 to 18 years completed a survey providing information about how the quarantine affects their children and themselves, compared to before the home confinement. 85.7% of the parents perceived changes in their children´s emotional state and behaviors during the quarantine. The most frequent symptoms were difficulty concentrating (76.6%), boredom (52%), irritability (39%), restlessness (38.8%), nervousness (38%), feelings of loneliness (31.3%), uneasiness (30.4%), and worries (30.1%), and Spanish parents reported more symptoms than Italians. As expected, children of both countries used monitors more frequently, spent less time doing physical activity, and slept more hours during the quarantine. Furthermore, when family coexistence during quarantine became more difficult, the situation was more serious, and the level of stress was higher, parents tended to report more emotional problems in their children.The quarantine impacts considerably on Italian and Spanish youth, reinforcing the need to detect children with emotional and behavioral problems as early as possible to improve their psychological well-being.

Frequent peer problems in Australian children and adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee Denham ◽  
Tara Renae McGee ◽  
Li Eriksson ◽  
John McGrath ◽  
Rosana Norman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Parental Report ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Peer Problems ◽  
Increased Risk

Purpose – Whilst overt bullying has received considerable attention for its negative impact on the emotional well-being of children and adolescents, peer problems such as excessive teasing and social exclusion have received less consideration. The purpose of this paper is to examine the prevalence, demographic, and clinical correlates of frequent peer problems in children and adolescents who participated in the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being. Design/methodology/approach – Participants were a nationally representative sample of 2,107 children (aged 6-12 years), and 1,490 adolescents (aged 13-17 years). Frequent peer problems (excessive teasing or social exclusion) were measured by parental report for children, and self and parental report for adolescents. Associations with a number of mental health problems were examined, including being in the clinical range for internalising and externalising symptoms, having major depressive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or conduct disorder, low self-esteem, experiencing suicidal ideation and behaviour, or using marijuana and alcohol. Findings – One in 30 children and one in 20 adolescents experienced frequent peer problems. Parents less commonly identified frequent peer problems than were self-reported by their adolescent children. Frequent peer problems were strongly associated with all mental health problems except alcohol and marijuana use. Originality/value – Frequent peer problems are associated with a greatly increased risk of mental health problems. Identifying those children and adolescents with frequent peer problems provides opportunity for assessment and intervention of emotional and behavioural problems.

scholarly journals A missing voice: the human rights of children to a tobacco-free environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigit Toebes ◽  
Marie Elske Gispen ◽  
Jasper V Been ◽  
Aziz Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Child Rights ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
Health And Well Being

In this commentary, we flag the importance of taking a child-rights approach in the context of tobacco control, which is thus far unprecedented. This text was written in response to the Seventh Conference of States Parties of WHOs Framework Convention on Tobacco Control held in India from 7 to 12 November 2016.While the links between tobacco control and human rights were emphasised at this conference, a child-rights approach was missing. We argue that this novel angle provides important legal tools to protect the health and well-being of children. Because children are seen as ‘replacement smokers’ by the tobacco industry, protecting children in this context is key to haltering the devastating effects of tobacco use and exposure worldwide.

scholarly journals Suicidal Risk and Adverse Social Outcomes in Adulthood Associated with Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 070674372110554
Author(s):  
Mariette J. Chartier ◽  
James M. Bolton ◽  
Okechukwu Ekuma ◽  
Natalie Mota ◽  
Jennifer M. Hensel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective: The life course of children and adolescents with mental disorders is an important area of investigation, yet it remains understudied. This study provides a first-ever comprehensive examination of the relationship between child and adolescent mental disorders and subsequent suicidal and adverse social outcomes in early adulthood using population-based data. Methods: De-identified administrative databases were used to create a birth cohort of 60,838 residents of Manitoba born between April 1980 to March 1985 who were followed until March 2015. Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and odds ratios (aORs) were calculated to determine associations between physician-diagnosed mental disorders in childhood or adolescence and a range of adverse early adulthood (ages 18 to 35) outcomes. Results: Diagnoses of mood/anxiety disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, substance use disorder, conduct disorder, psychotic disorder, personality disorders in childhood or adolescence were associated with having the same diagnoses in adulthood. These mental disorder diagnoses in childhood/adolescence were strongly associated with an increased risk of suicidal behaviors and adverse adult social outcomes in adulthood. Similarly, suicide attempts in adolescence conferred an increased risk in adulthood of suicide death (aHR: 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.9-6.9), suicide attempts (aHR: 6.2; CI: 5.0–7.6), social housing use (aHR: 1.7; CI 1.4–2.1), income assistance (aHR: 1.8; CI 1.6–2.1), criminal accusation (aHR: 2.2; CI 2.0–2.5), criminal victimization (aHR:2.5; CI 2.2–2.7), and not completing high school (aOR: 3.1; CI: 2.5–3.9). Conclusion: Mental disorders diagnosed in childhood and adolescence are important risk factors not only for mental disorders in adulthood but also for a range of early adult adversity. These findings provide an evidence-based prognosis of children's long-term well-being and a rationale for ensuring timely access to mental health services. Better population-level mental health promotion and early intervention for children and adolescents with mental disorders are promising for improving future adult outcomes.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of psychological interventions with adoptive parents on adopted children and adolescents’ outcomes: A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorcha Ní Chobhthaigh ◽  
Fiona Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adoptive Parents ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Adopted Children ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Increased Risk

Adopted children and adolescents are at an increased risk of experiencing emotional, behavioural and relational difficulties compared to their non-adopted peers. This systematic review aimed to establish the effectiveness of interventions with adoptive parents on adopted children and adolescents’ psychological well-being, behavioural functioning and parent–child relationship. A systematic search was performed adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), including studies that assessed the effects of interventions with adoptive parents on adopted child and adolescent outcomes. Electronic databases, key journals, grey literature sources, reference and citation lists were searched and published authors in the field were contacted; 19 papers describing 15 interventions were included. The findings from this review provide preliminary support for the use of interventions with adoptive parents for improving adopted children’s emotional and behavioural outcomes. However, overall, the studies were found to have a high risk of bias, and the significant heterogeneity across the studies limits the conclusions that can be drawn. Further research is required to provide conclusive recommendations regarding the effectiveness of interventions with adoptive parents on the outcomes of adopted children.

Contraception and thrombophilia

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Rott ◽  
A. Kruempel ◽  
G. Kappert ◽  
U. Nowak-Göttl ◽  
S. Halimeh
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Illness ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Thromboembolic Events ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Secondary Complications ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Coagulation Proteins

SummaryThe risk of thromboembolic events (TE) is increased by acquired or inherited thrombo -philias (IT). We know that some hormonal contraceptives also increase the risk of thrombosis, thus, the use of such contraceptives are discussed as contraindications in women with IT. TEs are infrequent events in children and adolescents and in the majority of cases are associated with secondary complications from underlying chronic illness. Although adolescents are not typically considered to be at high-risk for TE, this cohort is frequently using hormonal contraception, leading to an increased risk in cases with unknown IT. The risk of TE with pregnancy alone is higher than associated with combined hormonal contra -ception. Progestin-only methods have not been found to increase the risk of TE with only moderate changes of coagulation proteins compared to normal reference values. Conclusion: Thrombophilic women are good candidates for progestin-only contraceptive methods.

Study the Anatomy and Physiology of Body's Urinary System and Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) for the Design an Intelligent Alarm System for Monitoring of FMS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Shirzadfar ◽  
Narsis Gordoghli
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
International Association ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
World Health ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Health Organization

In recent years, chronic medical problems have become increasingly prevalent. Chronic ‎illnesses challenge the view of life as a regular and continuous process, a challenge that has ‎important psychological consequences. The long duration of people suffering from these ‎diseases, the long process of treatment and the fact that there is no proper and definitive ‎treatment for most of these diseases and their associated complications have made chronic ‎diseases a detrimental factor in public health. According to the World Health Organization ‎‎(2006), the prevalence of chronic and non-communicable diseases is increasing in all countries, ‎especially developing countries, so that the major challenge for the health system in the present ‎century, is not living people, but better adapted to chronic illnesses and maintaining their ‎mental and social health and well-being Ed's life-threatening chronic physical illness.‎ Chronic pain is a pain that lasts longer than usual, and according to the criteria of the ‎International Association of Pain, this time is defined as at least 3 months to 6 months. Chronic ‎pain is such that not only faced the sick person whit the pressure of the pain but also with many ‎other pressure that affect different parts of her life. Fibromyalgia is one of the most rheumatologic disorders and one of the most resistant chronic ‎pain syndromes. Fibromyalgia is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in adults ‎and chronic pain is one of the most common complaints in this group of patients.

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