scholarly journals Composting of byproducts from the orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) and sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) agroindustries

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Teresita de Jesus Debernardi-Vazquez ◽  
Noe Aguilar-Rivera ◽  
Rosalia Nuñez-Pastrana
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Regional Control ◽  
Generation Management ◽  
Improved Characteristics

There is a global problem involving the generation, management, disposal, and treatment of agro-industrial waste, since it requires technologies for its transformation into the sustainable production of food, fodder, biofuels, fibers, bioproducts, and biofertilizers. The citrus and sugarcane agroindustries generate waste or byproducts that require a special treatment to be reused. Sugarcane byproducts already have an established but unsustainable use. In the case of citrus fruits, 50-60% of the organic waste has an acidic pH (3-4), 95% organic matter, and 80-90% moisture. The objective of this research was to evaluate and model the pile composting method applied to byproducts of the orange and sugarcane agroindustries to obtain compost with competitive physicochemical parameters for use as a soil improver. The pile was designed with a pyramidal rectangular arrangement, and 9 points were established for temperature sampling in three different sections during composting. An average of 55 °C and a pH of 9,1 were obtained at the end of the process. Compared to the regional control, the C/N ratio (27,5), organic matter (65,5%), and macro- and microelements show improved characteristics for use in food production in agroecological agriculture.

scholarly journals Valorization of Orange Peel Waste Using Precomposting and Vermicomposting Processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7626
Author(s):  
Lorena De Medina-Salas ◽  
Mario Rafael Giraldi-Díaz ◽  
Eduardo Castillo-González ◽  
Laura Elena Morales-Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Orange Peel Waste ◽  
Industrialization Process ◽  
Time Required

The industrialization process of oranges generates waste, which is inadequately disposed of; this produces adverse effects on the environment. Among the alternatives for valorization is the vermicomposting process, which consists of the degradation of organic waste through the action of earthworms and microorganisms. Therefore, this research aimed to study this process using orange peel (OP) waste at the laboratory level. For this purpose, it was necessary to determine the degradation conditions through the monitoring of physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, humidity, organic matter (OM), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio). To balance the substrate’s nutrients, load material (LM) that included vegetable waste and eggshells was added to three different mixtures: M1 (50% OP + 50% LM), M2 (40% OP + 60% LM) and M3 (60% OP + 40% LM). To condition the substrate for earthworm (Eisenia fetida) activity, a previous precomposting process was performed. The results showed that all the mixtures fulfilled the requirements for a quality and mature vermicompost; however, the highest concentrations for TN were in the mixtures M1 and M2. The total time required for degradation of the OP waste was 13 weeks.

scholarly journals Growing Food with Garbage: Effects of Six Waste Amendments on Soil and Vegetable Crops

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 896-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Long ◽  
Rebecca N. Brown ◽  
José A. Amador
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Yard Waste

Using organic wastes as agricultural amendments is a productive alternative to disposal in landfills, providing nutrients for plant growth and carbon to build soil organic matter. Despite these benefits, a large fraction of organic waste is sent to landfills. Obstacles to the adoption of wastes as sources of plant nutrients include questions about harmful effects to crops or soils and the wastes’ ability to produce satisfactory yields. We compared six organic waste amendments with a mineral fertilizer control (CN) to determine effects on soil quality, soil fertility, crop quality, and crop yield in 2013 and 2014. Waste amendments were applied at a rate sufficient to supply 10,000 kg organic C/ha over two seasons, and mineral fertilizer was applied to control plots to provide 112 kg-N/ha/yr. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with four replicates and three crops: sweet corn (Zea mays L. cv. Applause, Brocade, and Montauk), butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne cv. JWS 6823), and potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Eva). Amendment with biosolids/yard waste cocompost (BS), dehydrated restaurant food waste (FW), gelatin manufacturing waste (GW), multisource compost (MS), paper fiber/chicken manure blend (PF), and yard waste compost (YW) did not have a negative impact on soil moisture, bulk density, electrical conductivity (EC), or the concentration of heavy metals in soil or plant tissue. Our results indicate potential uses for waste amendments including significantly raising soil pH (MS) and increasing soil organic matter [OM (YW and BS)]. The carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C:N) of waste amendments was not a reliable predictor of soil inorganic N levels, and only some wastes increased potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) levels relative to the control. Plots amended with BS, FW, and GW produced yields of sweet corn, butternut squash, and potatoes comparable with the control, whereas plots amended with YW, PF, and MS produced lower yields of sweet corn, squash, or both, although yields for potatoes were comparable with the control. In addition, the marketability of potatoes from PF plots was significantly better than that of the control in 2014. None of the wastes evaluated in this study had negative impacts on soil properties, some provided benefits to soil quality, and all produced comparable yields for at least one crop. Our results suggest that all six wastes have potential to be used as sources of plant nutrients.

scholarly journals Hesperidin and SARS-CoV-2: New Light on the Healthy Functions of Citrus Fruit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Bellavite ◽  
Alberto Donzelli
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Early Proteins ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
The Many

Among the many approaches to COVID-19 prevention, the possible role of diet has so far been somewhat marginal. Nutrition is very rich in substances with a potential beneficial effect on health and some of these could have an antiviral action or in any case be important in modulating the immune system and in defending cells from the oxidative stress associated with infection. This short review draws the attention on some components of Citrus fruits and especially of the orange (Citrus sinensis), well known for its vitamin content, but less for the function of its flavonoids. Among the latter, hesperidin has recently attracted the attention of researchers, because it binds to the key proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Several computational methods, independently applied by different researchers, showed that hesperidin has a low binding energy both with the coronavirus "spike" protein, and with the main protease that transforms the early proteins of the virus (pp1a and ppa1b) into the complex responsible for viral replication. The affinity of hesperidin for these proteins is comparable if not superior to that of common chemical antivirals. The preventive efficacy of vitamin C, at dosage attainable by diet, against viral infections is controversial, but recent reviews suggest that this substance may be useful in case of increased stress on the immune system. Finally, the reasons that suggest undertaking appropriate research on the Citrus fruits addition in the diet, as a complementary prevention and treatment of COVID-19, are discussed.

RELECTIVE SIGNS OF DEGRADATION IN POSTAGROGENIC SOILS OF ANTI-AGRICULTURAL AREAS OF EAST CRIMEA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fedor Lisetskii ◽  
◽  
Evgenia Zelenskaya ◽  
Arseny Poletaev
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Kerch Peninsula ◽  
Postagrogenic Soils ◽  
Agricultural Areas

The results of a study of the physicochemical parameters of fallow soils in the ancient Bosporos chora (Kerch Peninsula) are presented in the article. The most long-lasting indicators of agropedogenesis are associated with the water resistance of aggregates and the composition of organic matter, as was found.

Comments on Composition of Solid Waste in University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)

2012 ◽  
Vol 157-158 ◽  
pp. 780-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gelareh Ashtary Talkhestani
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Waste Stream ◽  
Predominant Component ◽  
The Social ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Waste Characteristics ◽  
Aluminum Cans

This study determine and analyze the composition of solid waste in University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). A total of 9 samples – over 2300kg of solid waste were sorted 3 times - on every Monday, Wednesday and Saturday for three weeks. These solid waste collected from faculties, dormitories and offices then separated in to Plastic, paper, metals, rubber and leather, organics, glasses and others. The result shown that organic matter is usually the predominant component in the solid waste stream, was about (41.76%), followed by paper (newspaper, magazines, cardboard and cardboard boxes) range around (17.55%); then plastic bag 14.33%. Glass, rubber and leather, plastic bottles and aluminum cans were the smallest composition in UKM, but these can be considered as reusable or recycled items. Also statistical analysis indicates that the waste characteristics for a given day are slightly different, depending on the social activity that is going on for day. Since the major solid waste stream in UKM is organic waste trying to do composting is suitable method .

Genetic improvement of Citrus fruits: New somatic hybrids from Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. and Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F.

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 284-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana Abbate ◽  
Nicasio Tusa ◽  
Sergio Fatta Del Bosco ◽  
Tonia Strano ◽  
Agatino Renda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Citrus Fruits

scholarly journals Biogas production for organic waste management: a case study of canteen’s organic waste in Solid Waste Management Technical Support Center, Lalitpur, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shrestha ◽  
N.P. Chaulagain ◽  
K.R. Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
P Value ◽  
Organic Waste Management

Management of solid waste is one of the major challenges faced by the municipalities. Solid waste mainly comprises of organic waste. Proper management of organic waste helps minimize solid waste problem. This study was carried out to assess the production of biogas from canteen’s organic waste as a solution for management of organic waste in Solid Waste Management Technical Support Centre, Lalitpur using innovative urban biogas plant with capacity 1,275 liters for 48 days. The physicochemical parameters of canteen’s waste and bio-slurry were analyzed. Similarly, volume of biogas, volume of methane and carbon dioxide in biogas produced were measured and CO2 reduction from biogas plant was identified. The average values of physicochemical parameters of canteen’s waste lied within the optimum range for biogas production. The biogas plant produced 22.03 liters/kg of waste and 120.47 liters/day of biogas. The produced biogas contained 48.89% methane and 39.11% carbon dioxide on average. The biogas plant could reduce 3.20 tones of CO2 equivalent per annum from 262.50 kg of waste fed for 48 days. The values of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of bio-slurry indicated it as a better fertilizer. Shapiro-Wilk test showed that the p-value of collected data were greater than 0.05 indicating normal distribution. Linear regression between ambient temperature and biogas production showed that the p-value less than 0.05 indicating significant relationship between them (r2=0.08). The estimated return period of the invested money was 9.5 months in kerosene substitution or 9.7 months in firewood substitution or 9.5 months in LPG substitution. Similarly, the estimated average rate of return was 125.26% in kerosene substitution or 123.72% in firewood substitution or 125.01% in LPG substitution. These results indicated that biogas production using innovative urban biogas plant is better solution for organic waste management. Further extensive and large scale research need to be carried out for the optimization of the biogas plant.

scholarly journals Recycling of nutrients with application of organic waste in degraded pasture

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriane de A. Silva ◽  
Adriana M. da Costa ◽  
Regina M. Q. Lana ◽  
Ângela M. Q. Lana
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Degraded Pasture

The utilization of organic wastes represents an alternative to recover degraded pasture. The experiment aimed to assess the changes caused by the provision of different organic waste (poultry litter, turkey litter and pig manure) in a medium-textured Oxisol in Brazilian Savanna under degraded pasture. It was applied different doses of waste compared to the use of mineral fertilizers and organic mineral and evaluated the effect on soil parameters (pH, organic matter, phosphorus and potassium) and leaf of Brachiariadecumbens (crude protein, phosphorus and dry mass production). It was observed that application of organic waste did not increase the level of soil organic matter and pH in the surface layer, and the application of turkey litter caused acidification at depths of 0.20-0.40 m and 0.40-0.60 m. There was an increase in P and K in the soil with the application of poultry litter and swine manure. All organic wastes increased the productivity of dry matter and crude protein and phosphorus. The recycling of nutrients via the application of organic waste allows efficiency of most parameters similar to those observed with the use of mineral sources, contributing to improving the nutritional status of soil-plantsystem.

scholarly journals The efficiency paradox: How wasteful competitors forge thrifty ecosystems

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (36) ◽  
pp. 17619-17623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geerat J. Vermeij
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Per Capita

Organic waste, an inevitable byproduct of metabolism, increases in amount as metabolic rates (per capita power) of animals and plants rise. Most of it is recycled within aerobic ecosystems, but some is lost to the system and is sequestered in the crust for millions of years. Here, I identify and resolve a previously overlooked paradox concerning the long-term loss of organic matter. In this efficiency paradox, high-powered species are inefficient in that they release copious waste, but the ecosystems they inhabit lose almost no organic matter. Systems occupied by more efficient low-powered species suffer greater losses because of less efficient recycling. Over Phanerozoic time, ecosystems have become more productive and increasingly efficient at retaining and redistributing organic matter even as opportunistic and highly competitive producers and consumers gained power and became less efficient. These patterns and trends are driven by natural selection at the level of individuals and coherent groups, which favors winners that are more powerful, active, and wasteful. The activities of these competitors collectively create conditions that are increasingly conducive to more efficient recycling and retention of organic matter in the ecosystem.

Influence of organic waste amendments on selected soil physical and chemical properties

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
G. H. Neilsen ◽  
E. Hogue ◽  
D. Neilsen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Exchange Capacity

Sandy, infertile soils can benefit from the addition of organic waste amendments. Annual applications of organic wastes for as long as 4 yr increased soil organic matter content, decreased soil bulk density, and increased soil water retention of a coarse-textured soil. However, soil water-holding capacity was not necessarily increased, and there was a limited effect on soil cation exchange capacity. Key words: Cation exchange capacity, water retention, soil pH, soil organic matter, soil bulk density

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