scholarly journals Tensile Properties of 3D Printed Polymeric Pieces: Comparison of Several Testing Setups

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. e84467
Author(s):  
Andres E Romero ◽  
Marcelo T. Piovan ◽  
Carlos A. Mainetti ◽  
Darío Stechina ◽  
Sandra Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Measuring Systems ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Testing Standards ◽  
Precision Machines

This work aims to evaluate and compare variations of a methodology for performing tensile tests on thermoplastic specimens constructed by additive manufacturing technologies (AMT) with filament deposition modeling (FDM). The testing procedures of pieces made in FDM machines do not yet have any conclusive standards because 3D printing, as a disruptive and exponentially growing technology, has not allowed enough time to reach a definitive scientific consensus. Nowadays, testing standards for injected thermoplastic parts or laminated composites are employed as substitutes with careful implementation. A comparative study was carried out on the elasticity modulus, determined within the framework of the same standard but with different measuring devices and testing machines. These machines cover a broad range from professional automated high precision machines to lab and specialized machines. Sets of 3Dprinted specimens with identical manufacturing parameters were constructed in a commercial 3D printer. An analysis of variance was performed in order to evaluate the consistency and significance of experimental data for the same polymer, considering the machine type and its corresponding setup. From the experimental data, it is concluded that, with the due care, all evaluated testing setups can reach comparable results, especially in the absence of sophisticated and expensive measuring systems.

scholarly journals Metallization of Thermoplastic Polymers and Composites 3D Printed by Fused Filament Fabrication

Technologies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Alessia Romani ◽  
Andrea Mantelli ◽  
Paolo Tralli ◽  
Stefano Turri ◽  
Marinella Levi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Thermoplastic Polymers ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Fused filament fabrication allows the direct manufacturing of customized and complex products although the layer-by-layer appearance of this process strongly affects the surface quality of the final parts. In recent years, an increasing number of post-processing treatments has been developed for the most used materials. Contrarily to other additive manufacturing technologies, metallization is not a common surface treatment for this process despite the increasing range of high-performing 3D printable materials. The objective of this work is to explore the use of physical vapor deposition sputtering for the chromium metallization of thermoplastic polymers and composites obtained by fused filament fabrication. The thermal and mechanical properties of five materials were firstly evaluated by means of differential scanning calorimetry and tensile tests. Meanwhile, a specific finishing torture test sample was designed and 3D printed to perform the metallization process and evaluate the finishing on different geometrical features. Furthermore, the roughness of the samples was measured before and after the metallization, and a cost analysis was performed to assess the cost-efficiency. To sum up, the metallization of five samples made with different materials was successfully achieved. Although some 3D printing defects worsened after the post-processing treatment, good homogeneity on the finest details was reached. These promising results may encourage further experimentations as well as the development of new applications, i.e., for the automotive and furniture fields.

scholarly journals Optimization of Manufacturing Parameters and Tensile Specimen Geometry for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D-Printed PETG

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2556
Author(s):  
Arda Özen ◽  
Dietmar Auhl ◽  
Christina Völlmecke ◽  
Josef Kiendl ◽  
Bilen Emek Abali
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Tensile Specimen ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Design Flexibility ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed

Additive manufacturing provides high design flexibility, but its use is restricted by limited mechanical properties compared to conventional production methods. As technology is still emerging, several approaches exist in the literature for quantifying and improving mechanical properties. In this study, we investigate characterizing materials’ response of additive manufactured structures, specifically by fused deposition modeling (FDM). A comparative analysis is achieved for four different tensile test specimens for polymers based on ASTM D3039 and ISO 527-2 standards. Comparison of specimen geometries is studied with the aid of computations based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). Uniaxial tensile tests are carried out, after a careful examination of different slicing approaches for 3D printing. We emphasize the effects of the chosen slicer parameters on the position of failures in the specimens and propose a simple formalism for measuring effective mechanical properties of 3D-printed structures.

The Mechanical Characteristics of 3D Printed Parts According to the Build Orientation

2014 ◽  
Vol 474 ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Zelený ◽  
Jiří Šafka ◽  
Irina Elkina
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Build Orientation ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Component Element ◽  
3D Printed

This article is focused on a production of mechanically resistant physical models using Rapid Prototyping technology. There are two tested materials, ABS is the first build material and ABS-like is the second build material with similar properties. The article describes the production of a testing component - element for tensile tests by two RP technologies. The first technology is FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) and the second PolyJet Matrix. Further the article describes the description and evaluation of the tensile tests.

Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Anisotropic Materials Used in Rapid Prototyping Technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 989 ◽  
pp. 821-826
Author(s):  
Svetlana Perepelkina ◽  
Karina Makhmudova ◽  
Pavel Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Structure ◽  
Filling Factor ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Thermal Camera ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Materials Used

In this paper, the tensile tests were carried out for the samples made of polylactic acid (PLA) with the use of fused deposition modeling (FDM) with various filling factors. The results of the study showed that the ultimate strength of 3D-printed parts non-linearly depends on the filling factor. In addition, the thermal analysis of the 3D printing process using a thermal camera was performed. The obtained results could be used for medical purposes, e.g. PLA parts can be used as implants in maxillofacial surgery. That kind of temporary implants should have cellular structure and enough strength to sustain external and internal loads.

scholarly journals The Influence of Raster Angle and Moisture Content on the Mechanical Properties of PLA Parts Produced by Fused Deposition Modeling

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Mohammed Algarni
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Raster Angle ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Manufacturing Parameters

The additive manufacturing (AM) processes and technologies of 3D-printed materials and components using fused deposition modeling (FDM) are currently very popular and widely used for building parts and prototypes. Many manufacturing parameters can affect the strength and strain of the manufactured parts. The manufacturing parameters may be altered to reach an optimum setting for highly effective parts or components. This research studies the influence of the raster angle and the moisture content percentages on the mechanical properties of 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) material. The three raster angles tested in this research were 0°, 45°, and 90°. The moisture content of the PLA material was altered to verify its effect on the mechanical properties. Twenty-seven specimens were subjected to tensile tests to examine the effect of different manufacturing parameters. The results show the specimens with a 90° raster angle and 10% moisture content have the optimum strength and strain mechanical properties.

Biodegradable 3D Printed Polymer Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Luzuriaga ◽  
Danielle R. Berry ◽  
John C. Reagan ◽  
Ronald A. Smaldone ◽  
Jeremiah J. Gassensmith
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Microfabrication Technique ◽  
Mechanical Strengths

Biodegradable polymer microneedle (MN) arrays are an emerging class of transdermal drug delivery devices that promise a painless and sanitary alternative to syringes; however, prototyping bespoke needle architectures is expensive and requires production of new master templates. Here, we present a new microfabrication technique for MNs using fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing using polylactic acid, an FDA approved, renewable, biodegradable, thermoplastic material. We show how this natural degradability can be exploited to overcome a key challenge of FDM 3D printing, in particular the low resolution of these printers. We improved the feature size of the printed parts significantly by developing a post fabrication chemical etching protocol, which allowed us to access tip sizes as small as 1 μm. With 3D modeling software, various MN shapes were designed and printed rapidly with custom needle density, length, and shape. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that our method resulted in needle tip sizes in the range of 1 – 55 µm, which could successfully penetrate and break off into porcine skin. We have also shown that these MNs have comparable mechanical strengths to currently fabricated MNs and we further demonstrated how the swellability of PLA can be exploited to load small molecule drugs and how its degradability in skin can release those small molecules over time.

Investigation of the Static Behavior and Failure Mechanisms of a 3D Printed Bio-Based Sandwich with Auxetic Core

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (05) ◽  
pp. 2050051
Author(s):  
Khawla Essassi ◽  
Jean-Luc Rebiere ◽  
Abderrahim El Mahi ◽  
Mohamed Amine Ben Souf ◽  
Anas Bouguecha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acoustic Emissions ◽  
Shear Stiffness ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Sandwich Composite ◽  
Static Behavior ◽  
Flax Fibers ◽  
Data Points ◽  
3D Printed

In this research contribution, the static behavior and failure mechanisms are developed for a three-dimensional (3D) printed dogbone, auxetic structure and sandwich composite using acoustic emissions (AEs). The skins, core and whole sandwich are manufactured using the same bio-based material which is polylactic acid reinforced with micro-flax fibers. Tensile tests are conducted on the skins and the core while bending tests are conducted on the sandwich composite. Those tests are carried out on four different auxetic densities in order to investigate their effect on the mechanical and damage properties of the materials. To monitor the invisible damage and damage propagation, a highly sensitive AE testing method is used. It is found that the sandwich with high core density displays advanced mechanical properties in terms of bending stiffness, shear stiffness, facing bending stress and core shear stress. In addition, the AE data points during testing present an amplitude range of 40–85[Formula: see text]dB that characterizes visible and invisible damage up to failure.

scholarly journals Controlling magnetic properties of 3D-printed magnetic elastomer structures via fused deposition modeling

AIP Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 025223
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Calascione ◽  
Nathan A. Fischer ◽  
Thomas J. Lee ◽  
Hannah G. Thatcher ◽  
Brittany B. Nelson-Cheeseman
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed

scholarly journals Pressure Orientation-Dependent Recovery of 3D-Printed PLA Objects with Varying Infill Degree

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Ehrmann ◽  
Andrea Ehrmann
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Static Load ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
3D Printed

Poly(lactic acid) is not only one of the most often used materials for 3D printing via fused deposition modeling (FDM), but also a shape-memory polymer. This means that objects printed from PLA can, to a certain extent, be deformed and regenerate their original shape automatically when they are heated to a moderate temperature of about 60–100 °C. It is important to note that pure PLA cannot restore broken bonds, so that it is necessary to find structures which can take up large forces by deformation without full breaks. Here we report on the continuation of previous tests on 3D-printed cubes with different infill patterns and degrees, now investigating the influence of the orientation of the applied pressure on the recovery properties. We find that for the applied gyroid pattern, indentation on the front parallel to the layers gives the worst recovery due to nearly full layer separation, while indentation on the front perpendicular to the layers or diagonal gives significantly better results. Pressing from the top, either diagonal or parallel to an edge, interestingly leads to a different residual strain than pressing from front, with indentation on top always firstly leading to an expansion towards the indenter after the first few quasi-static load tests. To quantitatively evaluate these results, new measures are suggested which could be adopted by other groups working on shape-memory polymers.

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