scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Church Gatherings in the Philippines: A Policy Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Grace Zurielle Malolos ◽  
Joseph Christian Obnial ◽  
Rena Mallillin ◽  
Pamela Bianca Pasco ◽  
Erika Ong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Task Force ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
The Government ◽  
Filipino Culture ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Church

The Philippines is the largest Christian-majority country in Asia. With church gatherings playing a vital role in the nature of Christianity in the Filipino culture, the advent of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in the Philippines posed challenges to public religious practices amid efforts to mitigate COVID-19 community transmission. Various policy pronouncements from both the government-led Inter-Agency Task Force (IATF) on Emerging Diseases and the church-led Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) were issued. These guidelines were implemented in order to address the two-pronged problem on healthcare and religious obligations. While these guidelines were initially contributory to the mitigation of disease transmission, varied compliance by Filipinos was observed through the progression of the pandemic. Considering the value that church gatherings and religion play in the lives of the Filipino people, further studies on COVID-19 transmission in the church should be conducted in order to develop more efficient policies and guidelines on the practice of religion, particularly for religious gatherings. Furthermore, a more synergistic state and church cooperation must be encouraged in order to arrive at solutions that will mutually address the concomitant problems of the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Division of Lanao Del Sur 1, DepEd-ARMM: Its Vital Role in Peacebuilding and Reconciliation in the Post-Conflict Settings

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahanee M. Sumagayan
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Conflict Settings ◽  
The Government ◽  
Southern Island

The Philippines has experienced over 40 years of internal armed conflict in the Southern Island of Mindanao, as the resident Muslim population continues to demand self-determination. Hence, this study aimed to locate and explore frameworks on building peace initiatives and conflict tools resolution as the symbolic rites of procedures. Specifically, it sought to: 1) Understand the meaning of peacebuilding and reconciliation in the context of post-conflict settings; 2) Define extremism; 3) Determine the role of Division of Lanao del Sur 1, DepEd-ARMM in preventing extremism, and 4) Determine how education can counter religious extremism. Using documentary analysis method, data were obtained and collected from the Mindanao State University (MSU) System library, the Armed Forces of the Philippines, the Philippine National Police, the Department of Education (DepEd-ARMM), the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), the Philippine National Red Cross (PNRC), and Bangon Marawi Task Force. There were six (6) key informants interviewed by the researcher. Based on the nature of the study, no statistical treatment of data gathered was done. This is the limitation of the study.  Findings revealed that peacebuilding facilitates the establishment of durable peace and prevents the recurrence of violence through reconciliation, education, institutional and political building for economic transformation. The Division of Lanao del Sur 1, DepED-ARMM recommends that the government should create an independent commission to highlight measurable progress and determine the benchmarks that these programs have met.

The RUMA Alliance targets: an overview

Livestock ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-179
Author(s):  
Chris Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Codes Of Practice ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Ongoing Support ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Roll Out

The Responsible Use of Medicines in Agriculture Alliance (RUMA) was established to promote the highest standards of food safety, animal health and animal welfare in the British livestock industry. It has a current focus to deliver on the Government objective of identifying sector-specific targets for the reduction, refinement or replacement of antibiotics in animal agriculture. The creation and roll out of sector specific targets in 2017 through the RUMA Targets Task Force, has helped focus activity across the UK livestock sectors to achieve a 50% reduction in antibiotic use since 2014. This has been realised principally through voluntary multi-sector collaboration, cross sector initiatives, codes of practice, industry body support and farm assurance schemes. This article provides an overview of RUMA's work to date providing insight into the methods used to create the targets, why they are so important, the impact they are having and how ongoing support and robust data are vital components in achieving the latest set of targets.

scholarly journals The effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in different socioeconomic populations in Kuwait: a modeling study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Khadadah ◽  
Abdullah A. Al-Shammari ◽  
Ahmad Alhashemi ◽  
Dari Alhuwail ◽  
Bader Al-Saif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cross Transmission ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions ◽  
The Basic Reproduction Number

Abstract Background Aggressive non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) may reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The extent to which these interventions are successful in stopping the spread have not been characterized in countries with distinct socioeconomic groups. We compared the effects of a partial lockdown on disease transmission among Kuwaitis (P1) and non-Kuwaitis (P2) living in Kuwait. Methods We fit a modified metapopulation SEIR transmission model to reported cases stratified by two groups to estimate the impact of a partial lockdown on the effective reproduction number ($$ {\mathcal{R}}_e $$ R e ). We estimated the basic reproduction number ($$ {\mathcal{R}}_0 $$ R 0 ) for the transmission in each group and simulated the potential trajectories of an outbreak from the first recorded case of community transmission until 12 days after the partial lockdown. We estimated $$ {\mathcal{R}}_e $$ R e values of both groups before and after the partial curfew, simulated the effect of these values on the epidemic curves and explored a range of cross-transmission scenarios. Results We estimate $$ {\mathcal{R}}_e $$ R e at 1·08 (95% CI: 1·00–1·26) for P1 and 2·36 (2·03–2·71) for P2. On March 22nd, $$ {\mathcal{R}}_e $$ R e for P1 and P2 are estimated at 1·19 (1·04–1·34) and 1·75 (1·26–2·11) respectively. After the partial curfew had taken effect, $$ {\mathcal{R}}_e $$ R e for P1 dropped modestly to 1·05 (0·82–1·26) but almost doubled for P2 to 2·89 (2·30–3·70). Our simulated epidemic trajectories show that the partial curfew measure greatly reduced and delayed the height of the peak in P1, yet significantly elevated and hastened the peak in P2. Modest cross-transmission between P1 and P2 greatly elevated the height of the peak in P1 and brought it forward in time closer to the peak of P2. Conclusion Our results indicate and quantify how the same lockdown intervention can accentuate disease transmission in some subpopulations while potentially controlling it in others. Any such control may further become compromised in the presence of cross-transmission between subpopulations. Future interventions and policies need to be sensitive to socioeconomic and health disparities.

scholarly journals Vaccinating Adolescents and Children Significantly Reduces COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortality across All Ages: A Popula-Tion-Based Modeling Study Using the UK as an Example

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1180
Author(s):  
Tinevimbo Shiri ◽  
Marc Evans ◽  
Carla A. Talarico ◽  
Angharad R. Morgan ◽  
Maaz Mussad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Debate persists around the risk–benefit balance of vaccinating adolescents and children against COVID-19. Central to this debate is quantifying the contribution of adolescents and children to the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and the potential impact of vaccinating these age groups. In this study, we present a novel SEIR mathematical disease transmission model that quantifies the impact of different vaccination strategies on population-level SARS-CoV-2 infections and clinical outcomes. The model employs both age- and time-dependent social mixing patterns to capture the impact of changes in restrictions. The model was used to assess the impact of vaccinating adolescents and children on the natural history of the COVID-19 pandemic across all age groups, using the UK as an example. The base case model demonstrates significant increases in COVID-19 disease burden in the UK following a relaxation of restrictions, if vaccines are limited to those ≥18 years and vulnerable adolescents (≥12 years). Including adolescents and children in the vaccination program could reduce overall COVID-related mortality by 57%, and reduce cases of long COVID by 75%. This study demonstrates that vaccinating adolescents and children has the potential to play a vital role in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infections, and subsequent COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, across all ages. Our results have major global public health implications and provide valuable information to inform a potential pandemic exit strategy.

scholarly journals From Social Trust and Happiness to Government Trust: The Moderating Role of Political Systems and Governance in the Philippines

PCD Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Erickson D Calata ◽  
Reginald G. Ugaddan
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Trust In Government ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

There are frequent calls to enhance citizens' trust in government to pave the way towards a new paradigm of participatory governance and strong citizen support for government. In various realms, citizens may directly or indirectly engage with the government through various available mediums, even though, despite the availability of various policies and services provided by the government, citizens are generally passive and adamant in trusting the public sector. While many studies have explored a set of determinants that influence citizens' trust in government (i.e., central government, local government, parliament, and the legal system), few studies have ascertained the relationship and the role of social trust, happiness, governance, and political systems. These are critical factors that may influence trust in government. To address this gap, this study draws on the theoretical lens of social capital theory, proposing that cognitive social trust and citizen happiness—environment and performance—are the most likely predictors of citizen trust in government. This study assumes that citizens' perceptions of governance and political systems will moderate the effect of social trust and happiness on trust in government. Using data from the Asia Barometer Survey 2007, and focusing on data collected from the Philippines, this study tests a latent model employing the structural equation modelling technique. It finds that happiness negatively predicts trust in the central government and the legal system, while all other predictors do not have a significant effect. The findings also show that the political system moderates the impact of social trust and happiness on trust in government. Finally, this article points out its theoretical, empirical, and practical implications and provides directions for future research.

Issues on Islamic Education in The Philippines

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Marlon Pontino Guleng ◽  
Razaleigh Muhamat@Kawangit ◽  
Zulkefli Aini
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Muslim Society ◽  
Equal Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
Islamic Values ◽  
Peace And Development

Mainstreaming the issue of Islamic education in the Philippines will be a major avenue in providing the overall educational requirements for every Filipino Muslims. A qualitative method is applied in this study, which mainly involved analyzing contents. The findings of the study show that Islamic education plays a vital role in peace and development for Muslims-Christians relationship. The study finds out that due to the achievement of peace and development for the country, the government implements Arabic Language and Islamic Values Program (ALIVE) that lead to National Public Holiday, provide equal education, provide opportunity for Muslims scholars and give some advantage to Muslim society in the Philippines. Focus on the issue of Islamic education in the country will create a garden of peace that may lead to respect and harmony.

“PATRON” Inovasi Drone Untuk Membantu SATGAS COVID-19 Mencegah Penyebaran Virus Pada Kerumunan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariza Halidatsani Azhra ◽  
Nayoko Prasetyo Jati
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Kano Model ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Infrared Rays ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Transmission Prevention ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
Voice Of Customer

Abstract—COVID-19 be a concern in all countries because of its rapid spread through droplets or airborne. The COVID-19 Task Force recorded that 1.4 million Indonesians were exposed to the virus. The government has established health protocols, one of which is social distancing. However, as time goes by, people's awareness of the dangers of COVID 19 is decreasing. Many people violate health protocols and crowd in various places. Based on these problems, a disease transmission prevention tool is designed to reducing the spread of the virus. The method used in this research is Kano Model. From the results of the voice of customer and Kano Model analysis, it was found that the drone that consumers want is have a disinfectant in the form of 360⁰ UVC rays, sound transmission in the form of a mic along with speakers, both of which are included in the attractive category, while the one-dimensional category is a temperature gauge in the form of infrared rays to help detect the symptoms of the COVID-19 virus. The presence of PATRON is expected to help the COVID-19 Task Force in an effort to prevent the transmission of the COVID-19 virus.  Keywords: disease transmission tool, kano model, covid-19   Abstrak—Virus COVID 19 menjadi perhatian di berbagai negara dikarenakan penyebaranya yang cepat melalui droplet atau airborne. Berdasarkan data SATGAS COVID 19 tercatat sejumlah 1,4 juta penduduk indonesia terpapar virus. Pemerintah menetapkan berbagai protokol kesehatan untuk mengurangi risiko penyebaran virus, salah satunya yaitu menjaga jarak. Namun, seiring berjalannya waktu kesadaran penduduk akan bahaya COVID 19 semakin berkurang. Banyak masyarakat yang melanggar protokol kesehatan dan berkerumun di berbagai tempat. Sebagai langkah mengurangi jumlah kerumunan, dibutuhkan sebuah alat untuk membubarkan kerumunan dengan tujuan mengurangi penyebaran virus. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, maka dirancang disease transmission prevention tool. Metode yang digunakan dalam perancangan desain alat adalah Model Kano. Dari hasil voice of costumer dan analisis Model Kano, didapatkan hasil bahwa drone yang dihendaki oleh konsumen yaitu memiliki disinfektan berupa sinar UVC 360⁰, transmisi suara berupa mic beserta speaker, kedua hal tersebut termasuk kedalam kategori attractive, sedangkan kategori one dimensional yaitu pengukur suhu berupa sinar infrared untuk membantu mendeteksi gejala virus COVID-19. Kehadiran PATRON diharapkan dapat membantu membantu SATGAS COVID-19 dalam upaya pencegahan penularan virus COVID-19. Kata kunci: disease transmission tool, model kano, covid-19

scholarly journals Impact of Value Added Tax to Enugu’s Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 278-287
Author(s):  
MARIA LUISA GONZALES ◽  
FRIDAY ODE
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT           Value-added tax is everywhere; it is in the most of goods and services we purchase. Take for instance; when we go to the salon to get our hair done, when we gas up our car, vat is also included in what we pay.  In the Philippines, the value-added tax is a form of sales tax. It is a tax on the consumption levied on the sale, barter exchange, or lease of goods, properties, and services in the Philippines, and on importation of goods into the country, it is an indirect tax that may be shifted or passed into the buyer transferring lease of goods, properties or services. While in Nigeria, VAT is a Federal Government Tax that is administered using the existing machinery of the Federal Inland Revenue Services (FIRS). This study assessed the impact of value-added tax on Enugu Nigeria’s Economy, specifically to Government, Business Organizations, and Consumers, the problems identified, significant relationships, and the solutions recommended. The findings revealed that VAT has a significant impact on business organizations and consumers but positively on the part of the government. Recommendation for the improvement is for the consumer with low average earnings should be exempted in paying the VAT provided however, criteria must be set to exempt them in VAT. Keyword: Social Sciences, Impact, Value added Tax, Revenue, descriptive research design, Philippines

scholarly journals The effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in different socioeconomic populations in Kuwait: A modelling study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Khadadah ◽  
Abdullah A. Al-Shammari ◽  
Ahmad Alhashemi ◽  
Dari Alhuwail ◽  
Bader Al-Saif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cross Transmission ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

Background: Aggressive non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) may reduce transmission of SARS-CoV2. The extent to which these interventions are successful in stopping the spread have not been characterized in countries with distinct socioeconomic groups. We compared the effects of a partial lockdown on disease transmission among Kuwaitis (P1) and non-Kuwaitis (P2) living in Kuwait. Methods: We fit a metapopulation Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model to reported cases stratified by two groups to estimate the impact of a lockdown on the effective reproduction number (Re). We estimated the basic reproduction number (R0) for the transmission in each group and simulated the potential trajectories of an outbreak from the first recorded case of community transmission until 12 days after the lockdown. We estimated R­e values of both groups before and after the lockdown, simulated the effect of these values on epidemic curves and explored a range of cross-transmission scenarios. Results: We estimate R0 at 1·06 (95% CI: 1·05-1·28) for P1 and 1·83 (1·58-2·33) for P2. On March 22nd, Re for P1 and P2 are estimated at 1·13 (1·07-1·17) and 1·38 (1·25-1·63) respectively. After the curfew had taken effect, Re for P1 dropped modestly to 1·04 (1·02-1·06) but almost doubled for P2 to 2·47 (1·98-3·45). Our simulated epidemic trajectories show that the partial curfew measure modestly reduced and delayed the height of the peak in P1, yet significantly elevated and hastened the peak in P2. Modest cross-transmission from P2 to P1 elevated the height of the peak in P1 and brought it forward in time closer to the peak of P2.    Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that a lockdown can reduce SARS-CoV2 transmission in one subpopulation but accelerate it in another. At the population level, the consequences of lockdowns may vary across the socioeconomic spectrum. Any public health intervention needs to be sensitive to disparities within populations.

scholarly journals External Debt and its Impact on Exchange Rates in the Philippines

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Mikayla Mendoza ◽  
Andrew Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
External Debt ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Debt Management ◽  
Foreign Reserves ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The exchange rate is a crucial macroeconomic factor within emerging and transition economies. External debt is a driving force for the growth of an economy. This study then aims to determine the impact of external debt on the exchange rate of the Philippines by examining the impact of external debt accumulation on the Philippines' exchange rates. The researcher applies a correlational time series analysis in order to capture the impact of external debt, debt services on external debt, and foreign reserves on the exchange rate of the Philippines within the period from 1980 to 2019. The relationships between variables based on the developed theoretical framework are analyzed through multiple regression analysis. Empirical results show that external debt and debt services positively impact the exchange rate, while foreign reserves exhibit a negative relationship. The corresponding coefficients indicate that a change in any of the independent variables will cause significant but marginal fluctuations in the exchange rate in the case of the Philippines. The author concludes that external debt encourages the growth of exchange rates in the long run in the case of the Philippines due to its positive relationship. This implies that the Philippine government should aim to focus on more efficient external debt management strategies to enhance the value of the exchange rate of the Philippine Peso relative to other countries. Accordingly, the researcher recommends that the government take the necessary means to reduce the country's external debt to better the economy.

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