scholarly journals The Constitutional Right to Education and the Cultural and Social Conditions of Tutoring in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-429
Author(s):  
Hubert Kotarski ◽  
◽  
Agnieszka Gajda ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-386
Author(s):  
Ali Mohamed Aldabbas ◽  
Kamal Jamal Alawamleh ◽  
Worud Jamal Awamleh

Abstract This study examines the extent to which Jordan is committed to principles of compulsory and free basic education, by analyzing legislation in light of constitutional and international standards regarding the right to education. Methodology includes quantitative assessment of these principles using a questionnaire distributed to students and their teachers in a number of public schools in three Jordanian governorates. Three focus group sessions composed of students and their teachers were held. The study suggests that, whilst the Jordanian Constitution has explicitly adopted such principles, Jordanian law yet includes provisions that diminish providing free basic education to all children of compulsory age and that mitigate the number of students who drop out of school. This study proposes amending the title of Chapter II of the Constitution and Article 20 to ensure that all children living in Jordan enjoy the right to education.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-42
Author(s):  
A. Matnenko

The subject of the paper is legal conditions for realization the constitutional right to education.The purpose of the paper is to confirm or disprove the hypothesis that legal measures of realization of the right to education that are used in developed foreign countries can be used in Russia to improve Russian educational legislation.The methodology. General scientific methods as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison were used. The author also uses the formal legal interpretation of Russian judicial decisions as well as comparative legal method.The main results and scope of their application. The court decisions supporting the principle of territorial consolidation of schools indicate that this principle does not exclude the possibility of citizens not residing in the fixed territory to enter the school of their choice. However, the implementation of this feature, due to the lack of legislative regulations of the procedure, can cause bias, corruption and other abuses of constitutional right to education. Inequality children’s opportunities to enter the school due to their place of residence persists in the individual selection process. Situations where there are no clear and consistent rules for the provision school education inevitably generates numerous violations of citi-zens' rights and inequality based on the financial situation of parents. In Russia, there is no "waiting list", when children wishing to enroll in a particular school, would be taken to the vacant place. Accordingly, the adoption of such decisions by school administrations also lies in the plane of subjective discretion and causes corruption risks. China's experience is interesting because there are transparent, equal conditions for legal attraction of extra-budgetary funds to the school system, which do not turn access to education in the best schools into a corruption scheme or competition of parents ' incomes and do not infringe the rights of those who seek to enter them on the basis of their own achievements and knowledge. Speaking about the British experience, it is interesting to note that the lack of vacancies in the school itself can not be a reason for refusing to enroll a child in school.Conclusions. The legal experience of developed countries, such as the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, Japan, China, in regulating the grounds and procedures for the provision of school education can be successfully applied in order to improve the Russian legislation, which establishes the legal mechanisms for the implementation of the constitutional right to education.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-468
Author(s):  
Sergei A. Belov ◽  
◽  
Alexander A. Soloviev ◽  
Vyacheslav V. Suyazov ◽  
◽  
...  

In the article "Unity of the system of state universities in today’s Russia", published in August 2020, it was proved that the constitutional right to education implies the need to support not only the leading universities of the country with the help of "academic leadership" programs, but all universities established by the state. Firstly, the creation of a university by the state presupposes responsibility on the part of the state as the founder for ensuring the conditions of its activity; secondly, students of all state universities equally have the right to demand from the state the creation of conditions for obtaining high-quality and modern education. In the development of the concept of unity of the higher education system, this article discusses specific practical steps to implement the approaches indicated in the article in terms of the use of public resources. The authors formulated a number of proposals regarding the state policy in the field of science and higher education in relation to the distribution of financial resources and other resources between institutions of higher education, and also proposed specific measures for their implementation, described by examples from practice.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Yahya Ahmad Zein ◽  
Aditia Syaprillah ◽  
Arif Rohman

The issues was found based on research results in the first year of the model of the fulfillment of the right to education as a constitutional right of citizens in the Nunukan-North Kalimantan Province. The research addresses the policies and models of the fulfillment of the right to education there are still various weaknesses, especially related to the implementation of policies has been contained in the Local Regulations, even worsened by the neglect of border area management principles based on the fulfillment of the right to education that will break the poverty chain, and will strengthen the orientation of border area management based on the welfare of the people. This is of course very interesting when compared to Malaysia's neighboring state Sabah in the fulfillment of the right to education concerning the availability, affordability, acceptance, and conformity of education.The main issues be discussed in this study are how is comparative policies and how os comparison of the framework in the fulfillment of the right to education as a constitutional right of citizens in the border region of Nunukan Indonesia and Sabah Malaysia.this research is a comparative law study so that it will provide a new policy model of border area management based on the fulfillment of the right to education.The results of this study conclude that the Malaysian government's policy of opening and developing the port of Tawau at the end of the 19th century and the port of Tawau is the third major destination in Sabah after Kota Kinabalu and Sandakan as evidence that the management of its border areas using the prosperity approach has brought prosperity to Malaysian citizen who is on the border of his country and this is directly proportional to the strengthening of human resources through the Infrastructure and quality of education of his country. The results of the Model comparison indicate that there are significant differences in the fulfillment of the right to education as a constitutional right of citizens in the border regions of Nunukan Indonesia and Sabah Malaysia in terms of the conditions of educational infrastructure and access to education information. Affordability of school locations and systems that facilitate the process towards educational facilities.Availability of quality education standards for citizens and the availability of adequate teachers at every level of education.The aim of this research is not only for the development of science, especially the knowledge of Indonesian border region, but also contributes as a reference for the government related to the policy of border area management in Indonesia, particularly the reference for Local Govenrmment of Nunukan.


Author(s):  
Eloise Pasachoff

In this chapter, Eloise Pasachoff offers an array of arguments against a federal right to education. She argues that a federal constitutional right to education is both unnecessary and insufficient, regardless of whether that right is developed through constitutional amendment by Congress and the states or through constitutional interpretation by federal courts. She contends that it is unnecessary because the goals that advocates have for a constitutional right to education can already be accomplished through ordinary legislation using Congress’s powers under the Constitution’s Spending Clause. She argues that it is insufficient because having a constitutional right to education would not remove practical limits on Congress and federal courts in ensuring its implementation. While there is an argument that building a movement for a constitutional right to education would itself create change, Pasachoff highlights the downsides to that work, from breeding cynicism about government (if the constitutional right is declared but fails to achieve its goals in practice) to furthering destructive politics (if, as is more likely, the movement to achieve a constitutional right fails while creating conflict and reducing the possibility of finding common ground on smaller reform projects). She concludes that advocates instead should focus their energy on reforms that have a greater likelihood of success.


2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Idevaldo Da Silva Bodião

O objetivo deste artigo, ao analisar a Lei nº 13.415/2017, que propõe alterações na carga horária, no elenco e na distribuição dos conteúdos das disciplinas da escola de ensino médio, é identificar se, e como, ela contribui para a garantia da oferta do ensino médio, tendo em conta os interesses dos estudantes das escolas públicas. Trata-se de um ensaio que, dialogando com autores como Krawczik (2011) e Moehlecke (2012), por exemplo, tem como referência o constitucional direito à educação em sua plenitude e, como pano de fundo, o atual cenário político. As questões aqui abordadas vinculam-se às mudanças curriculares propostas e as possibilidades de suas efetivações, o que inclui o necessário financiamento. A título de elaborações finais é possível afirmar que boa parte das promessas que, em princípio, justificaram seu encaminhamento poderão não ser cumpridas, que os reais problemas das escolas públicas de ensino médio não serão resolvidos, simplesmente, pela flexibilização curricular, que a formação técnica e profissional discente, como está encaminhada, não será suficiente para diminuir as enormes desigualdades sociais e que a consolidação de projetos de escolarizações distintos, numa mesma rede pública de educação, poderá se constituir em um refinado e perverso processo seletivo, configurando um retrocesso na lenta trajetória de efetivação da educação como um direito. AbstractThe main of this article is to analyse the Law nº 13.415/2017, that proposes changes in the school schedule, the list and the distribution of the themes in high school subjects, and how, if at all, it contributed to guarantee the high school demands, bearing in mind the public-school students’ interests. It’s about an essay that, dialoguing with authors like Krawczik (2011) and Moehlecke (2012), for example, has as reference the constitutional right to education, in your fullness, and, as a background, the current political scene. The themes discussed here are deal with to the curricular alterations as proposed and the conditions of its implementation, which includes the necessary financing. The title final elaborations that can be reached indicate that good part of the promises that, in principle, justified to head for maybe won’t be carry out, that the real problems of the public high schools will not be solved simply by the curriculum flexibility, that the technical and professional formation of the students, as it’s to head for, won’t be enough to reduce the enormous social inequalities and that the consolidation of different schooling projects, in a same education public network, could lead to a refined and perverse selective process, setting up a regress in the slow trajectory of the consolidation of education as a right.Keywords: Right to Education. High School. Technical and Professional Formation. ResumenEl objetivo de este artículo, al analizar la Ley nº 13.415/2017, que propone cambios en la carga horaria, en el elenco y en la distribución de los contenidos de las disciplinas de la escuela secundaria, es se identificar si, y cómo, ella contribuye a la garantía de la oferta de la enseñanza media, teniendo en cuenta los intereses de los estudiantes de las escuelas públicas.  Se trata de un ensayo que, dialogando con autores como Krawczik (2011) y Moehlecke (2012), por ejemplo, utiliza como referencia el derecho constitucional a la educación, en su plenitud y, como telón de fondo, el actual escenario político. Las cuestiones aquí abordadas se vinculan a los cambios curriculares propuestos y a las condiciones de su implementación, lo que incluye el necesario financiamiento.  Las elaboraciones finales indican que gran parte de las promesas que justificaron su enderezo pueden no ser cumplidas, que los reales problemas de las escuelas secundarias públicas no serán resueltos, simplemente, por la flexibilización curricular, que la formación técnica y profesional discente, como está enderezada, no será suficiente para reducir las enormes desigualdades sociales y que la consolidación de proyectos de educación distintos, en una misma red pública de educación, se constituirá en un refinado y perverso proceso de selección, caracterizando un retroceso en la lenta trayectoria de validación de la educación como un derecho. Palabras clave: Derecho a la Educación. Educación Secundaria. Formación Técnica y Profesional.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 506
Author(s):  
İsmail Yücedağ ◽  
Nurgün Koç

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Education passed through a wide range of reform movements like other institutions in Ottoman Emire during XIX century. The era of Abdülhamit II is especially prominent regarding educational reforms. A number of important steps were taken during his reign to improve education such as building new schools, effort to increase the number of students, more participation of girls in education and teaching, use of modern tools and techniques etc. This period was also characterized by the development of nation-states that were started to be established under the influence of the nationalist movement. Some cultural privileges were given to the Balkan peoples, such as Greeks, Bulgarians, Serbs, and Vlachs, who had revolted against the Ottoman Empire to keep them binding with the state. The right to education was one of those important privileges. Indeed, non-Muslims who had already educated in their own tongues and schools had begun to use their studies of language and education more in shaping their cultural identities in this period. At this point, it can be said that the Albanians were more backward than the other Balkan peoples, because unlike the other Balkan nations, though they were in an ethnic union but having more religious pluralism (Muslim, Orthodox Christian, and Catholic Christian) in their society. Therefore, the demand of Albanians from the Ottoman State for their education with their own tongues has only emerged from the beginning of the 1900s. The Ottoman central government looked favorably on these requests and considered the right to education in mother tongue as a constitutional right for them. However, the Albanians could not have a consensus that should their education in the mother tongue be in Turkish (Arabic) letters or Latin alphabet. This was also a reflection of the cultural differences in Albanians.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>XIX. yüzyılda Osmanlı Devleti’nde diğer bütün alanlarda olduğu gibi eğitimde de geniş reform hareketleri içine girilmiştir. Yüzyılın son çeyreğinde, özellikle II. Abdülhamit döneminde eğitimle ilgili reformlar öne çıkmaktadır. Okul yapımı, öğrenci sayısının arttırılması çabası, kız öğrencilerin eğitim ve öğretime daha fazla katılması, modern araç- gereç ve tekniklerin kullanılması vb. çalışmalar dikkat çekmektedir. Bu dönem aynı zamanda milliyetçilik akımının güç kazandığı ve belli ölçüde başarıya ulaştığı bir dönemdir. Osmanlı Devleti’ne karşı ayaklanan başta Rumlar, Bulgarlar, Sırplar, Ulahlar gibi Balkan halklarının devletten kopmasını engellemek için onlara birtakım kültürel ayrıcalıklar verilmiştir. Ana dilde eğitim hakkı da bunlardan biridir. Esasen daha öncesinde de kendi dillerinde ve okullarında eğitim gören gayrimüslim halklar, bu dönemde dil ve eğitim ile ilgili çalışmalarını daha çok kültürel kimliklerin şekillendirilmesi için kullanmaya başlamışlardır. Bu noktada Arnavutların diğer Balkan halklarına göre daha geri planda kaldığı söylenebilir. Çünkü diğerlerinden farklı olarak etnik yönden bir olsalar da dini yönden ayrışım içindeydiler (Müslüman, Ortodoks Hristiyan ve Katolik Hristiyan). Bu yüzden Arnavutların Osmanlı Devleti’nden kendi dilleri ile eğitim talebi ancak 1900’lü yılların başlarından itibaren karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu taleplere Osmanlı merkezi olumlu bakmış ve ana dilde eğitim talebini anayasadan kaynaklanan bir hak olarak görmüştür. Fakat Arnavutlar kendi içlerinde anadilde eğitimin Arapça harflerle mi yoksa Latin alfabesiyle mi olması konusunda bir uzlaşıya varamamışlardır. Bu durum da Arnavutlardaki kültürel farklılığın bir yansımasıdır.</p>


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