scholarly journals Effects of Marination with Different Salt Concentrations on Some Quality Criteria of Beef Meat

Author(s):  
Buket ER DEMİRHAN ◽  
Burak DEMİRHAN

In the present study, the effect of different salt concentrations on some quality properties such as the total number of coliform bacteria, texture, cooking loss, total salt content, metmyoglobin, pH, the water activity of steaks prepared from longissimus dorsi muscle of fresh beef was investigated. For this purpose, steaks prepared from longissimus dorsi muscle were dipped in marination brine in four different concentrations; 0% (control group), 1.5% NaCl, 2% NaCl and 2.5% NaCl, and marinated for 24 hours at +4 °C. The initial crude protein, crude fat, pH, moisture, and ash contents of beef were determined as 20.50%, 5.80%, 6.13, 72.63%, 1.07%, respectively. In the cooked meat samples, the hardness, chewiness and gumminess of the samples marinated with 1.5% and 2% NaCl was found to be higher than the control group. Metmyoglobin content of the meat samples marinated with NaCl is lower than the control group. The results revealed that the total number of coliform bacteria decreased drastically in parallel with the increase in salt concentration. As a result, the changes in the quality of the bovine longissimus dorsi muscle with different salt concentrations and marination were investigated, and positive effects on the textural properties and coliform bacterial load of the meat were observed.

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 334-334
Author(s):  
Zhi-wen Song ◽  
Cheng-long Jin ◽  
Mao Ye ◽  
Chun-qi Gao ◽  
Hui-chao Yan ◽  
...  

Abstract Apoptosis is programmed cell death that can be stimulated by external stress or nutrition restrictions. Lysine (Lys) is an essential amino acid for pig growth, and the relationship between Lys deficiency caused apoptosis and inhibition of skeletal muscle growth remains unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate whether apoptosis could be regulated by Lys supplementation and the potential mechanism. In current work, 30 male Duroc × Landrace × Large weaned piglets were divided randomly into 3 groups: control group (Lys 1.30%), Lys deficiency group (Lys 0.86%), and Lys rescue group (Lys 0.86%, 0-14d; 1.30%,15–28 d). The experiment lasted for 28 days, and on the morning of 29 d, piglets were slaughtered to collect samples. Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) proteomics analysis of the longissimus dorsi muscle showed that Janus family tyrosine kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway was involved in Lys deficiency-induced apoptosis and inhibited skeletal muscle growth. Meanwhile, western blotting results of the longissimus dorsi muscle demonstrated that Lys deficiency caused apoptosis (P < 0.05) with the JAK2-STAT3 pathway inhibition (P < 0.05). Interestingly, apoptosis was suppressed (P < 0.05), and the JAK2-STAT3 pathway was reactivated (P < 0.05) after Lys re-supplementation in longissimus dorsi muscle. In addition, results of satellite cells (SCs) isolated from the longissimus dorsi muscle of 5-day-old Landrace piglets showed that Lys deficiency-induced apoptosis (P < 0.05) was mediated by the JAK2-STAT3 pathway inhibition (P < 0.05). Moreover, the JAK2-STAT3 pathway was reactivated (P < 0.05) by Lys re-supplementation and suppressed apoptosis in SCs (P < 0.05), and this effect was blocked (P < 0.05) after SCs treated with AG-490 (a specific inhibitor of JAK2). Collectively, Lys inhibited apoptosis in SCs to govern skeletal muscle growth via the JAK2-STAT3 pathway.


2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. e0603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen De Jesús ◽  
Rubén Domínguez ◽  
Jesús Cantalapiedra ◽  
Antonio Iglesias ◽  
José M. Lorenzo

The effect of including chestnuts in the formulation of the feed on carcass characteristics and meat quality from 24 castrated males Celta pigs was studied. The inclusion of 15% of chestnut (CH15) improved (p<0.01) the carcass (118 vs. about 104 kg) and live weights (149 vs. 133-139 kg). Killing out percentage was also better for chestnuts groups than for control group. With regards the morphometric parameters, there were no statistically significant (p>0.05) differences except for the carcass length and ham length, for which the CH15 group proved to be the group with the longest sizes. The diet did not affect the physicochemical properties (colour parameters, water holding capacity and shear force) of longissimus dorsi muscle. The composition of some fatty acids of the longissimus dorsi muscle was affected by diet. The total saturated (35-38%) and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (8-10%) did not present differences. However, the increase of chestnut in the diet increased (p<0.05) the monounsaturated fatty acids in intramuscular fat (57% in CH25 vs. 53% in control and CH15). Within monounsaturated fatty acids, the C18:1n9 was the most influenced by the diet. The expression of the enzyme that synthesizes C18:1n9 depend on the composition of the diet. Therefore, the lower content of protein and the higher amounts of C18:1n9 and C18:2n6 in the chestnut could be explaining the greater content of C18:1n9 in muscle of chestnut-fed animals. The main conclusion is that including chestnuts in the diet would allow reduce production costs with no effect or even improving carcass measurements and meat quality.


2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 742-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Ho Jo ◽  
Dong Qiao Peng ◽  
Won Seob Kim ◽  
Seong Jin Kim ◽  
Na Yeon Kim ◽  
...  

Objective: This study investigated the effects of vitamin A (VA) supplementation during late-stage pregnancy on longissimus dorsi muscle tissue development, birth traits, and growth performance of postnatal Korean native calves.Methods: In the preliminary experiment, twenty-six pregnant cattle (initial body weight [BW] = 319 kg (standard deviation [SD] = 30.1; 1st parity) were randomly assigned to the control and treatment groups. The treatment group received VA supplementation at 24,000 IU/d from gestational day 225 until delivery. In the main experiment, twelve pregnant cattle (initial BW = 317 kg [SD = 31.3]; 1st parity) were treated with VA supplementation at 24,000 IU/d (gestational days 150 to 225) and at 78,000 IU/d (gestational day 225 until delivery). Serum VA levels were analyzed in pregnant cattle, and the growth performance, gene expression, and serum VA levels were analyzed in the offspring.Results: Serum VA levels in pregnant cattle decreased the late gestation in both experiments (p<0.001). In the main experiment, pregnant cattle at parturition and offspring at birth in the treatment group had higher serum VA levels than those in the control group (p<0.05). In the treatment groups, an increased birth weight was observed in the main experimental group (p = 0.022), and a tendency (p = 0.088) toward an increased birth weight was observed in the preliminary experimental group. However, no differences were observed in the feed intake, average daily gain, gain-to-feed ratio, or BW of 31-day-old calves. Gene expression was analyzed in longissimus dorsi muscles of 31-day-old calves. VA supplementation in pregnant cattle stimulated postnatal muscle development in offspring by elevating myogenic factor 5 (MYF5), MYF6, and myoblast determination levels (p<0.05). Moreover, preadipocyte-related marker genes such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 and krüppel-like factor 2 were higher in the treatment group than in the control group (p<0.05).Conclusion: VA supplementation (78,000 IU/d) in late-stage pregnant cattle maintained serum VA levels. In addition, 78,000 IU/d VA supplementation increased the birth weight and expression of genes related to muscle and preadipocyte development in offspring. Overall, 78,000 IU/d VA supplementation in pregnant cattle is beneficial to newborn calves.


2020 ◽  
pp. 140-153

To investigate the effectiveness of adding lemon peels and pulp extracts on some quality properties and shelf-life of the sheep longisimussdorsi muscle during refrigerated storage at 4±1°C for 0, 4, and 8 days for this purpose am meat trim of visible fat and connective tissue, they cut in small cubes. The meat samples divide into four equal proportions and mix with different concentrations of lemon peel and pulp extract according to the following formulations: Control; T1 1%; T2 2% and T3 3% of lemon peel and pulp extract, by applied immersion method. The results showed acceptable results of moisture content, Water-holding capacity cooking loss, thiobarbituric acid, met-myoglobin, myoglobin, and sensory traits of the samples treated with lemon peel in comparison to the control group. The phiso-chemical traits changed during the storage periods but the meat sample treated with lemon extract was more stable than control groups. These results suggested that using lemon peels and pulp extracts to maintain physio-chemical properties of ram meat and extend shelf-life during refrigerated storage, which may have implications of meat processors.


1960 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-809
Author(s):  
D. J. Matthews ◽  
R. A. Merkel ◽  
J. D. Wheat ◽  
R. F. Cox

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 713-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyu Tao ◽  
Tianjiao Zhou ◽  
Perot Saelao ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Yuhua Zhu ◽  
...  

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) remains a major problem in swine production since the associated low birth weight leads to high rates of pre-weaning morbidity and mortality, and permanent retardation of growth and development. The underlying regulatory mechanisms from the aspects of epigenetic modification has received widespread attention. Studies explore the changes in genome wide methylation in small intestine (SI), liver and longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) between IUGR and normal birth weight (NBW) newborn piglets using a methylated DNA immunoprecipitation-sequencing (MeDIP-Seq) approach. The data demonstrated that methylated peaks were prominently distributed in distal intergenic regions and the quantities of peaks in IUGR piglets were more than that of NBW piglets. IUGR piglets had relatively high methylated level in promoters, introns and coding exons in all the three tissues. Through KEGG pathway analysis of differentially methylated genes found that 33, 54 and 5 differentially methylated genes in small intestine, liver and longissimus dorsi muscle between NBW and IUGR piglets, respectively, which are related to development and differentiation, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, protein turnover, immune response, detoxification, oxidative stress and apoptosis pathway. The objective of this review is to assess the impact of differentially methylation status on developmental delay, metabolic disorders and immune deficiency of IUGR piglets.


2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 241-242
Author(s):  
Yongjie Wang ◽  
Keshari Thakali ◽  
Sarah Shelby ◽  
Jason Apple ◽  
Yan Huang

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the meat quality and genomic differences between cross-bred commercial pig (CP) and domestic Large Black pig (BP). Seven cross-bred commercial pigs and eight British Large Black pigs were assigned to CP group and BP group, with initial mean body weights of 18.82±1.412 kg for CP group and 23.31±1.935 kg for BP group, P = 0.061, and fed ad libitum. The final BW of the CP at d101 was similar to the BP (130.0±8.16 kg vs. 121.1±2.80 kg, P = 0.132). However, the BP group took 108 days to reach the final BW. The ADG in the CP was higher than BP (1.102±0.0599 kg vs. 0.905±0.0138 kg, P = 0.003). The hot carcass weight of CP was higher (P &lt; 0.01) than BP, but the backfat of BP was higher (P &lt; 0.01) than CP. The a* value of CP was higher (P &lt; 0.05) than BP, and the c* value of CP was tended to be higher (P &lt; 0.10) than BP. However, the h value of BP was higher (P &lt; 0.05) than CP. The longissimus dorsi muscle fat content of BP was higher (P &lt; 0.05) than CP. For the fatty acid composition, the SFA and MUFA of BP were higher (P &lt; 0.05) than CP, but the PUFA of CP was higher (P &lt; 0.05) than BP. The metmyoglobin content of CP was tended to be higher (P &lt; 0.10) than BP. For the meat metabolism, the oxygen consumption of longissimus dorsi muscle of BP was higher (P &lt; 0.01) than CP. The RNA-Seq data showed that the expression of the genes related to lipid metabolism is higher in BP (fold change &gt; 3, P &lt; 0.05). To conclude, BP has higher meat quality, while CP has its advantages in growth performance. And the differences between these two breeds may due to the genomic diversity.


Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 915
Author(s):  
Johanna Dietrich ◽  
Stephan Handschuh ◽  
Robert Steidl ◽  
Alexandra Böhler ◽  
Gerhard Forstenpointner ◽  
...  

As the longissimus dorsi muscle is the largest muscle in the equine back, it has great influence on the stability of the spine and facilitates proper locomotion. The longissimus muscle provides support to the saddle and rider and thereby influences performance in the horse. Muscular dysfunction has been associated with back disorders and decline of performance. In general, muscle function is determined by its specific intramuscular architecture. However, only limited three-dimensional metrical data are available for the inner organisation of the equine longissimus dorsi muscle. Therefore, we aimed at investigating the inner architecure of the equine longissimus. The thoracic and lumbar longissimus muscles of five formalin-fixed cadaveric horse backs of different ages and body types were dissected layerwise from cranial to caudal. Three-dimensional coordinates along individual muscle fibre bundles were recorded using a digitisation tool (MicroScribe®), to capture their origin, insertion and general orientation. Together with skeletal data from computed tomography (CT) scans, 3D models were created using imaging software (Amira). For further analysis, the muscle was divided into functional compartments during preparation and morphometric parameters, such as the muscle fascicle length, pennation angles to the sagittal and horizontal planes, muscle volume and the physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA), were determined. Fascicle length showed the highest values in the thoracic region and decreased from cranial to caudal, with the cranial lumbar compartment showing about 75% of cranial fascicle length, while in most caudal compartments, fascicle length was less than 50% of the fascicle length in thoracic compartments. The pennation angles to the horizontal plane show that there are differences between compartments. In most cranial compartments, fascicles almost run parallel to the horizontal plane (mean angle 0°), while in the caudal compartment, the angles increase up to a mean angle of 38°. Pennation angles to the sagittal plane varied not only between compartments but also within compartments. While in the thoracic compartments, the fascicles run nearly parallel to the spine, in the caudal compartments, the mean angles range from 0–22°. The muscle volume ranged from 1350 cm3 to 4700 cm3 depending on body size. The PCSA ranged from 219 cm2 to 700 cm2 depending on the muscle volume and mean fascicle length. In addition to predictable individual differences in size parameters, there are obvious systemic differences within the muscle architecture along the longissimus muscle which may affect its contraction behaviour. The obtained muscle data lay the anatomical basis for a specific biomechanical model of the longissimus muscle, to simulate muscle function under varying conditions and in comparison to other species.


Meat Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Cluff ◽  
Govindarajan Konda Naganathan ◽  
Jeyamkondan Subbiah ◽  
Ashok Samal ◽  
Chris R. Calkins

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