scholarly journals Dental findings on face and neck imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Isabela dos Santos Alves ◽  
Daniela Ferreira Vieira Vendramini ◽  
Claudia da Costa Leite ◽  
Eloisa Maria Mello Santiago Gebrim ◽  
Ula Lindoso Passos

Abstract When it is necessary to evaluate dental structures, the typical method is to obtain intraoral or panoramic X-rays at specialized dental clinics. However, in the daily practice of head and neck radiology, or even general radiology, it is common to encounter clinical situations or examination findings related to dental problems that should not be ignored. Because such problems can often be responsible for the clinical complaints of patients, this review aims to assist radiologists in identifying and describing common dental conditions on computed tomography of paranasal sinuses, face, and neck. It is important for radiologists to have knowledge of dental arch anatomy and its relationships with facial structures, as well as of major dental pathologies, including periapical sclerotic lesions, odontogenic cysts, fistulas, and abscesses, together with knowledge of incidental findings without clinical repercussions, which should be easily identified and stressed by the radiologist when necessary. The imaging methods most commonly used in evaluation of paranasal sinuses and face are computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Those methods allow radiologists to recognize and become familiar with the main dental findings. The description of such findings by a radiologist can lead to a change in treatment strategy.

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-59
Author(s):  
Lalitha Shankar ◽  
Kate Evans ◽  
Thomas R. Marotta ◽  
Eugene Yu ◽  
Michael Hawke ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (05) ◽  
pp. 561-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Vanhoenacker ◽  
Jacob Jaremko ◽  
Lennart Jans ◽  
Nele Herregods

AbstractHip disorders are common in children. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are important because of the potential complications. Symptoms are frequently nonspecific, and clinical examination can be difficult and unreliable, especially in smaller children. Therefore, imaging can be valuable. Radiography and ultrasound remain the initial imaging modalities of choice. Increasingly, magnetic resonance imaging is obtained for assessing the pediatric hip, although the long imaging time and need for sedation may limit its use in daily practice. Because of the exposure to ionizing radiation, the use of computed tomography and bone scintigraphy in children is limited to selected cases. Pediatric hip pathology varies depending on patient age. This article provides an overview of common hip pathologies in children including congenital and developmental pathologies, trauma, infectious processes, inflammatory disease, and neoplasm. The age of the child, history, and clinical examination are essential to narrow down the differential diagnosis and subsequent selection of the appropriate imaging modality.


Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1058
Author(s):  
Andrea Cimini ◽  
Maria Ricci ◽  
Paola Elda Gigliotti ◽  
Luca Pugliese ◽  
Agostino Chiaravalloti ◽  
...  

Schistosomiasis is one of the most important parasitic diseases and it is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas. Clinical and laboratory data are fundamental for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis, but diagnostic imaging techniques such as x-rays, ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) may be helpful in the evaluation of disease severity and complications. In this context, the aim of this review is to explore the actual role of diagnostic imaging in the diagnosis of schistosomiasis, underlining advantages and drawbacks providing information about the utilization of diagnostic imaging techniques in this context. Furthermore, we aim to provide a useful guide regarding imaging features of schistosomiasis for radiology and nuclear medicine physicians of non-endemic countries: in fact, in the last years non-endemic countries have experienced important flows of migrants from endemic areas, therefore it is not uncommon to face cases of this disease in daily practice.


Author(s):  
Saadet Sena Egeli ◽  
Yalcin Isler

Discovery of X-Rays is the beginning point of the medical imaging which developed and diversified in years. Since early days of X-Ray discovery they are used in also for imaging of teeth, in 1896, Dr. Otto Walkhoff imaged his mouth with X-Ray exposure. X-Rays helped the dentists to diagnose tooth decays and bone loss, examine dental structures and identify abnormalities of these structures. Today developments in technology resulted in different imaging techniques, X-Rays are used for Projectional Radiography and Computed Tomography, besides there are Nuclear Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasound Imaging that widely used. In this review, imaging techniques for dental applications with the extension of artificial intelligence is examined to provide a brief information.


2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00043
Author(s):  
Elena Lyubchenko ◽  
Irina Bondarenko ◽  
Tatyana Timofeeva

To diagnose hip dysplasia, you can use a test system, the essence of which is to create a subhabitation in the hip joint of the dog, laid on the side, while there is a click in the joint, which means that the test is positive, while the pressure on the knee joint of the hip joint does not happen. The most common method of diagnosing dysplasia worldwide is X-ray, in which the age of the dogs studied should be more than a year, and large and giant breeds are studied in the range of one to one and a half years, with the animal laid on the back so that the X-ray image shows the pelvis with the wings of the iliac bone and femurs, including the knee joints, therefore, it is also necessary to use sedation, which allows you to comply with all the requirements for styling. The resulting X-rays are assessed according to the main Xray characteristics of the hip joint, taking measurements on six parameters presented in the text of this article, and determining the type of dysplasia. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can reveal the instability of the pathology in the hip joint and improve understanding of the disease process.


2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 151-151
Author(s):  
D. Choi

In cervical trauma, x-rays may require supplementation with dynamic x-rays, computed-tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A normal cervical x-ray does not always imply cervical stability. The mechanism of injury, symptoms and signs help to indicate whether further imaging is required. We report a patient with a fracture of the atlas that was not diagnosed by plain radiology, but seen on CT.


2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly I. M. van den Ende ◽  
Renée Keijsers ◽  
Michel P. J. van den Bekerom ◽  
Denise Eygendaal

Background Diagnosing capitellar osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) can be difficult, causing delay in treating young athletes. The main aim of this retrospective diagnostic study was to determine which radiological technique is preferred to identify and classify elbow OCD. Methods We identified young patients who underwent elbow arthroscopy because of symptomatic OCD. We included all patients who had pre-operative radiographs, a computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) available. We assessed whether the osteochondral lesion could be identified using the various imaging modalities. All lesions were classified according to previous classifications for X-ray, CT and MRI, respectively. These results were compared with findings at arthroscopy. Results Twenty-five patients had pre-operative radiographs as well as CT scans and MRI. In six patients, the lesion was not visible on standard X-ray. In 20 patients, one or two loose bodies were found during surgery, consistent with an unstable lesion. Pre-operatively, this was seen on 11 X-rays, 13 MRIs and 18 CT scans. Conclusions Capitellar OCD lesions are not always visible on standard X-rays. A CT appears to be the preferred imaging technique to confirm diagnosis of OCD. Loose bodies are often missed, especially on standard X-rays and MRIs.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1459-1465
Author(s):  
Changi Kim ◽  
Junghun Han ◽  
Giwon Yoon ◽  
Dongjin Kim ◽  
Sejung Yang

An arthroscope is a tool for allowing an endoscope to be inserted directly into the inside of a joint to observe its structure, in contrast to X-rays, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, which directly capture pictures of a joint. Therefore, it can effectively treat joint diseases by identifying causes of pain that are not found by, e.g., computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. However, joint endoscopy has a very high cost, is very burdensome for patients, and has problems in regards to infection when being re-used. Thus, we developed disposable joint endoscopic camera modules for preventing re-use and infection, and researched approaches to reducing patient waiting times and cost burdens. In that regard, it is necessary to improve the brightness and color of the images, as they are used for compacting and disposal of the camera modules. In addition, we studied methods for improving automatic images, as image colors may vary (owing to blood or other foreign substances) when observed using the arthroscope. The proposed framework is divided into two sequences. First, we perform a histogram modification algorithm as an image enhancement technique. This results in a brightness optimization effect on the arthroscopic image. Second, we conduct a high saturation color mapping before proceeding to the next step. In particular, one of the reference points for diagnosing a disease is color information; thus, the improvement of color saturation is considered first in the color mapping. The proposed method provides better brightness values while preserving color information.


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