scholarly journals Control of Microdochium albescens in pre-germinated and dryland rice seeds

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Tabarelli Scheidt ◽  
Evandro Zacca Ferreira ◽  
Flávio Chupel Martins ◽  
Juliano Berghetti ◽  
Marília Michalski De Pieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Cultivation Systems ◽  
Rice Seeds ◽  
Potato Sucrose Agar

ABSTRACT: The fungus Microdochium albescens can interfere in the germination of seeds and in the death of rice seedlings; however, there is not technical indication for its control by seed treatment. This research evaluated the efficiency of fungicides in the treatment of pre-germinated and dryland rice seeds in the control of M. albescens. Seeds of the cultivars, Epagri 109, SCS116 Satoru, SCS121 CL and SCS122 Miura were treated with the following fungicides (g a.i./100 kg of seeds): fluazinam + thiophanate methyl (9.45 + 63), pyraclostrobin + thiophanate methyl (5 + 45), carboxin + thiram (60 + 60), metalaxyl-M + thiabendazole + fludioxonil (3 + 22.5 + 3.75), carbendazim + thiram (45 + 105), carbendazim (45). Seeds without fungicide treatment constituted the control. The treated seeds were sown in potato-sucrose-agar (PSA) culture medium and incubated at 25 ± 2 °C and photoperiod of 12 hours for 14 days. Treated seeds were also submitted to the germination test. Fluazinam + thiophanate methyl and metalaxyl-M + thiabendazole + fludioxonil showed greater control of M. albescens, not differing statistically between them, in the five cultivars and in the two cultivation systems. The tested fungicides provided seed germination above 90% in the four cultivars.

scholarly journals Fungicide Seed Treatment Effects on Seedling Damping-off of Pumpkin Caused by Phytophthora capsici

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Babadoost ◽  
S. Z. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Damping Off

Apron XL LS (mefenoxam) and Allegiance FL (metalaxyl) were highly inhibitory to growth of mycelium of Phytophthora capsici in vitro. Effective dose (ED50) of mefenoxam and metalaxyl for 50% inhibition of mycelial growth, for all five isolates of P. capsici tested, was 0.98 and 0.99 μg a.i./ml of culture medium, respectively. For mefenoxam at 200 μg a.i./ml, sporangium and zoospore germination were reduced by 92 and 96%, respectively, and 21 and 24%, respectively, for metalaxyl. In greenhouse studies, seed treatment with mefenoxam (0.42 ml of Apron XL LS/kg of seed) and metalaxyl (0.98 ml of Allegiance FL/kg of seed) significantly reduced pre- and post-emergence damping-off of seedlings caused by P. capsici in three pumpkin cultivars (Dickinson, Hybrid-401, and Hybrid-698) tested. Thirty-one days after seeding, at inoculum levels of 0, 90, 600, 1,400, and 4,000 CFU/g of soil, the average seedling stands for mefenoxam treatment were 98.4, 93.8, 88.3, 77.8, and 64.8%; for metalaxyl, 99.1, 85.3, 85.8, 73.5, and 59.3; and for the untreated control, 97.5, 55.2, 45.7, 37.0, and 22.9%, respectively. In field trials, the average seedling stands 35 days after seeding were 76.7, 74.7, and 44.9% for mefenoxam, metalaxyl, and untreated control, respectively. Seed treatment with mefenoxam or metalaxyl did not have any significant effect on either seed germination or seedling vigor.

scholarly journals Fungal and seed treatment interference in the viability of coriander seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-382
Author(s):  
Gizele Ingrid Gadotti ◽  
Raimunda Nonata O da Silva ◽  
Cândida Renata J de Farias ◽  
Joseano G da Silva ◽  
Henrique L Padão
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Physiological Performance ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Health Test ◽  
Tetrazolium Test ◽  
Coriander Seed

ABSTRACT The determination of the sanitary quality is important to diagnose if the commercialized lots are free of pathogens and to make a decision about the need for seed treatment. The objective was to evaluate the interference of fungi associated with coriander seed lots in their physiological performance and the effect of seed treatment with the fungicide Metalaxyl-m + Fludioxonil. The study was carried out in two steps. In experiment I, the physiological potential and sanitary characterization of 18 coriander seed lots were evaluated, using the tests, water content, tetrazolium test and health test. In experiment II, we evaluated the physiological performance of coriander seeds with and without fungicide treatment using the first count and germination test. Coriander seed lots showed high physiological potential, however, not all lots expressed their maximum potential in the germination test without treatment, due to the negative effect of fungi associated with seeds, mainly A. dauci and in association with A. alternata. There was an improvement in the physiological performance of coriander seeds treated with Metalaxyl-m + Fludioxonil fungicide.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Fungicidal Seed Treatments on Growth and Yield Parameters of Green Gram

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 094-100
Author(s):  
A. J. Deshmukh ◽  
◽  
A. N. Sabalpara ◽  
V. A. Patil ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Yield Parameters

The experiment was conducted to perceive the effect of fungicidal seed treatment on growth and yield parameters of green gram cv. GM-3 with nine different fungicides. The results revealed that dry seed treatment with either mix formulation of carbendazim+mancozeb or thiophanate methyl or carbendazim @ 2.5 g kg-1 seeds is very effective in field to get maximum seed germination, better plant growth, root growth, yield parameters and yield. Seed germination was maximum in dry seed treatment with carbendazim + mancozeb (83.85%) which was statistically at par with thiophanate methyl (83.58%), carbendazim (82.53%) and captan (80.77%). Plant height was maximum in dry seed treatment in mixed formulation carbendazim+mancozeb (41.53 cm) which was statistically at par with thiophanate methyl (39.91 cm), carbendazim (39.67 cm) and captan (37.00 cm). Average numbers of pods plant-1 were maximum in dry seed treatment with carbendazim+mancozeb (12.33) which was statistically at par with thiophanate methyl (12.17), carbendazim (11.90), captan (11.85), thiram (11.58) and difenconazole (11.09). Average numbers of seeds pod-1 was maximum in dry seed treatment with carbendazim+mancozeb (7.58) which was statistically at par with thiophanate methyl (7.48), carbendazim (7.31), captan (7.28) and thiram (7.12). The pooled data of two years indicated that grain yield was significantly higher in dry seed treatment with carbendazim + mancozeb (818.40 kg ha-1) as compared to the rest but was statistically at par with thiophanate methyl (790.73 kg ha-1) and carbendazim (771.35 kg ha-1) followed by all the other treatments.

scholarly journals Fungi on irrigated rice seeds produced in the pre-germinated system in the Alto Vale do Itajaí region, Santa Catarina state, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Tabarelli Scheidt ◽  
Juliano Berghetti ◽  
Flávio Chupel Martins ◽  
Ricardo Trezzi Casa ◽  
Welliton Recalcatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Bipolaris Oryzae ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Agar Culture ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Rice Seeds ◽  
Potato Sucrose Agar ◽  
Santa Catarina State

ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to identify and quantify fungi infecting irrigated rice seeds produced in the 2015/16, 2016/17 and 2017/18 harvests in the pre-germinated system in the Alto Vale do Itajaí Region, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. A total of 479 lots of eight cultivars were analyzed. Seeds were disinfected and sown in potato-sucrose-agar culture medium with incubation for seven days at 25ºC ± 2ºC and photoperiod of 12 hours. The main fungus detected in the three crops season was Microdochium albescens with 54.9% of average incidence, followed by Alternaria padwikii (7.7%) and Bipolaris oryzae (3.3%).

scholarly journals Transmission of Microdochium albescens from seeds to seedlings in the pre-germinated cultivation system of irrigated rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Tabarelli Scheidt ◽  
Jaquelini Garcia ◽  
Ricardo Trezzi Casa ◽  
Cileide Maria Medeiros Coelho ◽  
Amauri Bogo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
Agar Culture ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
True Leaf ◽  
Seed System ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Potato Sucrose Agar

ABSTRACT: The fungus Microdochium albescens is one of the main pathogens associated with irrigated rice seeds in southern Brazil. The objective of the present study was to quantify the transmission of M. albescens from naturally infected seeds to the crown, coleoptile, and first true leaf of the seedlings of six cultivars growing in pre-germinated cultivation system of irrigated rice. Seeding was carried out on a water-saturated substrate, using four untreated seed lots for each of the six cultivars. At 14 days after sowing, the crown, coleoptile, and first true leaf of the seedlings were carefully highlighted, and the samples were disinfected and plated onto potato-sucrose-agar culture medium. M. albescens was transmitted asymptomatically to crown, coleoptile, and first true leaf, at rates of 39.3%, 25.8%, and 5.4%, respectively (these values represent the average incidence of the six cultivars). This is the first report that proves that M. albescens is transmitted from infected seeds to irrigated rice seedlings in a pre-germinated seed system.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Syngonanthus elegantulus

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Gomes Pêgo ◽  
Patrícia Duarte de Oliveira Paiva ◽  
Renato Paiva
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Nutrient Addition ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Endangered Status ◽  
Number Of Shoots

The species Syngonanthus elegantulus Ruhland is an important native plant used as cut flowers, but extractive exploration has caused the endangered status of this plant. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish a protocol of the micropropagation of S. elegantulus. To this end, seed germination was tested in media containing different concentrations of WPM salts. For plantlet establishment, MS and WPM media were evaluated with 50 and 100% of the salt concentrations. Different the sucrose levels in the WPM medium were also evaluated. For multiplication, the plantlets were inoculated in WPM media with 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg L-1 TDZ and 0.0, 0.5 and 1.0 mg L-1 NAA in all possible combinations. The pre-acclimatization effect was tested in the plantlets using the following substrates: sand, PlantmaxTM and vermiculite. The concentration of the medium did not influence the percentage of germination, but the germination speed index was inversely proportional to the nutrient addition to the culture medium. The best medium for plantlet establishment was WPM at the original salt concentration plus 17 g L-1 sucrose. The addition of 0.5 and 1.0 mg L-1 NAA is recommended for callus induction. The highest number of shoots was obtained in the presence of 1.0 mg L-1 TDZ or the combination of 1.0 mg L-1 TDZ with 0.5 mg L-1 NAA. S. elegantulus presented higher survival when acclimatized directly in sand.

scholarly journals Evaluation of insecticidal seed treatments against white grub Holotrichia consanguinea Blachard infesting groundnut

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
Bhut JB ◽  
◽  
Jethva DM ◽  
Naggana R ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
White Grub ◽  
Seed Treatments

Field experiment on evaluation of insecticidal seed treatments against white grub Holotrichia consanguinea Blachard infesting groundnut was conducted during kharif 2018 and 2019 at farmers field. The nine insecticides evaluated as seed treatment against white grub infesting groundnut, the lowest per cent plant morality and number of grub/m2 was observed in treatment of clothianidin 50 WDG @ 2 g a.i. /kg and imidacloprid 40 + fipronil 40 WG @ 3 g a.i. /kg. These treatments were produced 2329 and 2296 yield of pod, 3970 & 3780 kg/ha yield of halum, respectively. Increased in yield over control in these treatments was recorded 57.79 and 55.56 per cent in pod, 76.29 and 64.65 per cent in halum. Whereas avoidable yield loss recorded of these treatments was recorded 36.63 and 35.71 per cent in pod, 43.27 and 39.27 per cent in halum. However, the highest 1:28.32 NICRB was recorded in treatment of chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 30 ml a.i. /kg. The NICRB of clothianidin 50 WDG @ 2 g a.i. /kg and imidacloprid 40 + fipronil 40 WG @ 3 g a.i. /kg were recorded 1:14.95 and 1:9.20, respectively. The evaluated insecticides had no adverse effect on seed germination

scholarly journals Seed germination and antioxidant enzyme activity in seedlings of diploid and tetraploid bahiagrass under water restriction

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Streck Bortolin ◽  
Alfredo José Salinas-Arcienega ◽  
Yutcelia Carolina Galviz-Fajardo ◽  
Luciano do Amarante ◽  
Carlos Eduardo da Silva Pedroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Growth Activity ◽  
Higher Temperature

ABSTRACT: The objective of the following research was to investigate the physiological responses of two bahiagrass genotypes (Paspalum notatum Flügge) submitted to water restriction, induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG6000), during seed germination. Seeds of cv. Pensacola (diploid) and Bagual ecotype (tetraploid) were placed on paper moistened with osmotic solutions at potentials of 0.0; -0.1; -0.2 and -0.3 MPa. Composed of two subsamples of 100 seeds and four experimental units per treatment, the germination test was conducted in a germination chamber under alternating temperatures of 30 °C (8 hours) and 20 °C (16 hours), with presence of light during the higher temperature. Final germination percentage and germination speed index of the seeds, as well as early growth, activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes of seedlings were evaluated. The water restriction induced by PEG6000 reduced the percentage of germination in Pensacola (from 74% to 59%) and Bagual (34% to 10%). For the latter, the evaluation of seedlings showed higher dry mass in relation to cv. Pensacola (1.7 times higher in root and 1.6 times in shoot). In response to moderate water restriction, the genotypes showed increases in root growth (1.7 times higher in -0.1 compared to 0.0 MPa), both in expression and enzymatic activity (superoxide dismutase and catalase).

scholarly journals Efficacy of different fungicides and biopesticides for the management of lentil wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
KAMLESH RAM ◽  
RAMESH SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Mycelia Growth ◽  
Wilt Incidence

In Vitro and In Vivo studies on the efficacy of fungicides and biopesticides. Among the fungicides, in Carbedazim to the most effective as they have inhibited the mycelia growth completely of the test fungus, and Benomyl, Topsin - M, Ridomil,Vitavax were found the next best in inhibiting the mycelial growth of the pathogen up to 92.11% to 83.46% respectively. Sadabahar was least effective plant extracts which causes 42 mm of radial growth and inhibited the growth of the only 19.23%. In Vivo condition the maximum seed germination (95.50% and 95.33%), minimum wilt incidence (5.16% and 3.65%) and highest grain yield (10.50 q/ha and 10.35 q/ha) was found seed treatment with Carbendazim (0.2%). Among the test plant extracts Tulsi was lested effective, which show the minimum seed germination (80.00% and 77.50%), maximum wilt incidence (15.70% and 14.10%), and lowest grain yield (3.92 q/ha and 4.17 q/ha).

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