scholarly journals Ex vivo biomechanical testing of Funkquist B dorsal laminectomy between the sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae in dogs

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián Andres Sanjuan Galíndez ◽  
Bruno Watanabe Minto ◽  
Paulo Vinicius Tertuliano Marinho ◽  
Adrielly Dissenha ◽  
Dayvid Vianeis Farias de Lucena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Dorsal Laminectomy ◽  
Flexion And Extension

ABSTRACT: Dorsal laminectomy is routinely performed for spinal cord compressions or stenosis of the cervical vertebral canal. However, despite good results, relevant complications have been described in dogs. Considering the incomplete understanding of the necessity for complementary surgical stabilization after performing laminectomies in the cervical region, this study compared the resistance and range of motion (ROM) of the cervical spinal column subjected to Funkquist B laminectomy between the sixth and seventh vertebrae in dogs. Forty-four cervical vertebral columns (C2-T1) of dogs, with an average weight of 26.2±3.8 kg, were selected using radiography and computed tomography. Four experimental groups (n=11) were established according to the mechanical test: two control groups (flexion and extension control) and two laminectomy groups (flexion and extension laminectomies). Numerical results of the maximum load for measuring the resistance and ROM of the columns of the two control groups and the two laminectomy groups were compared. The laminectomy groups showed a lower maximum load, regardless of the mechanical test performed (P<0.001). The ROM was not influenced by laminectomy, the type of mechanical test (ventral flexion or extension), or its interaction (P<0.05). There was no interaction between the effect of the laminectomy factors (yes or no) and the effect of the mechanical tests for ventral flexion or extension (P<0.05). In conclusion, Funkquist B dorsal cervical laminectomy between C6 and C7 decreases mechanical resistance with a supraphysiological loading force but does not alter the ROM, suggesting that it can be used without additional mechanical stabilization in dogs.

scholarly journals Trichostatin A-Assisted Epigenomic Modulation Affects the Expression Profiles of Not Only Recombinant Human α1,2-Fucosyltransferase and α-Galactosidase A Enzymes But Also Galα1→3Gal Epitopes in Porcine Bi-Transgenic Adult Cutaneous Fibroblast Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1386
Author(s):  
Jerzy Wiater ◽  
Marcin Samiec ◽  
Maria Skrzyszowska ◽  
Daniel Lipiński
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Trichostatin A ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Fibroblast Cells ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Transgenic Pigs ◽  
Cell Tissue ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Lower Expression

This study was conducted to explore whether trichostatin A-assisted epigenomic modulation (TSA-EM) can affect the expression of not only recombinant human α1,2-fucosyltransferase (rhα1,2-FT) and α-galactosidase A (rhα-Gal A) immune system enzymes but also Galα1→3Gal epitopes in ex vivo proliferating adult cutaneous fibroblast cells (ACFCs) derived from hFUT2×hGLA bi-transgenic pigs that had been produced for the needs of future xenotransplantation efforts. The ACFC lines were treated with 50 nM TSA for 24 h and then the expression profiles of rhα1,2-FT and rhα-Gal A enzymes were analyzed by Western blot and immunofluorescence. The expression profiles of the Galα1→3Gal epitope were determined by lectin blotting and lectin fluorescence. The ACFCs derived from non-transgenic (nTG) pigs were served as the negative (TSA−) and positive (TSA+) control groups. For both hFUT2×hGLA and nTG samples, the expression levels of α1,2-FT and α-Gal A proteins in TSA+ cells were more than twofold higher in comparison to TSA− cells. Moreover, a much lower expression of the Galα1→3Gal epitopes was shown in TSA− hFUT2×hGLA cells as compared to the TSA− nTG group. Interestingly, the levels of Galα1→3Gal expression in TSA-treated hFUT2×hGLA and nTG ACFCs were significantly higher than those noticed for their TSA-untreated counterparts. Summing up, ex vivo protection of effectively selected bi-transgenic ACFC lines, in which TSA-dependent epigenetic transformation triggered the enhancements in reprogrammability and subsequent expression of hFUT2 and hGLA transgenes and their corresponding transcripts, allows for cryopreservation of nuclear donor cells, nuclear-transferred female gametes, and resultant porcine cloned embryos. The latter can be used as a cryogenically conserved genetic resource of biological materials suitable for generation of bi-transgenic cloned offspring in pigs that is targeted at biomedical research in the field of cell/tissue xenotransplantation.

scholarly journals A comparison of erect weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing radiography of the cervical spine in non-trauma patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bimali S. Weerakoon ◽  
Nimali N. Karunaratne ◽  
Winitha S. Jayasundara
Keyword(s):  
Imaging System ◽  
Computed Radiography ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Imaging Procedure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
Fair Poor

Introduction: Various positioning techniques are utilized to enhance the visualization of lower cervical vertebrae on lateral radiographs. However, the effectiveness of these techniques still remains unclear. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the weight-bearing (WB) technique in visualizing lower cervical vertebrae and cervicothoracic junction (C7-T1) on standing lateral cervical radiographs of adult non-trauma patients. The study was conducted using both computed radiography (CR) and digital radiography (DR) systems.Methods: Forty-four CR (29 WB and 15 non-WB – NWB) and 61 DR (26 WB and 35 NWB) lateral C-spine radiographs were prospectively evaluated to assess the visible number of cervical vertebral bodies and C7-T1 junction. The instructions given by the radiographer to the patient for the imaging procedure were also assessed on the Likert scale (very good, good, fair, poor, very poor).Results: There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the visualization of the number of vertebral bodies between the two techniques of WB and NWB for CR or DR. Further, no significant relationship (p > 0.05) was observed between the WB technique and the visualization of C7-T1 junction in DR systems. However, a significant difference was identified for CR (p = 0.012). The instruction given to the patient significantly correlated with the visibility of the lower C-spine region within each group of WB and NWB in both imaging systems.Conclusions: The visibility of the number of vertebral bodies in the lower C-spine region in either CR or DR systems did not demonstrate any enhancement with the WB technique. Regardless of the imaging system or techniques used, adequate instructions given to the patient before and during the imaging procedure of C-spine lateral radiography demonstrated a significant improvement in visualizing the lower C-spine region. In this preliminary study, the application of erect WB radiography technique in evaluating the lower cervical region of adult non-trauma patients gives limited advantage.

scholarly journals Influence of prebiotics in pigs nutrition on body weight and content of Escherichia coli in feces

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
Mirjana Delic-Jovic
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
F1 Generation ◽  
Measurement Period

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of prebiotics in the diet of piglets after weaning on the increase in the average weight of experimental animals between female (?) and male (?) piglets, dynamically by weeks of experiment, as well as on the presence of Escherichia coli in faeces. The experiment included piglets at weaning, aged about 26 days. The F1 generation was used, which was created by crossing Landrace sows and Pietren boars. The piglets were fed for 56 days (8 weeks). Four groups were formed, each group was composed of 10 piglets (5 females and 5 males) with different concentrations of prebiotics and controls, in two replicates, a total of 100 experimental animals. Feed mixtures consisting of the same nutrients were used in the diet. Control groups (OA and OB) were fed with ordinary feed mixture, without the addition of additives, groups (IA and IB) with the addition of Bio-Mos prebiotics, in a concentration of 0.1%, groups (II-A and II- B) with 0.2%, groups (III-A and III-B) with 0.3% and groups (IV-A and IV-B) were fed with the addition of prebiotics in a concentration of 0.4%. It was concluded that the differences observed in the average weight between ? and ? piglets in any measurement period were not statistically significant. However, the best results in terms of average weight were given by the highest used concentrations of prebiotics in food, 0.4% and 0.3%. The preparation had a positive effect in terms of reducing the number of Escherichia coli bacteria in the digestive tract of piglets in all treatment groups by 42 to 320 times.

scholarly journals THE FIBRINOLYTIC ALTERATION ASSOCIATED WITH DAILY ADMINISTRATION OF SILDENAFIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Fathelrahman M Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Daily Administration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Pai 1 ◽  
D Dimer

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the fibrinolytic alteration associated with daily administration of sildenafil.Methods: A total of 12 adult male rabbits without mortality rate had been fed standard and subdivided into four groups; their average weight was 1.5, 2.5, 1.9, and 2 kg randomly selected during the period of March 2012–July 2013. Depending on weight, the control groups (2.25 mg/1.5 kg day) and sildenafil groups (3 mg/2 kg/day, 2.85 mg/1.9 kg/day, and 1.7 mg/2.5 kg/day) were injected by normal saline and sildenafil concentration, respectively to create four groups, every group was composed of three rabbits; saline rabbit (control group, n=3) and sildenafil rabbits (sildenafil group, n=9). All rabbit’s plasma samples have been investigated for prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), prothrombin fragment 1+2, tissues plasminogen activator (tPA), plasmin antiplasmin (PAP), plasminogen, and D-dimer after 24 h of administration.Results: The PAP level was significantly (p<0.05) decreased following sildenafil injection. Sildenafil-injected (3 mg/ml) rabbits had decreased the means of PAI-1 and mean tPA, as early as 1-day post-injection, with a considerable lower PAP first determined 3 days after injection that continued into each rabbit 2 and 3.Conclusion: Better strategies are to initiate and manipulate this drug ought to reduce the chance of each thrombosis and hemorrhage, at the same time as minimizing the need for laboratory monitoring with the aid of the use of PAI-1, tPA, and PAP checks.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Melon Extracts on Bone Strength, Mineralization, and Metabolism in Rats with Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bongju Kim ◽  
Sung-Ho Lee ◽  
Su-Jin Song ◽  
Won Hyeon Kim ◽  
Eun-Sung Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Strength ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Osteoblast Activity ◽  
Polyphenolic Extract

A polyphenolic extract from melon (Cucumis melo L.), as a potential source of natural antioxidants, has been reported to have a positive effect on osteoblast activity. In this study, the protective effects of heat-treated melon extract (ECO-A) on bone strength, mineralization, and metabolism were examined in osteoporotic rat models. Osteoporosis was induced by ovariectomy (OVX) in female rats and then maintained for 8 weeks, along with the ingestion of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, OVXP) or ECO-A (OVXE) for an additional 4 weeks. At a pre-determined timepoint, bone strengths, as well as bone mineral contents (BMC) and the density (BMD) of femurs and/or lumbar spines extracted from each animal, were measured by a mechanical test and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, respectively. Moreover, several biochemical markers for bone turnover were analyzed by respective colorimetric assay kits in addition to clinical analyses. The maximum load and stiffness of femurs from the OVXE group were found to be significantly higher than the other groups. Furthermore, the OVXE group showed significantly higher BMC, BMD, and bone volume than the OVX and OVXP groups, which were comparable to the non-OVX (sham) group. The levels of bone formation and resorption markers in the OVXE group were similar to the sham group, but significantly different from other groups. In conclusion, these results suggest that ECO-A can play potentially positive roles in the protection of bone loss in rats with OVX-induced osteoporosis.

Load-velocity Profiles Change after Training Programs with Different Set Configurations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliseo Iglesias-Soler ◽  
Jessica Rial-Vázquez ◽  
Daniel Boullosa ◽  
Xian Mayo ◽  
Juan Fariñas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bench Press ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Velocity Relationship ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractThis study explored the changes in load-velocity relationship of bench press and parallel squat exercises following two programs differing in the set configuration. A randomized controlled trial was carried out in a sample of 39 physically active individuals. Participants were assigned to rest redistribution set configuration, traditional set configuration, or control groups. Over 5 weeks, the experimental groups completed 10 sessions with the 10 repetitions maximum load of both exercises. Rest redistribution sets consisted in 16 sets of 2 repetitions with 60 s of rest between sets, and 5 min between exercises, whereas traditional sets entailed 4 sets of 8 repetitions with 5 min of rest between sets and exercises. The load-velocity relationships of both exercises were obtained before and after the training period. For bench press, an increase of the velocity axis intercept, and a decrease of the slope at post-test were observed in both rest redistribution (p<0.001, G=1.264; p<0.001; G=0.997) and traditional set (p=0.01, G=0.654; p=0.001; G=0.593) groups. For squat, the slope decreased (p<0.001; G=0.588) and the velocity axis intercept increased (p<0.001; G=0.727) only in the rest redistribution group. These results show that rest redistribution sets were particularly efficient for inducing changes in the load-velocity relationship.

scholarly journals Root Dimensions in Patients with Mild Hypodontia and a Control Group

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 574-580
Author(s):  
Khaled Khalaf ◽  
Zahra Seraj ◽  
Hesham Hussein ◽  
Mahmoud Mando
Keyword(s):  
Matched Control ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
The University ◽  
And Control

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to compare root dimensions (length and mesiodistal widths) between subjects with mild hypodontia and an age- and sex-matched control group. Materials and Methods Root dimension measurements of all permanent teeth excluding third molars were made on standardly taken orthopantomograms of 50 individuals (25 hypodontia and 25 controls) attending the University of Sharjah Dental Hospital. The length and two mesiodistal widths were measured for each fully formed root. The length of the root was measured digitally by drawing a line from the midpoint and bisecting the mesiodistal cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) of the tooth and extended to its apex. The mesiodistal widths of each root were measured at the cervical region and at half way of and perpendicular to the length of the root. Statistical Analysis Two sample t-tests were used to compare root dimension measurements between the hypodontia and control groups. Results There were no significant differences between genders with regard to root length or widths measurements, and therefore genders were combined for further analysis. Patients with hypodontia have significantly shorter root lengths than controls for the upper central incisors, upper canines, first premolars, and lower first molars (p < 0.05). Similarly, root width at the midpoint of the root was found to be less in hypodontia group than that in controls for the upper central incisors, lower first premolars, upper first molars, and all second premolars (p < 0.05). Similar pattern of differences was found with regard to the root width at the cervical region (p < 0.05). Conclusions Patients with hypodontia have shorter and narrower roots of the whole permanent dentition except the upper lateral incisors, lower incisors, lower canines, and all second molars when compared with controls. In effect, this may affect the orthodontic treatment planning and implant placement.

Intravenous infusion of trieicosapentaenoyl-glycerol and LTB4 and LTB5 production by leukocytes of rabbits

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (6) ◽  
pp. H1711-H1718
Author(s):  
S. Sawazaki ◽  
N. Nakamura ◽  
T. Hamazaki ◽  
K. Yamazaki ◽  
M. Urakaze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Leukotriene B4 ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Ltb4 Production ◽  
Ex Vivo Study ◽  
Determining Factor

During myocardial infarction leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is probably a major determining factor of tissue damage because it can amplify the inflammatory reaction by recruiting leukocytes and degranulating them. Oral administration of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is known to reduce LTB4 production by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL). However, it takes several weeks for EPA to take effect. In this study, we formulated a trieicosapentaenoyl-glycerol emulsion and infused it into rabbits (0.8 g EPA/kg). In the ex vivo study, the inhibition of LTB4 production by PMNL from EPA-infused rabbits was maximal (32-60% of preinfusion values, P less than 0.01) 6 h after the infusion. There was also a tendency toward reduced LTB4 production 1, 24, and 168 h after the infusion. A lower dose (0.2 g EPA/kg) also reduced LTB4 production (45% of preinfusion values, P less than 0.02) 6 h after the infusion. There was no significant change in LTB4 production in control groups in which soybean oil emulsion was infused instead of EPA. EPA infusion might be useful for reduction of tissue damage in the acute phase of LTB4-related diseases such as acute myocardial infarction.

Mechanical Test Methods for Assessing Porcine Carotid and Uterine Artery Burst Pressure Following Ex Vivo Ultrasonic Ligature Seal and Transection

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 103120 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Mitchell ◽  
R. E. Link ◽  
Carissa Krane ◽  
Margaret Pinnell ◽  
Courtney Gardner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Burst Pressure

Pop-In Events and Elastic Deformation of Sapphire Single Crystal during Nanoindentation

2014 ◽  
Vol 924 ◽  
pp. 275-280
Author(s):  
Rui Ke ◽  
Yu Min Zhang ◽  
Yu Feng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Elastic Deformation ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
Sapphire Single Crystal

Sapphire single crystal is widely used in many fields because of its excellent properties, as a focus of mechanical test, nanoindentation on sapphire is paid a great deal of attention by researchers. In this manuscript, the maximum load, depth and loading rate effects on the first pop-in event during nanoindentation of sapphire single crystal were discussed, the results indicated that these factors had no effect on the load at which the first pop-in occurred and the extension width of pop-in; the deformation below the first pop-in event was discussed and it could be roughly considered as purely elastic deformation through analyzing.

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