scholarly journals Comparison of hematological parameters between single and twin pregnancies in Dorper ewes during gestation, lambing, and postpartum

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Paola Santarosa ◽  
Gabriela Nascimento Dantas ◽  
Danilo Otávio Laurenti Ferreira ◽  
Henrique Barbosa Hooper ◽  
Ana Carolina Rusca Correa Porto ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT: The hematopoietic system changes during the pregnancy to carry fetal development and maternal needs. This study compared the hematological parameters between ewes with single and twin pregnancies during gestation, delivery, and postpartum. The experiment was conducted on 60 healthy pregnant Dorper ewes that were divided into two experimental groups: Group 1 (G1), with single pregnancies (n=30), and Group 2 (G2), with twin pregnancies (n=30). Blood samples were collected from all ewes at different times: immediately before fixed-time artificial insemination (AI); on day 30, 90, 120, 130, and 140 of pregnancy; immediately after delivery; and at 24h and 48h postpartum. Statistical analysis compared the two groups at different times (P<0.05). Mild, normocytic, and hypochromic anemia was detected in all ewes from AI time and throughout pregnancy from both groups, but did not prove to be of clinical relevance. In the peripartum stage (from the 140th day of pregnancy to 48h postpartum), the ewes with twin pregnancies (G2) exhibited higher erythrogram values and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio than did ewes with single pregnancies (G1). This indicated a greater hematopoietic adaptation in the body during the development of two fetuses. Except for the eosinophil numbers, all leukogram parameters were influenced by pregnancy in a similar way in both groups, and was characterized mainly by leukocytosis with neutrophilia during peripartum due to the high presence of endogenous cortisol at delivery. Thus, these findings showed that pregnancy was a stressful physiological event that increased the leukocyte count with a slight alteration in the erythrogram of Dorper ewes.

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Alvarez ◽  
F. L. N. Natal ◽  
R. M. L. Pires ◽  
K. M. R. Duarte ◽  
C. A. Oliveira

The injection of a low dose of eCG has the potential to induce multiple ovulation and pregnancies in cattle. The present study aimed to evaluate the ovarian response, conception rate and incidence of twin pregnancies of cyclic cows receiving 1 of 2 low doses of eCG. Multiparous Nellore (Bos t. indicus) cows with plasma progesterone levels >1 ng∙mL–1 on at least one of 2 blood samples collected at 10-day intervals (Day –10 and Day 0) received an intramuscular (IM) injection of 2 mg of oestradiol benzoate (EB; Estrogin®, AUSA, São Paulo, Brazil) and a vaginal device (DIP) containing 1 g of progesterone (Primer®, Tecnopec, São Paulo, SP, Brazil) on Day 0. On Day 8, the DIP was removed and cows received an IM injection of 150 μg of cloprostenol (Veteglan®, Hertape Calier, Juatuba, MG, Brazil). At this time, the animals were randomly distributed into 3 groups. Group 1 (n = 30) received an IM injection of 2 mL of saline, whereas groups 2 (n = 41) and 3 (n = 23) received 600 IU and 900 IU of eCG (Novormon® MSD Saude Animal, São Paulo, Brazil), respectively. Twenty-four hours later (Day 9), all groups received 1 mg of EB and were submitted to fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) 30 h later (i.e. 54 h after DIP removal). Oestrus observation was performed daily from the time of the withdrawal of the DIP until the day of FTAI. Ovaries were examined ultrasonically at the time of FTAI, the following day and 7 days after FTAI. Pregnancy diagnosis was done by ultrasonography 30 days after FTAI and the incidence of twin or single calves was recorded at birth. Data were analysed by chi-square test. The rate of expression of oestrus was 70.0% (group 1), 82.9% (group 2), and 78.2% (group 3; P = 0.25). Cows that had 2 or more large follicles at the time of FTAI was 0% (group 1), 14.6% (group 2), and 34.8% (group 3; P < 0.05). The ovulation rate of cows in group 1 (80.0%) was higher than cows in groups 2 (48.8%) and 3 (52.2%; P < 0.05). The conception rates for groups 1, 2, and 3 were 50.0, 26.8, and 39.1%, respectively (P < 0.05). Two animals in group 3, one in group 2, and none of group 1 had twin pregnancies on Day 30 after FTAI. Only one of these cows (group 3) had a twin calving. It was concluded that the injection of 600 or 900 IU eCG, in an oestradiol/progestogen FTAI protocol does not result in an increase in the rate of twin calvings, but may negatively affect pregnancy rates of cyclic Nellore cows.Financial support was provided by FAPESP (proc. 2011/13096–0).


2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelina Maria da Silva ◽  
Wilson Machado de Souza ◽  
Patrícia de Athayde Barnabé ◽  
Marion Burkhardt de Koivisto ◽  
Nair Trevizan Machado de Souza

Purpose: To evaluate the application of the maxillofacial miniplate 1.5 in the repair of unilateral mandibular osteotomies in cats. Methods: Twelve adult cats were divided into two groups. In group 1 (n=6), the osteotomy was performed in the body of the mandible, behind the 1st molar. In group 2 (n=6), the osteotomy was performed between the 4th premolar and 1st molar. The osteotomy was fixed with a titanium miniplate 1.5. Oral alimentation was reinitiated 24 hours after surgery. Cats were euthanized at 12 weeks postoperative. Results: Radiographs taken 1 week after surgery showed a radiolucent line. The osteotomy line was not more visible on the radiographs taken at 12 weeks postoperative. Macroscopic examination confirmed alignment and bone union of operated hemimandibles. Histological examination showed formation of woven bone within the osteotomy line. The percentage of bone tissue at these areas was measured by the histometry. There was no statistically significant difference between the values of group 1(75.07 ± 5.99) and group 2 (74.76 ± 8.54) (Mann-Whitney's test p= 0.469). Conclusion: We concluded that the use of miniplate 1.5 for the fixation of mandibular osteotomy in cats provided the main goals in the treatment of mandibular fractures: bone union, normal dental occlusion and immediate return to oral alimentation.


1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1033-1041
Author(s):  
F. A-R. SANKOH ◽  
R. J. BOILA

Injectable Cu and Zn were evaluated as mineral supplements using 37 purebred Herefords (Group 1) and 23 Angus-Charolais-North Devon crosses (Group 2). The 60 steers were carried through a 113-d grazing phase. This was followed by a 79-d finishing phase for all steers of Group 1 and seven steers of Group 2. Treatments were combinations of the non-dosing (0Cu, 0Zn) and dosing (+Cu, +Zn) of steers with injectable Cu or Zn at the start of the grazing phase: (1) 0Cu, 0Zn; (2) +Cu, 0Zn; (3) 0Cu, +Zn; and (4) +Cu, +Zn. Injectables were the sole source of supplementary Cu and Zn during grazing and finishing phases. Means (SE) for Cu and Zn, respectively, in forages as milligrams per kilogram dry matter (DM) during the grazing phase were: grasses, 4.4 (0.17), 15.7 (0.46); alfalfa, 6.9 (0.18), 16.5 (1.49); and birdsfoot trefoil 5.0 (0.76), 15.0 (3.41). Injectable Cu did not influence (P > 0.05) body weight during the grazing phase. Body weight responses were lower (P < 0.05) for +Cu steers in the finishing phase, when dietary Cu was low, but steers could not be classified as Cu-deficient based on liver Cu. Liver Cu increased to means greater than 140 mg kg−1 DM in all steers, but was higher (P < 0.05) in +Cu steers during the grazing phase. Serum Cu varied widely during the grazing phase, but was higher (P < 0.05) for +Cu steers only on day 84 of the grazing phase. Neither liver Cu nor serum Cu was influenced (P > 0.05) by injectable Zn. Injectable Zn decreased growth rates in the latter part of the grazing phase but did not affect (P > 0.05) the body weight response during the finishing phase. The concentrations of Zn in liver and serum were not influenced (P > 0.05) by injectable Cu or Zn. Key words: Cattle, grazing, copper, zinc, injectable copper, injectable zinc


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Champak Bhakat

In order to decide the optimum time of grazing for camels during hot summer months, 10 growing camel calveswere divided into 2 equal groups. First group was sent for grazing during 10:00 h to 16:00 h daily and second groupallowed for grazing during thermo neutral period. The climatic variables were recorded daily (April 2012 to March2013). The average daily gain and total body weight gain in calves sent for grazing during relatively cool parts ofday (group 2) was significantly higher as compared to group 1 calves sent as per routine farm schedule. Theaverage intake of fodder and water from manger was higher in group 1 calves. The average DMI from manger forgroup 1 calves was higher as compared to group 2 calves. The comparative biometrics of camel calves in differentgrazing management practices revealed that body length, heart girth, height at wither, neck length were significantly(P&lt;0.01) higher in group 2 calves as compared to group 1 calves. After 180 days of experimentation, humpcircumference vertical and hind leg length were significantly (P&lt;0.05) increased in group 2 as compared to group1. Analysis of recorded data of climatic parameters revealed that average maximum temperature was higher duringJune 2012. The values of THI also were higher in monsoon and post monsoon months hence the practice of sendingcamel calves during relatively comfortable part of hot and hot humid months was successful in getting good growth.The relative humidity was significantly higher during morning as compared to evening period for all months. TheTHI was significantly lower during morning as compared to evening hours for all months in different climate forwhole year. Economic analysis reveals that the cost of feed per kg body weight gain was quite less in group 2 ascompared to group 1. So the practice of grazing of camel calves during cool hours of day remain profitable forfarmers by looking at the body weight gain and better body conformation in climate change condition.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julietpoornamathy J ◽  
Parameswari C.S.

In medical sciences, toxicity is an area wherein extensive studies have been carried to improve the diseases as well as to prevent. So, there is a high requirement for novel and improved alternative therapeutic strategies to manage diseases. The liver is the largest gland in the body, which executes several important mechanisms; it stores minerals and vitamins and releases them in periods of need. The main aim of this study was to give a closer insight into potent non- toxic compounds that is capable of modifying the responses. Animals were divided into five equal groups viz control (Group 1), administered with food and water ad libitum, (Group 2) administered with olive oil, (Group 3) administered with zingerone, (Group 4) administered with concanavalin A, (Group 5) administered with cyclosporine A followed by zingerone. Our results revealed significant changes in liver marker enzymes and liver histology of zingerone treated rats when compared to control rats.  A corollary, zingerone has no toxic effect on hepatocytes and was found to be safe at a dose of 10mg/kg b wt and also ameliorates hepatotoxicity.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-444
Author(s):  
Md Alamgir Kobir ◽  
Latifa Akther ◽  
Imam Hasan ◽  
Md Ahosanul Haque Shahid ◽  
Ziaul Haque ◽  
...  

Blood parameters are an important index to assess the body homeostasis in mammals. Here, the effect of pesticide (imidacloprid) contaminated feed exposure on the haematological parameters of adult rabbits (n=15) was studied. Pesticides (Imidacloprid, Bildor® 0.5ml (100mg)/L water spray on vegetables and green grass) exposed feed fed to rabbits with wash (washed feed rabbit) or without a wash (not washed feed rabbit) in the once-daily morning for every alternative day up to 15 days. Control rabbits have received a standard diet (fresh vegetables and green grass). The blood cell analysis showed that the total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, and haemoglobin values were not changed significantly in pesticide exposed rabbit. For differential leukocyte count, the percentage of neutrophil and eosinophil was significantly decreased in the pesticide-exposed rabbit as compared to the control rabbit. The lymphocyte percentage was increased significantly in pesticide-exposed rabbits compared to control rabbits. Interestingly, the number of lymphocytes was significantly increased in not washed feed rabbits compared to wash feed rabbits. The results of the present study suggest that residue of agriculturally used pesticides may affect the body homeostasis of animals. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(3): 439-444,  December 2020


Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakiru O Isa ◽  
Olajide Buhari ◽  
Hameem Changezi

Introduction: Hyperthyroidism increases the basal metabolic rate and affects most systems in the body. Patients with hyperthyroidism have been shown to have a higher incidence of ischemic stroke. There is a paucity of information regarding its effects on the short-term outcomes of patients admitted with ischemic stroke. Hypothesis: Hyperthyroidism is associated with worse in-hospital outcomes in patients admitted for ischemic stroke. Methods: We queried the National Inpatient Sample to identify adult patients(aged 18 and above) admitted for ischemic stroke between January 2011 and December 2014. We compared those with a history of hyperthyroidism (group 1) and thyrotoxicosis on admission (group 2) with the rest of the patients (group 3). The main outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included the length of hospital stay and cost of hospitalization. We used the logistic regression model and adjusted for baseline characteristics and co-morbidities. Results: There were 643,786 patients in the study, 0.44% had a history of hyperthyroidism, and 0.01% had thyrotoxicosis at the time of presentation. The odd of mortality in group 1 compared to group 3 was 0.89, 95% CI 0.75-1.05, p=0.16 while in group 2 compared to group 3, it was 2.42, 95% CI 1.29-4.52, p<0.006. The mean length of stay was also longer in group 2 with a mean difference of 8.06, 95% CI 4.74 - 11.39, p<0.0001. Conclusion: From the study, there was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality between patients with previously diagnosed hyperthyroidism and those without diagnosed hyperthyroidism. Patients who had thyrotoxicosis on admission, on the other hand, had worse outcomes compared to patients without thyrotoxicosis.


2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
G. A. Bo ◽  
L. C. Peres ◽  
D. Pincinato ◽  
M. de la Rey ◽  
R. Tribulo

An experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of the interval between thawing to deposition of the embryo into the uterine horn on pregnancy rates of in vivo-produced frozen–thawed embryos in 1.5 M ethylene glycol (direct transfer). Data were collected from 1122 embryo transfers performed in the same farm (Estancia El Mangrullo, Lavalle, Santiago del Estero, Argentina) during the spring and summer of 2004/05 and 2005/06 (6 replicates, ambient temperature between 20 and 40�C). Recipients used in all replicates were non-lactating, cycling, multiparous Bos taurus � Bos indicus crossbred cows with body condition score between 3 and 4 (1 to 5 scale) that were synchronized using fixed-time embryo transfer protocols. Briefly, the synchronization treatments consisted of the insertion of a Crestar ear implant (Intervet, Sao Paulo, Brazil) or a progesterone-releasing device (DIB; Syntex SA, Buenos Aires, Argentina), plus 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB; Syntex) intramuscularly (IM) on Day 0, and 400 IU of eCG (Folligon 5000; Intervet, or Novormon 5000; Syntex) IM plus 150 �g d-cloprostenol IM (Preloban; Intervet, or Ciclase; Syntex) on Day 5. Progestin devices were removed on Day 8 and all cows received 1 mg of EB IM on Day 9. All cows were examined by ultrasonography on Day 16 and those with a luteal area &gt;76 mm2 (by calculating the area of the CL minus the area of the cavity) received, on Day 17, frozen–thawed embryos by nonsurgical transfer. All embryos were Grade 1, and all were frozen in 1.5 M ethylene glycol at the Embryo Plus Laboratory (Brits, South Africa). After being stored in liquid nitrogen, the embryos were plunged directly (no air thawing) in a 30�C water bath for 30 s, and then transferred to the recipient cows by either one of two technicians. Based on the interval between thawing and transfer, the transfers were classified as being in one of 3 groups: Group 1: &lt;3 min; Group 2: 3 to 6 min; and Group 3: 6 to 16 min. The main reason for delayed transfers beyond 6 min was the replacement of one recipient for another because of difficulty in threading the cervix (1% of the total transfers) or a recipient falling down into the chute or with very bad disposition and behavior. Pregnancy was determined by ultrasonography 28 to 35 days after fixed-time embryo transfer, and data were analyzed by logistic regression. There were no effects of replicate, technician, CL area, recipient body condition score, embryo stage, and time from thawing to transfer on pregnancy rates. Pregnancy rates in the 3 thawing to transfer intervals were: Group 1: 215/385, 55.8%; Group 2: 372/655, 56.8%; Group 3: 42/82, 51.2%; P &gt; 0.6. These results may be interpreted to suggest that there is no significant effect of time from thawing to transfer (up to 16 min) in direct transfer embryos using Bos taurus � Bos indicus recipients transferred at a fixed time.


1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (6) ◽  
pp. H1942-H1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Van der Linden ◽  
E. Gilbart ◽  
P. Paques ◽  
C. Simon ◽  
J. L. Vincent

This study was performed to test the hypothesis that tissue O2 extraction capabilities during hemorrhage may be greater when hematocrit (Hct) is initially reduced. Twenty-four anesthetized and splenectomized dogs were randomly assigned in three groups of eight dogs each: group 1 (Hct 40), 40–45% Hct; group 2 (Hct 30), 30–35% Hct; and group 3 (Hct 20), 20–25% Hct. In each animal, the desired Hct was obtained by normovolemic hemodilution using hydroxyethyl starch 450/0.7 and maintained throughout the experiment. O2 delivery (DO2) was progressively reduced by hemorrhage. At each step, DO2 and O2 consumption (VO2) were measured separately. Critical DO2 obtained from a plot of VO2 vs. DO2 was lower in the Hct 30 and Hct 20 groups than in the Hct 40 group [(in ml.min-1.kg-1) Hct 30, 7.9 +/- 2.2; Hct 20, 7.8 +/- 1.0; Hct 40, 10.4 +/- 1.1; P < 0.05]. Critical DO2 obtained from blood lactate levels was also significantly lower in the Hct 30 and Hct20 groups than in the Hct 40 group. Critical O2 extraction ratio was also greater in the Hct 30 and Hct 20 groups than in the Hct 40 group (Hct 30, 73.0 +/- 13.9%; Hct 20, 70.1 +/- 9.6%; Hct 40, 57.1 +/- 11.5%; P < 0.05). In the conditions of our study, moderate hemodilution was associated with an improvement of the O2 extraction capabilities of the body, probably related to the reduction in blood viscosity.


2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelina Maria da Silva ◽  
Wilson Machado de Souza ◽  
Marion Burkhardt de Koivisto ◽  
Patrícia de Athayde Barnabé ◽  
Nair Trevizan Machado de Souza

PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of maxillofacial miniplate 1.5 in the repair of segmental mandibular defects filled with autogenous bone in cats. METHODS: Twelve adult cats were divided into two groups. A segmental defect of 4mm was created in one of the hemimandibles and filled with autogenous iliac crest bone graft. The operated hemimandible was fixed with a 1.5mm titanium miniplate. In group 1 (n=6), the defect was performed in the body of the mandible, behind the 1st molar. In group 2 (n=6), the defect was performed between the 4nd premolar and 1st molar, with extraction of the 1st molar. Oral alimentation was reinitiated 24 hours after surgery. Cats were euthanized at 20 weeks postoperative. RESULTS: Incorporation of the graft was suggested by the radiographs taken 20 weeks after surgery. Macroscopic examination confirmed alignment and bone union of operated hemimandibles. Histological examination showed formation of woven bone in rostral and caudal mandible/graft interfaces. The percentage of bone tissue at these areas was measured by the histometry. There was no statistically significant difference between the values of group 1(64.48 ± 4.51) and group 2 (71.69 ± 14.47) (Mann-Whitney's test p= 0.294). CONCLUSION: The use of miniplate 1.5 for the fixation of mandibular defects filled with autogenous bone in cats provided the main goals in the treatment of mandibular fractures: bone union, normal dental occlusion and immediate return to oral alimentation.


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