scholarly journals Accidentally catching of the catfish Lophiosilurus alexandri (Steindachner, 1876) larvae in aquariums with different colors

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-616
Author(s):  
M. M. Pedreira ◽  
D. C. Costa ◽  
M. Schorer
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Visual Ability ◽  
Final Development ◽  
Good Contrast

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different colors in development and survival of catfish Lophiosilurus alexandri larvae, as well as over the visual ability of the handler. Larvae were placed in 5 L-aquariums at a density of 7 larvae L-1 , and aquariums had different colors, and were: green and blue (light colors); brown and black (dark colors). The final development; survival, total and standard length, weight and biomass of the larvae were similar in all colored aquaria. The highest mortality occurred during the first days after hatching, declining over the period, when it is observed the larval development, indicating that care should be necessary in the first few days. During cleaning handling, the accidental catch of larvae was higher in black aquariums. In the first days of life, due to the fragility of the larvae, it is possible to verify that between the second and third day occur the greatest mortalities. The number of accidentally captured larvae was lower than the mortality, suggesting that the high mortality in early larval life is not influenced by the handler management. The catfish L. alexandri larvae should be cultivated in aquariums that allow a good contrast between the larvae and the background, to avoid accidental capture of larvae by the handler. It is suggested to avoid the use of dark and black aquariums.

The missing links: larval and post-larval development of the ascoglossan opisthobranch Elysia viridis

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 1087-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia D. Trowbridge
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Shell Length ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Codium Fragile ◽  
Planktotrophic Larvae ◽  
Algal Diet ◽  
Better Than

The stenophagous ascoglossan (=sacoglossan) opisthobranch Elysia viridis has long been a model organism for the study of endosymbiosis or kleptoplasty as well as one of the few herbivores to consume the introduced green macroalga Codium fragile on European shores. Larval and post-larval dynamics of the ascoglossan were investigated. Planktotrophic larvae of E. viridis grew at 5–10 μm d−1 (shell length) at 15°C on a unicellular algal diet (the cryptophyte Rhodomonas baltica); larvae became competent one month post-hatching. Effective feeding and chloroplast acquisition typically started within 2–3 d of metamorphosis. Slugs grew about 8 mm in the first month of post-larval life. During this period, juveniles held in the light did not grow faster or survive better than conspecifics held in the dark; thus, functional kleptoplasty did not occur during first three weeks of benthic life. While larval growth rates and the nature of metamorphic cues are consistent with those of many other opisthobranch species with planktotrophic larvae, measures of post-larval growth—particularly as it pertains to kleptoplasty—is a new contribution to opisthobranch biology.

Neurogenesis in the thoracic neuromeres of two crustaceans with different types of metamorphic development

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (17) ◽  
pp. 2465-2479 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Harzsch ◽  
J Miller ◽  
J Benton ◽  
RR Dawirs ◽  
B Beltz
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Neuronal Development ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Spider Crab ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Metamorphic Development ◽  
Embryonic And Larval Development

The mode of embryonic and larval development and the ethology of metamorphosis in the spider crab and the American lobster are very different, and we took advantage of this to compare neuronal development in the two species. The goals of this study were to discover whether the differences in the maturation of the neuromuscular system in the pereopods and the metamorphic changes of motor behavior between the two species are reflected at the level of the developing nervous system ('neurometamorphosis'). Furthermore, we wanted to broaden our understanding of the mechanisms that govern neuronal development in arthropods. Proliferation of neuronal stem cells in thoracic neuromeres 4-8 of the lobster Homarus americanus and the crab Hyas araneus was monitored over the course of embryonic and larval development using the in vivo incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). Neuropil structure was visualized using an antibody against Drosophila synapsin. While proliferation of neuronal precursors has ceased when embryogenesis is 80 % complete (E80%) in the lobster thoracic neuromeres, proliferation of neuroblasts in the crab persists throughout embryonic development and into larval life. The divergent temporal patterns of neurogenesis in the two crustacean species can be correlated with differences in larval life style and in the degree of maturation of the thoracic legs during metamorphic development. Several unusual aspects of neurogenesis reported here distinguish these crustaceans from other arthropods. Lobsters apparently lack a postembryonic period of proliferation in the thoracic neuromeres despite the metamorphic remodeling that takes place in the larval stages. In contrast, an increase in mitotic activity towards the end of embryonic development is found in crabs, and neuroblast proliferation persists throughout the process of hatching into the larval stages. In both E20% lobster embryos and mid-embryonic crabs, expression of engrailed was found in a corresponding set of neurons and putative glial cells at the posterior neuromere border, suggesting that these cells have acquired similar specific identities and might, therefore, be homologous. None of the BrdU-labeled neuroblasts (typically 6-8 per hemineuromere over a long period of embryogenesis) was positive for engrailed at this and subsequent stages. Our findings are discussed in relation to the spatial and temporal patterns of neurogenesis in insects.

V - The development of Haliotis Tuberculata , with special reference to organogenesis during torsion

1937 ◽  
Vol 228 (552) ◽  
pp. 219-268 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Retractor Muscle ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Haliotis Tuberculata ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Selection Of

Investigation of the development of Haliotis tuberculata , Linnaeus, was undertaken as a natural sequel to an examination of the bionomics and anatomy of Haliotis (Crofts 1929, p. 159). It is an attempt to elucidate the organogenesis during the changing larval habits, in the hope of adding to the scanty ontogenetical evidence available towards solving the problems of gastropod evolution. Excellent accounts of the embryonic phase, including patiently worked out details of the cleavage and of gastrulation, have been published for Crepidula (Conklin 1897), Patella (Patten 1886; Wilson 1904; and Smith 1935), Trochus (Robert 1902), Physa (Wierzejski 1905), Dentalium (Wilson 1904). The only comprehensive accounts of gastropod larval development already published are of Paludina (Erlanger 1891; Tonniges 1896; Drummond 1902; Andersen 1924) and of Patella (Patten 1886; Smith I935). The accounts of Paludina elucidate the details of development of the coelom and its derivatives. The viviparous habit and consequent loss of free larval life in Paludina , however, make it a very unsuitable example of gastropod development. Evolutionary stages are more likely to be traced from the development of less specialized gastropods, an adequate selection of whose free-living larval stages can be obtained. The larval development of Patel, Acmaea, Trochus and Haliotis has been described, in varying completeness for the different genera. Patten’s work on Patella coerulea (1886) gives a description only of the beginning of organogenesis. After a lapse of fifty years a more detailed account of the development of P. vulgata has been given by Smith (1935). This work gives a new interpretation of the development of the mesoderm, of the muscles and of the nervous system. The dorsal retractor muscle of the larva, which Patten indicated for P. coerula , is shown in P. vulgata to be placed asymmetrically and torsion takes place “ under the action” of this muscle.

scholarly journals Oviposition behavior and host records for the parasitic midge Trichochilus lacteipennis (Johannsen) (Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae)

2018 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
David Harley Funk ◽  
Sherman Roberts ◽  
Alan Graham
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Long Strings ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Elliptio Complanata ◽  
Mussel Species

Adult female Trichochilus lacteipennis were observed to extrude long strings of eggs (up to 15 cm) in flight over a lake in Maine, USA. Once extruded females dropped to the water surface and released the strings. Larvae of T. lacteipennis are parasitic on Elliptio complanata at this site and probably additional unionid mussel species elsewhere. Based on our dissections of parasitized mussels and previous reports, it appears T. lacteipennis spend all or nearly all of their larval life within their mussel host, with first instars initially free-living inside the mantle. At some point larvae enter the marsupium and complete larval development on a diet of mussel eggs and/or glochidia before pupating within the marsupium. 

The initiation of pupariation in Drosophila: dependence on growth of the imaginal discs

Development ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-165
Author(s):  
P. Simpson ◽  
P. Berreur ◽  
J. Berreur-Bonnenfant
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Imaginal Discs ◽  
Clonal Analysis ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Lethal Mutations ◽  
Heat Treated

Regeneration was induced in the imaginal discs in situ following lesions caused by heatsensitive cell-lethal mutations. A clonal analysis of this event demonstrated that the subsequent delay in pupariation was correlated with the amount of extra growth that occurred during the regeneration. Pupariation of heat-treated gynandromorphs bearing the mutations was also retarded, and the duration of larval development increased with greater amounts of mutant tissue, it was therefore correlated with the extent of the lesions in the imaginal discs. Elimination of entire imaginal discs, or the presence of very small amounts of lethal tissue, did not result in prolonged larval life.

scholarly journals Embriogenesis and larval ontogeny of the "piau-gordura", Leporinus piau (Fowler) (Pisces, Anostomidae) after induced spawning

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Luiz Borçato ◽  
Nilo Bazzoli ◽  
Yoshimi Sato
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Exogenous Feeding ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Final Development ◽  
Complete Absorption ◽  
Vegetative Pole ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Embryonic And Larval Development

Mature males and females of Leporinus piau (Fowler, 1941) were induced to reproduce through a hypophysation process. Extrusion occurred 12 h or 312 hours-degree after the hypophysation, at a water temperature of 26°C. Fertilized eggs were maintained in incubators at 24°C. Embryonic development, was evaluated using every 10 minutes, fresh egg samples which were analyzed under stereoscopic microscope. The larvae were collected at 24-hour intervals for seven days after hatching, fixed in Bouin's fluid and were submitted to routine histological techniques. The eggs of L. piau were slightly gray, non-adhesive and round-shaped. After 1.5 h the embryo was at the 64-blastomere phase and showed a wide yolk region on the vegetative pole. Within 6.25 h, blastopore closure and the end of gastrula was observed. The differentiation of layers occurred after 7.5 h and hatching after 21 h after fertilization at 24°C or 504 hours-degree. During the first three days of the larvae development there was a gradual yolk sac reduction until its complete absorption on the fourth day, indicating the necessity of exogenous feeding. From the fourth to the seventh day, the final development of the heart, gill arches, swimblader, kidney, hepatopancreas, stomach and intestine were observed. The embryonic and larval development of L. piau were similar to other Anastomidae species.

INFLUENCE OF DIET ON LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF FORFICULA SENEGALENSIS SERVILLE (DERMAPTERA: FORFICULIDAE) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Baoua Boukary ◽  
Jean-Claude Tourneur ◽  
Jean Gingras
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Duration Of Development

AbstractThe effects of various diets composed of millet leaves and stems, millet anthers, and animal prey on the development of Forficula senegalensis Serville were studied in the laboratory using mortality, duration of development, and weight at eclosion and at imaginal moult as comparative parameters. A diet of millet leaves and stems did not allow larvae to reach the adult stage. A diet of millet anthers allowed the production of adults, but with high mortality. When fed animal prey, the larvae developed adequately into adults, but with the mixed diet (prey and millet anthers) development was more rapid and the weight of the adults produced was greater. Millet leaves are probably not an important part of larval earwigs diet in their natural environment. They do, however, eat millet anthers and they may also feed on the insect fauna that lives on millet.

Lung use and development in Xenopus laevis tadpoles

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Pronych ◽  
Richard Wassersug
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Early Larval Development

Shortly after hatching, Xenopus laevis tadpoles fill their lungs with air. We examined the role played by early lung use in these organisms, since they are able to respire with both their lungs and their gills. We investigated the effect on X. laevis development when the larvae were prevented from inflating their lungs, and whether early lung use influenced the size of the lungs or the tadpole's ability to metamorphose. Tadpoles that were denied access to air had lungs one-half the size of those of controls. This difference in lung size was too large to be explained merely by a stretching of the lung due to inflation. The longer tadpoles were denied access to air, the longer they took to metamorphose, and their probability of completing metamorphosis diminished. One tadpole raised throughout its larval life without access to air successfully metamorphosed but had abnormal, solidified lungs and an enlarged heart. Collectively, these experiments demonstrate that early lung use in tadpoles is important in determining both ultimate lung size and the probability of successfully metamorphosing. Lung use during early larval development in X. laevis is not absolutely necessary for survival through metamorphosis, but its absence severely handicaps growth.

Larval development of the queen scallop, Equichlamys bifrons

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
TG Dix
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Shell Growth ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Pelagic Larvae ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Early Larvae

The smallest length of pelagic larvae of E. bifrons reared from fertilized eggs (mean diameter 119.6 pm) was 150 pm. Shell growth revealed insignificant umbone development, and the length-width relationship is described by the geometric mean regression: w = 0.751l+20.720. Eye spots were conspicuous and common in larvae of 165-175 pm length; metamorphosis generally occurred when larvae were just longer than 200 pm. In cultures maintained between 14 and 18°C juveniles were present 17-20 days after fertilization. Provinicular structure was simple, and there were generally four teeth at each end of the hinge. Unisexuality, the large size of eggs and early larvae, shorter larval life, and the lack of umbone development are the most significant characteristics distinguishing the development of E. bifrons from that of Pecten meridionalis, another local pectinid.

THE DIEL PATTERN OF FEEDING ACTIVITY OF LARVAL PSEUDOSARCOPHAGA AFFINIS (DIPTERA: SARCOPHAGIDAE)

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. House
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Diel Periodicity ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Diel Pattern ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
New Born ◽  
The Difference

AbstractFeeding activity is a crucial measure used in experiments with larvae of Pseudosarcophaga affinis auct. nec Fallén on chemically defined diets to determine whether food selection and preference occurs because of nutritional factors. To avoid temporal bias in recording it was necessary to know: (1) when during larval development feeding activity is greatest; and (2) whether a diel periodicity of feeding activity demands that observations be standardized according to time of day. Experiments done at 23 °C and 16-hour photoperiod with new-born larvae showed that: (1) during larval life feeding activity increases rapidly up to 96 hours of age and thereafter slowly decreases; and (2) on the two diets tested more feeding occurred during darkness but only on one diet was the difference (about 7.3%) statistically significant. Thus in P. affinis it is seldom necessary to control for time of day in experiments of the kind used in the work on food selection and preference.

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