Momordica charantia L. extracts against Aedes aegypti larvae

Abstract Mormodica charantia (Curcubitaceae) is a plant with great medicinal potential, also used as an alternative of mosquitoes control as demonstrated by previous studies. We evaluated the larvicidal activity of crude extracts of ethyl acetate, methanol and hexane from flowers and fruits of M. charantia against Aedes aegypti (Culicidae). Flowers and fruits were macerated in methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane. Bioassays were performed with application of the extracts at final concentrations of 1 - 200 µg/mL in the middle of the third instar larvae of A. aegypti (L3). The results showed high toxicity to ethyl acetate extracts from flowers and fruits at concentrations of 200 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL, with 97% and 87% of larvae mortality (L3), respectively. Hexane extract demonstrated low toxicity, while methanol extract exhibited 78% larval mortality. The data suggested that the ethyl acetate extracts of flowers and fruits of M. charantia can effectively contribute to larvicidal activity. In addition, purification of M. charantia extracts may lead to a promising larvicidal activity to control the A. aegypti population.

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Screening of Different Extracts of Marine Macro Green Algae for Larvicidal Activity against Dengue Fever Mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culiadae)

International Letters of Natural Sciences ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.62.44 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 62 ◽

pp. 44-51

Author(s):

G. Adaikala Raj ◽

M. Jayaraman ◽

S. Krishnamoorthy ◽

M. Chandrasekaran ◽

V. Venkatesalu

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Green Algae ◽

Larvicidal Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Control Agent ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Mosquito Vector ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extracts

The present study larvicidal activities of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extracts of Halimeda macroloba, Decsne, Caulerpa racemosa (Frosk) Weber-Van-Bosses and Ulva lactuca Lin, (Chlorophyceae) against Aedes aegypti. The marine macro green algae extracts were tested against early 4th instar larvae of A. aegypti using WHO protocol and concentrations of 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 ppm. The observed mortality was made 24 and 48 h after treatment, data was subjected to probit analysis to determine the lethal concentration (LC50 and LC90) of the treated larvae of the tested species.Among the tested extracts the maximum efficicacy was observed in the ethyl acetate extracts. The ethyl acetate extracts of the seaweeds showed the presence of terpenoids, tannins and phenolic compounds stronger than the other extracts. The results revealed that all the extracts showed varied levels of larvicidal activity against A. aegypti tested. However, the ethyl acetate extract of C. racemosa showed remarkable larvicidal activity against A. aegypti (LC50=579.9 and LC90=1255.4 ppm values at 24 h and LC50 =495.4 and LC90 =1073.9 ppm at 48 h) followed by U. lactuca (LC50=588.1 and LC90=1290.7 ppm values at 24 h, and LC50= 530.8 and LC90= 1160.0 ppm at 48 h), respectively. The lowest larval mortality was observed with hexane extract of H. macroloba against A. aegypti with values of LC50=1116.8 and LC90= 1824.5 ppm (after 24 h) and LC50=1059.9 and LC90=1768.3 ppm (after 24 h). The present studies indicate that the larvicidal activity and phytochemicals derived from the ethyl acetate extract of C. racemosa have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach and effective mosquito vector control agent.

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Larvicidal Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Derris elliptica Root against the Third-instar Larvae of Cypermethrin-Resistant Aedes aegypti Offspring

Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases ◽

10.18502/jad.v14i4.5276 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sayono Sayono ◽

Risyandi Anwar ◽

Didik Sumanto

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Larvicidal Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Laboratory Strain ◽

The Third ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Four Levels ◽

Third Instar Larvae

Background: Derris elliptica extracts have a high larvicidal potential against the laboratory strain of Aedes aegypti larvae, but the effect on offspring larvae of pyrethroid-resistant strains of the species is lack understood. This study aimed to determine the larvicidal activity of the ethyl acetate extract of tuba root against the third-instar larvae of the Cypermethrin-resistant Ae. aegypti offspring. Methods: The experimental study occupied four levels of ethyl acetate extract of D. elliptica namely 10, 25, 50, and 100 ppm, and each level was four times replicated. As many as twenty of healthy third-instar larvae, offspring of Cypermethrin-resistant Ae. aegypti were subjected to each experiment group. Larval mortality rate and lethal concentration 50% subject (LC50) were calculated after 24 and 48 hours of exposure time. Results: Mortality of larvae increased directly proportional to the increase of extract concentration. Larval mortality rates after 24 and 48 hours of exposure were 40–67.5% and 62.5–97.5%, and LC50 were 34.945 and 6.461ppm, respectively. Conclusion: The ethyl acetate extract of D. elliptica has the high effectiveness larvicidal potential against the thirdinstar larvae, offspring of the Cypermethrin-resistant Ae. aegypti. Isolation of the specific compound is necessarily done to obtain the active ingredient for larvicide formulation.

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Antioxidant and Larvicidal Activities of Tephrosia Egregia Sandw against Aedes Aegypti

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0900400417 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 1934578X0900400 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ângela M. C. Arriaga ◽

Jefferson Q. Lima ◽

Jackson N. E Vasconcelos ◽

Maria C. F. de Oliveira ◽

Telma L. G. Lemos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Larvicidal Activity ◽

Hexane Extract ◽

High Antioxidant Activity ◽

Larvicidal Activities ◽

Low Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extracts

The antioxidant and larvicidal activities of Tephrosia egregia extracts and its major component, dehydrorotenone, were studied. High antioxidant activity was found for dehydrorotenone and methanol and ethyl acetate extracts from roots and stems, respectively. Among the tested extracts, the hexane extract from stems showed potent larvicidal activity (LC50 12.88 ± 0.64) while low activity was found for dehydrorotenone.

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Extracts of Amazonian Fungi With Larvicidal Activities Against Aedes aegypti

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.743246 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Marta Rodrigues de Oliveira ◽

Ricardo de Melo Katak ◽

Gilvan Ferreira da Silva ◽

Osvaldo Marinotti ◽

Olle Terenius ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Larvicidal Activity ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Fungal Strains ◽

Amazon Rain Forest ◽

Vector Management ◽

Global Increase ◽

Larvicidal Activities

The global increase in diseases transmitted by the vector Aedes aegypti, new and re-emerging, underscores the need for alternative and more effective methods of controlling mosquitoes. Our aim was to identify fungal strains from the Amazon rain forest that produce metabolites with larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. Thirty-six fungal strains belonging to 23 different genera of fungi, isolated from water samples collected in the state of Amazonas, Brazil were cultivated. The liquid medium was separated from the mycelium by filtration. Medium fractions were extracted with ethyl acetate and isopropanol 9:1 volume:volume, and the mycelia with ethyl acetate and methanol 1:1. The extracts were vacuum dried and the larvicidal activity was evaluated in selective bioassays containing 500 μg/ml of the dried fungal extracts. Larval mortality was evaluated up to 72 h. None of the mycelium extracts showed larvicidal activity greater than 50% at 72 h. In contrast, 15 culture medium extracts had larvicidal activity equal to or greater than 50% and eight killed more than 90% of the larvae within 72 h. These eight extracts from fungi belonging to seven different genera (Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Trichoderma, Diaporthe, Albifimbria, Emmia, and Sarocladium) were selected for the determination of LC50 and LC90. Albifimbria lateralis (1160) medium extracts presented the lowest LC50 value (0.268 μg/ml) after 24 h exposure. Diaporthe ueckerae (1203) medium extracts presented the lowest value of LC90 (2.928 μg/ml) at 24 h, the lowest values of LC50 (0.108 μg/ml) and LC90 (0.894 μg/ml) at 48 h and also at 72 h (LC50 = 0.062 μg/ml and LC90 = 0.476 μg/ml). Extracts from Al. lateralis (1160) and D. ueckerae (1203) showed potential for developing new, naturally derived products, to be applied in integrated vector management programs against Ae. aegypti.

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Aktivitas Larvasida Ekstrak Daun Tumih (Combretocarpus rotundatus (Miq.) Danser) terhadap Larva Aedes aegypti

Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan ◽

10.22146/jik.46208 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 77

Author(s):

Renhart Jemi ◽

Royda Dara Ertini Damanik ◽

Lies Indrayanti

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Functional Groups ◽

Larvicidal Activity ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Hexane Extract ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Ft Ir

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kadar ekstrak daun tumih dan menguji aktivitas larvasidanya terhadap Aedes aegypti. Daun tumih dimaserasi dan difraksinasi dengan pelarut metanol, n-heksana, etil asetat, dan etanol. Aktivitas larvasida ekstrak diuji dengan konsentrasi 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, dan 100 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen dari ekstraksi daun tumih pada berbagai larutan adalah sebagai berikut ekstrak metanol sebesar 15%, n-heksana 51%, etil asetat 35% dan etanol 85%. Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol daun tumih positif mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin. Pengujian larvasida ekstrak daun tumih menunjukkan pengaruh terhadap mortalitas larva Aedes aegypti. Aktivitas larvasida ekstrak daun tumih optimum pada ekstrak etil asetat dengan LC(50) = 24,54 ppm, ekstrak metanol LC(50) = 45,65 ppm, ekstrak etanol LC(50) = 46,77 ppm dan ekstrak n-heksana LC(50) = 48,97 ppm. Ekstrak etil asetat daun tumih merupakan ekstrak teraktif dalam aktivitas larvasidanya. Selanjutnya, analisis FT-IR menunjukkan adanya gugus fungsi C-H alkana dan C = C aromatik. Gugus fungsi tersebut diduga penyusun senyawa alkaloid, flavanoid, saponin, dan tanin. Hasil analisis LCMS mengindikasikan adanya 7 senyawa bioaktif yaitu hexadecyl-ferulate, 21-o-methyl toosendanopentaol, 23-acetate alismaketone, dehydroxy-24-acetate alisol, physanol, prosapogenin 2, dan stigmastan-3,6-dione Larvacide Activity of Tumih (Combretocarpus rotundatus (Miq.)Danser) Leaf Extracts against Aedes aegyptiAbstractThis research aimed to measure the content of Combretocarpus Rotundatus (Miq.) Danser leaf extracts and to test its larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. The leaves were macerated and fractionated using methanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The extract contents from the leaves extraction were metanol extract of 15%, n-hexane extract of 51%, ethyl acetate extract of 35% and ethanol extract of 85%. The larvicidal activity of extracts was tested with concentration of 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm. Phytochemicals test exhibited that the methanol extract of Combretocarpus rotundatus (Miq.) Danser leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Larvicidal test conducted on the extracts exhibited an effect on the mortality levels against Aedes aegypti larvae. The larvicidal activity of leaf extracts was optimum in the ethyl acetate extract at LC(50) = 24.54 ppm, methanol extract at LC(50) = 45.65 ppm, ethanol extract at LC(50) = 46.77 ppm, and n-hexane extract at LC(50 = 48.97 ppm. It was found that the ethyl acetate extract was the most active larvicide. FT-IR analysis showed existing functional groups of C-H alkanes and C=C aromatics. Those functional groups were assumed to be flavanoid, alkaloid, saponin, and tannin constituents. Results of LC-MS analysis indicated 7 bioactive compounds i.e.hexadecyl-ferulate, 21-o-methyl toosendanopentaol, 23-acetate alismaketone, dehydroxy-24-acetate alisol, prosapogenin 2, and stigmastan-3,6- dione.

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AKTIVITAS LARVISIDAL EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT DAN HEKSANA DARI FILTRAT Beauveria bassiana TERHADAP Aedes aegypti

BERITA BIOLOGI ◽

10.14203/beritabiologi.v18i3.3618 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

Author(s):

I Nyoman Pugeg Aryantha ◽

Wahyu Setyaji Dwiantara

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Larvicidal Activity ◽

Control Agent ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Hexane Extract ◽

Potato Dextrose Broth ◽

Synthetic Pesticides ◽

Biological Insect Control

Beauveria bassiana produces several metabolites that are toxic to insects so that it can be used as a biological insect control agent as an alternative to synthetic pesticides. The aim of this study was to determine the larvicidal activity of ethyl acetate and hexane extract from B. bassiana filtrate culture against Aedes aegypti 2nd instar larvae. This research was it cooked by determining the optimum age of spore inoculum of B. bassiana on the Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) based on the number of spores and its viability. Afterwards, we determine the incubation time of B. bassiana in the Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) in order to obtain filtrate culture which have highest mortality effects against Ae. aegypti 2nd instar larvae. B. bassiana filtrate culture was extracted with hexane and ethyl acetate and tested aegypti for larvicidal activity with a concentration range of 50, 100, 200, 300 ppm. The LC50 value was carried out by probit analysis. The results showed that ninth day old culture in the PDA was the optimum age of spore inoculum with the spore number and viability were 2.54 x 107 spore/mL and 93.46% respectively. The filtrate of sixth day old culture in PDB medium gave 100% mortality against 2nd instar Ae. Aegypti larvae. LC50 values of ethyl acetate and hexane extract were 117.28 dan 287.09 ppm. These results showed that the ethyl acetate and hexane extract of B. bassiana filtrate culture have biopesticide potential against 2nd instar Ae. aegypti larvae.

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Larvicidal Effect of Vinca Fruit Extract (Vinca rosea) Against Aedes aegypti Larvae and Secondary Metabolites Profile by Thin Layer Chromatography

Biology Medicine & Natural Product Chemistry ◽

10.14421/biomedich.2014.31.31-33 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

Rahmawati Ekaputri ◽

Sudarsono Sudarsono ◽

Budi Mulyaningsih

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Thin Layer ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

Larvicidal Activity ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Mosquito Vector ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Vinca Rosea ◽

Layer Chromatography

Background: Vinca rosea is known contain alkaloids, it was usually used to treat various diseases. Alkaloids from Vinca leaves are also already known have larvicidal activity. Based on this toxicological activity, the fruit of Vinca rosea was selected to investigation its larvicidal activity against the 3rd instar larvae of the mosquito vector of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) Aedes aegypti. Five concentrations of Vinca fruit extract were tested against the 3rd instar Aedes aegypti larvae. The different larval mortality percentages were recorded after 24 hours. Lethal concentration (LC50 anf LC90) of Vinca fruit extract were calculated using Probit analysis. Phytochemical compounds of ethanolic extract also investigated using Thin layer Chromatography (TLC). LC50 and LC90 values of fruit extract were 2.987 mg/ml and 32.861 mg/ml. Alkaloids were detected in extract.

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In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Crude Extracts of Harpagophytum Zeyheri and Their Anti-Inflammatory and Cytotoxicity Activity Compared With Diclofenac.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-208753/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sibonokuhle F. Ncube ◽

Lyndy J. McGaw ◽

Emmanuel Mfotie Njoya ◽

Hilton G.T. Ndagurwa ◽

Peter J. Mundy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Cytotoxicity Activity ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Low Toxicity ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Abstract Background This study evaluated the in vitro antioxidant activity and comparison of anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of Harpagopytum zeyheri with diclofenac. Methods In vitro assays were conducted using water, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of H.zeyheri. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) and 2,2'- azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS)assays. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined by measuring the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages as well as cytokine (TNF-α and IL-10) expression on LPS-induced U937 human macrophages. For cytotoxicity, cell viability was determined using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results The ethyl acetate extract had the lowest IC50 values in the DPPH (5.91µg/ml) and ABTS (20.5µg/ml) assay compared to other extracts. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate extracts effectively inhibited NO and TNF-α and proved to be comparable to diclofenac at some concentrations. All extracts of H. zeyheri displayed dose dependent activity and were associated with low levels of human-IL-10 expression compared to quercetin. Furthermore, all extracts displayed low toxicity relative to diclofenac. Conclusions These findings show that H. zeyheri has significant antioxidant activity. Additionally, similarities exist in inflammatory activity of H. zeyheri to diclofenac at some concentrations as well as low toxicity in comparison to diclofenac.

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EFFECT OF Gliricidia sepium LEAVES EXTRACTS ON Aedes aegypti: LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY

Journal of Phytology ◽

10.19071/jp.2015.v7.2898 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 26 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Krishnaveni K.V. ◽

ThaiyalNayaki R. ◽

Balasubramanian, G M*.

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Larvicidal Activity ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

High Rate ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Health Significance

Mosquitoes are the single most important group of insects in terms of public health significance and causing diseases. They are the vectors for the transmission of many viral pathogens and pose serious threat to human health. Chemical insecticides are widely used but they are non-selective and harmful to beneficial organisms. In the present study G. Sepium leaves extracts were used to analyse its effect against Aedes aegypti, to compare the mortality rate while using different solvent extracts of the leaf, to identify the solvent extract which give high rate of larval mortality and to characterise the compounds present in the corresponding leaf extract using phytochemical analysis. The ethanolic extract of G. sepium leaves constitute flavanoids, steroids, glycoside, carbohydrate and saponins compound. Thus it was found to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of larvae than other solvent extracts. In the statistical analysis highest significant difference was observed between 1.5g/l and 2.0g/l concentration of ethanolic extract and other extracts. However no significant difference was observed in other concentrations. The larvicidal activity of the plant extract may be attributed to the presence of active compounds like terpinoids, saponins and steroids.

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New Purinyl-Steroid and Other Constituents from the Marine Fungus Penicillium brefeldianum ABC190807: Larvicidal Activities against Aedes aegypti

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2021/6640552 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Zong-Min Hou ◽

Sen-Quan Yu ◽

Min Tao ◽

Cai-Bei Xia ◽

Yu-Lian Xia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Larvicidal Activity ◽

2D Nmr ◽

Marine Fungus ◽

Mangrove Sediment ◽

Health Issues ◽

Etoac Extract ◽

The Third ◽

Larvicidal Activities ◽

Third Instar Larvae

Mosquitoes historically threatened human health; the major mosquito-related global health issues include malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, and Zika, as well as several other vector-borne outbreaks. Here, the EtOAc extract of the mangrove sediment fungus Penicillium brefeldianum ABC190807 exerted larvicidal activities against the third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti with an LC50 of 0.089 mg/mL. One new purinyl-steroid (ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl) (1)), along with six (2–7) known compounds, were isolated from the EtOAc extract of Penicillium brefeldianum ABC190807. Structures of the compounds were elucidated via 1D/2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS data. Respective spectral data were compared with those of known compounds. Among all compounds whose larvicidal activity against the third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti was evaluated, compounds 2 and 7 showed larvicidal activity with respective LC50 values of 0.452 and 0.337 mg/mL.

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