scholarly journals A comparative study to evaluate the effects of antibiotics, plant extracts and fluoride-based toothpaste on the oral pathogens isolated from patients with gum diseases in Pakistan

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hassan ◽  
F. Shafique ◽  
H. Bhutta ◽  
K. Haq ◽  
T. Almansouri ◽  
...  

Abstract Oral diseases caused by various microorganisms are common around the world. Scientific research has now been focusing on novel medicines to overcome bacterial resistance and antibiotics side effects; therefore, the current study was designed to assess the efficacy of certain antibiotics, toothpaste, and medicinal plant extracts (Ajuga bracteosa and Curcuma longa) versus the bacterial pathogens isolated from the human oral cavity. A total of 130 samples were collected from Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan, among those 27 species isolated, and eight bacterial species were identified from the samples. Among all the bacterial species, Staphylococcus aureus (29.62%) and Proteus mirabilis (22.2%) were found to be more prevalent oral pathogens. In comparison, the least pervasive microbes were Proteus vulgaris, Shigella sonnei, Escherichia coli and Aeromonas hydrophila. The study also suggested that dental problems were more prevalent in males (41-50 years of age) than females. Among the eight antibiotics used in the study, the most promising results were shown by Foxicillin against A. hydrophila. The survey of TP1 revealed that it showed more potent antagonist activity against Proteus vulgaris as compared TP2 and TP3 that might be due to the high content of fluoride. The Curcuma longa showed more significant activity than Ajuga bracteosa (Stem, leaves and root) extracts. The data obtained through this study revealed that antibiotics were more effective for oral bacterial pathogens than toothpaste and plant extracts which showed moderate and low activity, respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that the active compounds in individual medicinal plants like Curcuma longa and Ajuga bracteosa could replace the antibiotics when used in daily routine as tooth cleansers or mouth rinses.

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (01) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Aneeqa Naz ◽  
Azra ◽  
Asghar Javaid ◽  
Muhammad Al-Fareed Zafar ◽  
Zeeshan Nawaz ◽  
...  

This study was conducted to find out the effectiveness of some antibiotics, toothpastes, and medicinal plant extracts against the bacterial species isolated from human gums. A total of 125 samples were collected. The male and female patients were with the age from 15-60 years. A total of 27 species were isolated and identified. Among those bacterial species, Streptococcus mutans was most prevalent 29.62%, followed by Lactobacillus acidophilus 22.22%, Streptococcus sobrinus 18.51% and S aureus 14.81% respectively. While Micrococcus spp. 3.7%, Streptococcus sanguinis 3.7%, Actinomyces viscosus 3.7% and Aeromonas were least prevalent. To observe the most effective treatment for gum infections, the isolated strains were subjected to the sensitivity tests against antibiotics, toothpastes and plant extracts. The maximum zone of inhibition formed by Sulfamethoxazole was found against Staph aurus 33mm, while the minimum zone by Amoxicillin was observed against Streptococcus sobrinus (6mm). The maximum zone of inhibition by Toothpaste 1 (Fluoride and salt) was against Micrococcus spp. 34mm. The maximum zone of inhibition by Curcuma longa against S. mutans was 22mm, while the minimum zone by Ajuga bracteosa against S. mutans was 11mm. The data obtained through this study revealed that antibiotics were more effective for the treatment of oral bacterial pathogens as compared to toothpaste and plant extracts with moderate and low activity, respectively. Therefore, it is strongly suggested that use of antibiotics during infection and toothpaste with fluoride and salt contents in daily routine could help in the elimination of bacterial pathogens to maintain oral health.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8479
Author(s):  
Sereen M. B. Bataineh ◽  
Yaser H. Tarazi ◽  
Wafá A. Ahmad

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of medicinal Methanolic plant extracts against multidrug-resistant bacteria to determine the cytotoxicity of these extracts on eukaryotic cells, and to confirm their efficacy against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in experimental animals. The effects of the methanol extract of sixty folk plants were investigated on; MRSA, Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase E. coli and MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa by disc diffusion and MIC assay. Cytotoxicity was determined using MTT and hemolysis of human erythrocytes. Three plant extracts with the highest antimicrobial activities were tested using a challenge experiment on mice. Systemic infection was performed by intraperitoneal inoculation of (5 × 106 CFU/mL) of MRSA isolate. Then mice received 300 mg/kg body weight of the plant extracts daily for seven days. The efficacy of plant extracts was evaluated by general health, mortality rate, gross lesion, and histopathology study of inoculated mice. Only ten plants showed activities against different MDR bacteria with inhibitory zones ranging from (8 to 22 mm) in diameter. Of the ten medicinal plant extracts, and Aloysia citrodora showed the highest activities against MRSA and Camellia sinensis MSSA isolates, with MIC values ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/mL, followed by Hibiscus sabdariffa, Thymus vulgaris, and Glycyrrhiza glabra. Furthermore, the extract of the effective plants showed low toxicity against Vero and fibroblasts cell lines, along with inhibitory activities to erythrocytes membrane disruption. The in vivo study demonstrated that Camellia sinensis showed significant activity against MRSA infections in mice. The results validate that these plants are effective and safe antibacterial agents against multidrug-resistance bacteria, and have the potential to be utilized as an alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections.


Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 998
Author(s):  
Kartini Kartini ◽  
Amarisa Alviani ◽  
Dia Anjarwati ◽  
Adinda Finna Fanany ◽  
Johan Sukweenadhi ◽  
...  

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are an interesting metal nanoparticle that can be incorporated into pharmaceutical products, including for diabetic foot ulcers as an antimicrobial agent. Green synthesis of AgNPs using plant extracts has been drawing much attention as it is simple, eco-friendly, stable, and cost-effective. This present study was performed to evaluate the potential of three Indonesian medicinal plant extracts, namely Phyllanthus niruri (PN), Orthosiphon stamineus (OS), and Curcuma longa (CL), as reducing and capping agents in the green synthesis of AgNPs, and to optimize their concentrations. Based on the yields and characteristics of the formed nanoparticles, which were analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffractometer, Phyllanthus niruri extract at a concentration of 0.5% was concluded as the best extract in the green synthesis of AgNPs. It is thereby a prospective reducing and capping agent for further scale-up studies.


2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 923-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Frank ◽  
Saleh Abu-Lafi ◽  
Azmi Adawi ◽  
Johannes S. Schwed ◽  
Holger Stark ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
SWETA KUMARI ◽  
VIRENDRA VAISHNAV

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of some plant extracts they are-Curcuma longa, Cinnamomum tamala, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Azadirachta indica, Datura stramonium, Zingiber officinale, Punica granatum and Cinnamomum cassia against Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. Methods: The evaluation of antibacterial activity for different extracts of each plant was carried out by using the disc diffusion method and by pouring technique to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results: In the disc diffusion method the plant extracts showed zone of inhibition ranging 02.0 to 16.0 mm against bacteria and In pouring technique plant extracts showed positive control against pure culture of a bacterium and their efficiency in terms of MICs where ranged from 0.2 gm/ml to 0.8 gm/ml. The extracts of Curcuma longa and Cinnamomum tamala shown high efficiency then other plant extracts in terms of zone of inhibition and also in pouring technique less amount of extracts was inhibited the growth of bacteria. Conclusion: This study indicates that extracts of these plants have antibacterial activity against bacteria. This report supports their use in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria.


2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 882-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Sathisha ◽  
H. B. Lingaraju ◽  
K. Sham Prasad

The antioxidant potential of some herbal plant extracts (commercial products) was measured using variousin vitroassays. Among the extracts fromCurcuma longa, Caffea arabica, Tribulus terrestris, Bacopa monnieriandTrigonella foenum- graecum, theCurcuma longaand coffee bean extract (Caffea Arabica) showed greater antioxidant activity measured as scavenging of DPPH, superoxide radicals, reducing power and inhibition of microsomal lipid peroxidation.


2016 ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Kanta Das ◽  
Ayesha Abedin ◽  
Rashed Noor

In aquaculture, the incidence of bacterial resistance towards synthetic antibiotics has become a serious problem. Therefore, current research has been focused on detecting the presence of pathogenic bacteria in water bodies and finding a novel therapy against pathogens imparted by the natural products replacing the use of synthetic antibiotics. A total of 10 pond water samples were analysed to determine the pathogenic load employing conventional cultural and biochemical tests. Anti-bacterial activities of natural plants on fish pathogens were determined using the agar-well-diffusion method. All the water samples studied high heterotrophic bacteria counts, which were upto 109 cfu/ml. Among bacterial pathogens, Pseudomonas spp. and Vibrio spp. were found to be present in 6 samples and Aeromonas spp. in 2 samples. The in vitro anti-bacterial activity of the herbal plant extracts against the bacterial pathogens revealed that most of the plant extracts are effective against the pathogenic bacterial isolates.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 31, Number 1-2,June-Dec 2014, pp 9-12


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 2328-2334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanaa Elgamily ◽  
Rehab Safy ◽  
Rabab Makharita

AIM: This study investigated the antibacterial efficacy of five plant extracts, as well as the combinations of the two most effective plant, extracts either with or without commercial varnish (MI varnish) on the in vitro growth of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus in comparison to MI varnish using agar disk diffusion and broth dilution methods. METHODS: Methanolic extractions of five plants (Cinnamon, Turmeric, Ginger, Clove and Black seed,) were tested against the growth of the two oral pathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined for the two most effective extracts, and their combinations with different ratios were evaluated against the growth of the two oral pathogens, followed by incorporating the two effective plants or each into commercial MI varnish to be assessed against the oral pathogens in comparison to MI varnish. RESULTS: Only Cinnamon and Clove produced inhibition zones against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus growth. MIC for the two plants showed equal antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, while Cinnamon had a higher sensitivity to Lactobacillus acidophilus than Clove. A mixture of Cinnamon and Clove in a ratio 1:2 exhibited the highest antibacterial activity. Integration the mixture of both plants into MI varnish in a ratio of 1:1:1 presented the highest antibacterial activity. Meanwhile, the lowest one was recorded for the MI varnish alone. CONCLUSION: Methanolic extract of Cinnamon and Clove has considerable antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus and a new tool for minimally invasive and adhesive dentistry avenues.


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