scholarly journals Shading minimizes the effects of water deficit in Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg seedlings

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. M. Bartieres ◽  
D. M. Dresch ◽  
L. C. Reis ◽  
Z. V. Pereira ◽  
R. M. Mussury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Photochemical Process ◽  
Intermittent Irrigation

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the functioning of the photosystem II and quality of C. xanthocarpa seedlings cultivated under intermittent water deficit and shading levels and the influence of shading on recovery potential after suspension of the stress conditions. The seedlings were subjected to three levels of shading (0, 30, and 70%), six periods of evaluation (start: 0 days; 1st and 2nd photosynthesis zero: 1st and 2nd P0; 1st and 2nd recovery: 1stand 2nd REC; and END), and two forms of irrigation (control: periodically irrigated to maintain 70% substrate water retention capacity, and intermittent irrigation: suspension of irrigation). The plants subjected to intermittent irrigation conditions at 0% shading showed a reduction in water potential (Ψw) and potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and maximum efficiency of the photochemical process (Fv/F0) and an increase in basal quantum production of the non-photochemical processes (F0/Fm). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher in the leaves than in the roots. The C. xanthocarpa is a species sensitive to water deficit but presents strategies to adapt to an environment under temporary water restriction, which are more temporary are most efficient under shading. The seedlings with water deficit at all levels of shading exhibited higher protective antioxidant activity and lower quality at 0% shading. The shading minimizes prevents permanent damage to the photosystem II and after the re-irrigation, the evaluated characteristics showed recovery with respect to the control group, except POD and SOD activities in the leaves.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SEED SIZE ON MAIZE SEEDLINGS WHEN SOWN UNDER WATER DEFICIT CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
DANIELLE REZENDE VILELA ◽  
NATHALIA REZENDE RIBEIRO ◽  
HELOISA OLIVEIRA DOS SANTOS ◽  
ÉDILA VILELA RESENDE VON PINHO ◽  
RENATO COELHO DE CASTRO VASCONCELLOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Round Hole ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Tolerant Line ◽  
Seminal Roots

Seed size may affect the initial development of seedlings, especially under adverse conditions such as water deficit. The objective of this study was to characterize the influence of seed size on traits presented by maize seedlings under contrasting conditions of water availability. The experiment was conducted with a tolerant line (L91), a non-tolerant line (L57), and with the F2 resulting from the cross between those lines. The seeds were classified with the use of round-hole sieves and those retained on sieves of sizes 22, 20 and 18/64” were used. The seeds were sown in trays containing sand and, in order to simulate water deficit, the water retention capacity was adjusted to 10% (stress) and 70% (control). Four replications were used, with 25 seeds per treatment, which were stored in a growth chamber at 25 ºC for 7 days. Then the number of seminal roots, length of root and shoot, and their weights (fresh, dry and total) were evaluated. The seed size directly influences the development of maize seedlings, when subjected to water restriction, regardless of whether they are lines or F2. In this case, the larger-size sieves (22 and 20) were superior when compared with the size 18. In the early stages, the L57 was more tolerant to water restriction when compared with L91.

scholarly journals New approaches to the action of silicon to enable the cultivation of Panicum maximum in soil with water restriction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Ricardo Rocha ◽  
Renato Mello Prado ◽  
Marisa Cássia Piccolo
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
C And N

Abstract Climate change increases the occurrence of droughts, decreasing the production of tropical forages through the induction of physiological stress. Si is expected to broaden the limit from physiological stress of forages grown under water restriction, which may come from an improvement in the stoichiometric homeostasis of Si with N and C, favoring physiological aspects. This study assessed whether Si supply via fertigation improves physiological aspects and the water content in the plant by means of an antioxidant defense system and changes in the C:N:Si stoichiometry during the regrowth of two cultivars of Panicum maximum grown under two soil water regimes (70 and 40% of the soil’s water retention capacity). The forages studied are sensitive to water deficit without silicon supply. The application of Si via fertigation attenuated the water deficit, favoring plant growth by stabilizing the stoichiometric homeostasis C:N and C:Si, which are responsible for increasing the plant capacity of converting accumulated C in dry mass, favoring the water content of the plant tissue and the photosynthetic efficiency. This study highlights the importance of the physiological function of Si, and effects on the stoichiometry of C and N, which are neglected in most research on forages grown under water restriction.

scholarly journals Enzymatic activity and gene expression related to drought stress tolerance in maize seeds and seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. e37079
Author(s):  
Milena Christy Santos ◽  
Édila Vilela de Resende Von Pinho ◽  
Heloisa Oliveira dos Santos ◽  
Danielle Rezende Vilela ◽  
Izabel Costa Silva Neta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Different Tissues

Drought stress is a major limiting factor for the development of maize, and the identification of the expression of genes related to this stress in seeds and seedlings can be an important tool to accelerate the selection process. The expression of genes related to tolerance to water deficit in seeds and in different tissues of maize seedlings were evaluated. Four tolerant genotypes (91-T, 32-T, 91x75-T, 32x75-T) and four non-tolerant genotypes (37-NT, 57-NT, 37x57-NT and 31x37-NT) were seeded in a substrate with 10% (stress) and 70% (control) water retention capacity. The expression of 4 enzymes were evaluated: catalase (CAT), peroxidase (PO), esterase (EST), and heat-resistant protein (HRP), as well as the relative expression of 6 genes: ZmLEA3, ZmPP2C, ZmCPK11, ZmDREB2A/2.1s, ZmDBP3 and ZmAN13 were evaluated in seed, shoots and roots of seedlings submitted or not to stress. There was variation in the expression of CAT, PO, SOD, EST and HRP enzymes among the evaluated genotypes and also in the different tissues evaluated. Higher expression of the CAT and PO was observed in the shoots. There was a greater expression of the EST in the genotypes non-tolerant to water deficit. HRP was expressed only in seeds. In the aerial part of maize seedlings, classified as tolerant, higher expression of genes ZmLEA3 and ZmCPK11 was observed. There was a higher expression of the ZmAN13 and ZmDREB2A/2.1S genes in roots developed under stress conditions and a higher expression of the ZmPP2C gene in seeds of line 91-T, which is classified as tolerant to drought stress.

scholarly journals Water deficit modifies C:N:P stoichiometry affecting sugarcane and energy cane yield and its relationships with silicon supply

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Santana Batista de Oliveira Filho ◽  
Renato de Mello Prado ◽  
Gelza Carliane Marques Teixeira ◽  
Marisa de Cássia Piccolo ◽  
Antonio Márcio Souza Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
C:N:P Stoichiometry ◽  
Energy Cane ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Conversion Rates

AbstractClimate change has increased the occurrence of water deficit in regions where sugarcane and energy cane are cultivated, jeopardizing dry matter production of stems. It was hypothesized that the reasons behind this fact relate to C:N:P stoichiometric modifications in these species that impair the conversion rates of accumulated nutrients in the stems, which could be attenuated by supplying silicon (Si) to the crops. Thus, the aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of water deficit in sugarcane and energy cane ratoons in the presence and absence of Si, in the C:N:P stoichiometry of stems, in the use efficiency of these nutrients and in the accumulation of dry matter in stems. Two experiments were carried out, using sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and energy cane (S. spontaneum), cultivated in pots filled with a Typic Quartzipisamment. The treatments for both experiments were arranged in a factorial scheme 2 × 2, without (70% of the soil’s water retention capacity) and with (30% of the capacity) water deficit, without and with the application of Si via fertirrigation, associated with foliar pulverization, both at a concentration of 2.5 mmol L−1, arranged in randomized blocks. The reduction in dry matter production of stems in both species caused by water deficit was due to modifications of the C, N and P stoichiometric homeostasis, but the benefit of Si in these plants when increasing dry matter production was not a reflection of the change in homeostasis, thus it may be involved in other mechanisms that remain unknown and should be further studied.

scholarly journals Growth, Photosynthesis and Quality of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) as Influenced by Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNP) Application

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Rukhsar- E- Rashim Mohammed Yusufirashim ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Ibrahim ◽  
Che Azurahanim Che Abdullah ◽  
Ayu Azera Izad
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Photochemical Process ◽  
Ipomoea Aquatica ◽  
Use Efficiency

Aims: To characterize the growth, carbon assimilation and quality of Ipomoea aquatica as influenced by magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) application as well as to determine the best rates of iron oxide nanoparticles that give high growth, carbon assimilation and quality of Ipomoea aquatica. Study Design: Ipomoea aquatica plants were exposed to four different treatments of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg L-1). The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. One unit of experiment consisted of 8 plants and there were 96 plants used in the experiment. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, between March 2018 and July 2018. Methodology: The growth parameters measured included: plant height, basal diameter, total leaf number, leaf temperature, total chlorophyll content and plant biomass. The carbon assimilation parameters were measured using IRGA (Infrared Gas Analyzer, LICOR 6400 XT Portable Photosynthesis System). i.e. transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance and water use efficiency (WUE). The chlorophyll fluorescence were measured by using Pocket PEA that measured maximum efficiency of photosystem ii, (fv/fm), maximum quantum yield of phytochemical and non-photochemical process in photosystem II (fv/fo), minimal fluorescence (fo), performance index (PI) and Density of Reaction Centers Per PSII Antenna Chlorophyll (RC/ABS). Total phenolics and flavonoids contents in leaves were measured using Folin-Ciocalteu method. Results: It was observed that plant height, shoot length, plant temperature, total biomass, and total chlorophyll content were significantly influenced (p≤0.05) by the different concentrations of magnetic nanoparticles. The net photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), maximum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/fm), maximum quantum yield of phytochemical and non-photochemical process in photosystem II (Fv/fo), performance index and the density of reaction centers per PSII antenna chlorophyll of Ipomoea aquatica were significantly reduced at higher concentration of magnetic nanoparticles. However, water use efficiency and minimal fluorescence value (Fo) of Ipomoea aquatica increased with increase of MNP concentration. In addition, the application of magnetic nanoparticles significantly influenced (P≤0.05) the total flavonoids and total phenolics content in water spinach. Both of these parameters were increased when higher concentration of magnetic nanoparticles was applied to Ipomoea aquatica. This study showed that MNP affected the growth, carbon assimilation and secondary metabolites production of Ipomoea aquatica. Conclusion: In conclusion, the higher concentration of magnetic nanoparticles reduced the growth rate and carbon assimilation of water spinach and enhanced the production of secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals Study of the influence of adaptogens on the water regime of some varieties of the genus Chrysanthemum L. during the introduction into the Bashkir Pre-Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 (11) ◽  
pp. 2-13
Author(s):  
Svetlana Denisova ◽  
Antonina Reut
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Total Water Content ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Retention Capacity

Abstract. Purpose. Study of the effect of anti-stress adaptogens on the water regime of some varieties of chrysanthemum in the conditions of the Bashkir Pre-Urals. Methodology and methods. The analysis of indicators of water regime is based on the method of artificial wilting (V. N. Tarenkov, L. N. Ivanova) and the method of saturation of plant samples (V. P. Moiseev, N. P. Reshetskiy). Plants were processed once, and samples were taken in three terms. Calculations were carried out by standard methods using statistical packages of the Microsoft Excel 2003 and the Agros 2.13. Results. The dynamics of indicators of the water regime during the treatment with the preparations “Gumi-20” and “Oberig” is analyzed. An assessment of the total water content, water retention capacity, daily moisture loss and water deficit of ten varieties of chrysanthemum bred by the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of UFRC RAS (SUBGI UFRC RAS) in the period under study is given. Studies have shown that varieties of chrysanthemum in the Bashkir Ural under the same soil-climatic and agrotechnical conditions had the following indicators: total water content ‒ 69.4–86.9 %, water-holding capacity ‒ 25.6–53.8 %, daily moisture loss ‒ 17.2–61.0 %, water deficit ‒ 10.9–13.2 %. The use of anti-stress adaptogens did not have a significant effect on the parameters of the water regime, or their effect was variety-specific. As a result of the correlation-regression analysis, inverse relationships were revealed between the indicators of water deficit and the total water content, as well as between the daily water loss and water retention capacity. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the water regime of varieties of chrysanthemum of the SUBGI UFRC RAS selection was studied, the dependences of the water regime indicators were revealed, and the assessment of the expediency of using anti-stress adaptogens for certain varieties in the conditions of the Bashkir Pre-Urals was given.

scholarly journals Physiological Changes of Wheat Varieties Under Water Deficit Condition

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Tasmina ◽  
AR Khan ◽  
A Karim ◽  
N Akter ◽  
R Islam
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Water Saturation Deficit ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Relative Water

The experiment was carried out at the research field of the Department of Agronomy of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during November 2014 to March 2015 to assess and evaluate the physiological derivations of wheat varieties under water deficit condition. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design comprising two water regimes (irrigated or control and water stress) in main plot and three wheat varieties (BARI Gom 25, BARI Gom 26 and Sourav) in sub-plot with four replications. Surface irrigation was applied into the irrigated plots in total growing season but it was applied in water stress plots up to 21 days after sowing after that irrigation was stopped in water stress plots. It was revealed that studied parameters were significantly influenced by water regimes, variety and their interaction. The xylem exudation rate, light interception, SPAD value, leaf water potential, relative water content, water retention capacity was higher in irrigated condition where canopy temperature, water uptake capacity, water saturation deficit higher in water stress condition.The wheat var. BARI Gom 26 showed the highest PAR, SPAD value, leaf water potential, relative water content, water retention capacity where BARI Gom 25 exhibit lowest under water deficit condition. On the other hand, BARI Gom 25 showd the highest canopy temperature, water uptake capacity and water saturation deficit in water deficit condition. Therefore, considering the physiological performance and other characters BARI Gom 26 could be considered preferably for water shortage condition followed by Sourav where BARI Gom 25 was susceptible one.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2016 19(2): 105-114

scholarly journals Physiological analysis and gene expression analysis of ZmDBP3, ZmALDH9, ZmAN13, and ZmDREB2A in maize lines

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e43479
Author(s):  
Thaís Lima Marques ◽  
Renzo Garcia Von Pinho ◽  
Édila Vilela de Resende Von Pinho ◽  
Bruno da Costa Paniago ◽  
Natália Chagas Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Transcript Analysis ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Physiological Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this study was to evaluate gene expression related to water deficit tolerance in maize lines. For this, lines previously classified as tolerant (91-T and 32-T) and non-tolerant (24-NT and 57-NT) to water deficit were used. The seeds of the four lines were evaluated for emergence and emergence speed index, and the seedlings were evaluated for root and shoot length under two conditions of water availability (70 and 10% substrate water retention capacity). In transcript analysis, the expression of several genes associated with water deficit tolerance, ZmDBP3, ZmALDH9, ZmAN13, and ZmDREB2A, was evaluated by qRT-PCR for the 91-T and 57-NT lines. It can be concluded that soil water deficiency did not reduce root development. However, the shoot length was significantly lower under dry conditions. Through transcript analysis, the genes ZmDBP3 and ZmAN13 were identified as potential markers for the early selection of maize lines tolerant to water deficit.

scholarly journals Research on the Application of Palm Mat Geotextiles for Sand Fixation in the Hobq Desert

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Zhong ◽  
Zhiwen Han ◽  
Aimin Li ◽  
Heqiang Du
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Laboratory Simulation ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Fixation Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Retention Capacity

Traditional sand fixation measures have many limitations. For example, engineering sand fixation measures using barriers cannot completely stabilize sand dunes. Biological sand fixation measures utilizing planted vegetation are very difficult to build during the early stages of desertification control. Chemical sand fixation measures spray chemically bonded materials on sand dunes to form a consolidated layer to prevent sand flow, but the cost of the materials used is relatively high. Therefore, new sand fixation technologies and methods urgently need to be developed. This study demonstrates a new sand fixation method, which uses palm mat geotextiles to stabilize sand dunes and to plant grass. We investigated the physical properties of these palm mat geotextiles in the laboratory and observed vegetation growth in the Hobq Desert. The results showed the following: (1) Palm mat geotextiles are lighter and tougher than common straw mat geotextiles. The average weight, thickness, and tensile strength of palm mat geotextiles are 2023 g/m2, 20.14 mm, and 842–860 kPa, respectively. After a year of field observations, the tensile strength decreased by only 2%. (2) Palm mat geotextiles have excellent water retention capacity and scouring resistance; the maximum water content reached 227%, and the substrate lost 2.9% after laboratory simulation of heavy rainfall for three hours with a rainfall intensity of 30 mm h−1. (3) Palm mat geotextiles significantly decreased the soil temperature and increased moisture in summer. The results showed that the palm mat geotextiles had the largest influence on soil temperature in the upper 5 cm of soil and the largest influence on soil moisture in the upper 10 cm of soil. (4) The field experimental results showed that, by the end of the experiment, the vegetation coverage and the biomass of the palm mat geotextiles with dimensions of 2 × 2 m were 3.9 times and 4.1 times that of the control group and 1.7 times and 1.8 times that of the group of high-banded Salix psammophila sand barriers, which are widely used in the Hobq Desert at present. Palm mat geotextiles are a promising material for sand fixation in the Hobq Desert.

scholarly journals Analysis of the bioavailability of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) based on the determination of chromium in Mentha piperita by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Djogo ◽  
Slavica Razic ◽  
Dragan Manojlovic ◽  
Latinka Slavkovic
Keyword(s):  
Certified Reference Materials ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Iron And Manganese

Mentha piperita L. (Lamiace) was cultivated under the controlled laboratory conditions in the presence of varying levels of trivalent and hexavalent chromium in order to determine its capacity to control chromium uptake and its tolerance limit. The plants were grown in pots at 25?C with controlled soil moisture (about 80 % of the water retention capacity). The soil was treated with increasing concentrations of Cr(NO3)3 (40, 80, 120, and 200 mg kg-1) and K2Cr2O7 (2.5, 5, 10, and 15 mg kg-1). A control group of plants was grown without the addition of chromium to the soil. For each concentration, three acidity levels were tested: natural, one pH unit below and one above the natural acidity of the soil (pH2 = 6, pH1 = 5 and pH3 = 7). The plant samples were digested according to the standard procedure and chromium content was determined by GFAAS. For all plants, the transportation index was calculated and the results (expressed in mg kg-1) at pH1, pH2 and pH3, respectively, were: 0.21-0.80, 0.06-1.06 and 0.04-0.52. The recoveries were good (72.73-115.3 %) as evidenced by the analysis of certified reference materials (NIST SRM 8433 - Corn Bran and NIST SRM 1547 - Peach Leaves). The mobility of chromium through the plants tissues is discussed in regard to its competition with iron and manganese for transport binding sites; hence Mn and Fe were also determined.

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