scholarly journals Habitat selection by Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) in Siran and Kaghan Valleys, Pakistan

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Ullah ◽  
S. Mahmood ◽  
Z. Iqbal ◽  
J. Khan ◽  
N. Akhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Bear ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Encounter Rate ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Asiatic Black Bear ◽  
Food Protection ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Abstract Asiatic black bear is present in variety of habitats like broad-leaves and coniferous forests, extending form sea level to 4300m elevation and change their habitat for food purpose seasonally. The present study was conducted at Kaghan and Siran Valleys, District Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan to assess habitat of black bear. Line transect method was used for observation of bear signs. Twelve meter circular radius plots were selected for the concern vegetation’s i.e. (trees, shrubs and herbs) and three to six plots were placed in each transect. At the result of sign survey, thirteen different categories of bear signs were recorded and encounter rate was calculated for each sign. A total of 1858 signs were observed during field surveys. Total (81%) coniferous species were recoded among trees, with the highest appearance of Pinus wallichiana (34.22%) and Spruce spp (27.76%), similarly broad leaves trees (18.56%) were also recoded from habitat plots. Most of the signs were encountered in bushy areas, whereas high number of Viburnum Spp (60.29%) was present. It is indicated that black bear prefers blend of Coniferous Trees, Viburnum and Ferns Species; probably because these plants provide enough food, protection, and meticulous shelter because more than 80% of habitat composed of these three species. Currently habitat destruction and increase in human population are the up-growing issues for wild animals (especially Asiatic black bear), which is highly sensitive to such problems. High levels of conservation efforts are recommended for the protection of black bear habitat and to avoid human interference in their territory.

scholarly journals Mammals of Tengchong Section of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 14402-14414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Li ◽  
Xiang-Yuan Huang ◽  
Xing-Chao Zhang ◽  
Xing-Xi Zhao ◽  
Jian-Huan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Asiatic Black Bear ◽  
National Nature Reserve ◽  
Low Altitude

We conducted field surveys on the mammalian diversity in the Tengchong Section of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province, China, using camera trap and transect method between April 2014 and May 2018.  A total of 46 identifiable mammal species were recorded, including one new record for China and nine new species for the Tengchong County.  Of the 46 species, nine are globally threatened (three Endangered and six Vulnerable) and six are Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.  Species richness of most mammal groups in Tengchong remains high compared to similar sites in neighbouring countries; however, encounter rates for species vulnerable to high hunting pressures were quite low and large carnivores, except the Asiatic Black Bear, were either extirpated or at critically low numbers.  Future surveys should cover a wider elevation range and a variety of microhabitats to increase the probability of detecting the species not yet recorded.  To enhance the conservation value of the reserve for the diverse mammalian community, poaching and livestock grazing should be further controlled; in addition, protection and restoration of low-altitude forests should be encouraged.  Monitoring and research on selected flagship species should also be conducted.

scholarly journals Damages to Himalayan White Pine (Pinus wallichiana) by Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus) in Kaghan Valley, Pakistan

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1130
Author(s):  
Zaib Ullah ◽  
Sajid Mahmood ◽  
Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Naveed Akhtar ◽  
Muhammad Fiaz Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Bear ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Forest Damage ◽  
Encounter Rate ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Asiatic Black Bear ◽  
Tree Damage ◽  
Ursus Thibetanus ◽  
Pinus Wallichiana ◽  
Reserve Forest

Tree damage is one of the destructive behaviors of the Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus G. (Baron) Cuvier, 1823), and this type of damage causes great economic loss to the forest. A survey about Himalayan white pine (Pinus wallichiana (A. B) Jacks, 1836) damages was conducted at Kaghan Valley, District Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Field surveys were carried out within five major sites of Kaghan Valley, including Manshi reserve forest, Kamal Bann reserve forest, Malkandi reserve forest, Noori Bichla reserve forest, and some Guzara forests. Line transects and diameter at breast height (DBH) methods were selected for data collection. Eighteen transects were placed in different sites of the valley. A total of (n = 201) affected trees were observed from eighteen transects, along with a total population of 1081 trees with the encounter rate (ER: 0.657) and the mean DBH is x¯ = 71.97 cm. Among total damages, the most severe (n = 39: 19.4%) were fully damaged with a greater encounter rate. Bark stripping was made during the late winter season and used as foodstuff when natural food is limited in the area. In severe cases, the bear-stripped bark encircles from the entire tree trunk, which results in the drying of trees and, finally, falls. Among all five sites, Manshi reserve forest was greatly affected, where the highest number (n = 76) of tree damage, and (n = 21) the entire diameter of trunks were damaged. People of the study area claimed that the black bear causes great forest damage, as well as crop destruction that leads to high economic loss.

Behaviour of Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus) and Crop Damage in the Forage Corn Field

2003 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka DEGUCHI ◽  
Shusuke SATO ◽  
Kazuo SUGAWARA
Keyword(s):  
Black Bear ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Asiatic Black Bear ◽  
Ursus Thibetanus ◽  
Corn Field

scholarly journals Prompt Procedures Have a Great Impact on the Consequences of Asiatic Black Bear Mauling

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 294-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goh Akiyama ◽  
Hiroaki Kuwahara ◽  
Rintaro Asahi ◽  
Ryoichi Tosa ◽  
Hiroyuki Yokota
Keyword(s):  
Black Bear ◽  
Asiatic Black Bear

Spatial distribution of the threatened Asiatic black bear in northern Pakistan

Ursus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (32e13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umer Hafeez Goursi ◽  
Maqsood Anwar ◽  
Luciano Bosso ◽  
Muhammad Ali Nawaz ◽  
Muhammad Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Northern Pakistan ◽  
Asiatic Black Bear

Childbirth and rearing characteristics of an Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus ussuricus) with trauma disorder in the wild

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong-Jin Kim ◽  
Tae-Wook Kim ◽  
Ju-Yeol Choi ◽  
Seuong-Hoon Chae ◽  
Kwang-sun Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Bear ◽  
Asiatic Black Bear ◽  
Ursus Thibetanus ◽  
In The Wild

scholarly journals Indirect methods of identifying mammals: a case study from Shivapuri National Park, Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 43-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Shrestha ◽  
K. Basnet
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
National Park ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Encounter Rate ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Basic Characteristics

The main objective of this study was to explore diversity of mammalian species in Shivapuri national Park (ShNP) through indirect method. Specific objectives were (i) to identify and describe characteristic features of different signs as key to species identification, and (ii) to determine occurrence and abundance of mammalian species based on the signs. Survey was conducted by walking through fixed 11 transect lines of total 229 km long, collecting and recording of footprints, feces, scrapes, scratches, shelters of burrows, calls and quills of mammals. Altogether 344 indirect signs were collected and observed through fixed transect lines and 25 signs through random searching of mammals from Kakani, Panimuhan, Shivapuri Peak, Baghdwar, Sundarijal, Chisapani and Manichur in ShNP. Basic characteristics of identified signs of different mamals as key to their identification have been described. The occurrence of species was confirmed through indirect signs and abundance was estimated on the basis of encounter rate (number/km/day) and relative frequency percentage of the signs. Among 20 species, 18 species belonging to six orderas and 14 families were recorded confirming by different indirect validation techniques. The study also identified large civet, a new record for ShNP. The highest percentage relative frequency (35%) and encounter rate (0.53/km) of signs of wild boar and house rat implied these species were the most abundant mammals in the park. This was followed by barking dear (17% and 0.26), common leopard (17% and 0.25), jungle cat (9.6% and 0.14), Himalayan squirrel and rhesus monkey, which were intermediate in abundance. Himalayan goral (6.7% and 0.10), Indian hare (4.3% and 0.06), yellow throated marten (4% and 0.06), golden jackal (3.5% and 0.05), large civit (2.6% and 0.04), black bear (0.3% and 0.004), Chinese pangolin, hanumal langur, royel's pika, porcupine and small mongoose were the least abundant species. Key words: Mammals; Identification; Footprints; scrapes; Feces; Shelters doi: 10.3126/eco.v12i0.3196 Ecoprint: An International Journal of Ecology 12: 43-58, 2005

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