Biodiversity of commercially important finfish species caught by mid-water and bottom trawls from two different coasts of Arabian Sea: Threats and conservation strategies

Abstract This study was conducted to estimate the diversity and the occurrence of commercially important finfish species collected by twenty fish sampling site of Sindh and Baluchistan coasts of the Arabian Sea in Pakistan from January to December 2019. Additionally, physicochemical characteristics of seawater were analyzed from these selected sites and found to be within suitable ranges required for fish growth and survive. A total of 81287 fish individuals were collected and identified as 49 species belonging to 26 families in our study. The most diversified family was Sparidae (13 species) followed by Carangidae and Lutjanidae (4 species), Mullidae, Serranidae, Ariidae (3 species), and Sciaenidae (2 species). The remaining 20 families were represented by only one species. The values of Shannon diversity index calculated for the four selected habitats revealed that high fish diversity was reported at Sonmiani Coast (H'=1.81), while less at Ormara Coast (H'=0.23). Likewise, Evenness index (E) was high at Sonmiani Coast (E=0.50) and less fish diversity was reported at Ormara Coast (E=0.06). Reducing risks to threatened marine species in coastal habitats also requires conservation actions at multiple scales. Thus, it was concluded that our study could be valuable in providing the more information’s regarding to the diversity of finfish species and their occurrence along the Pakistan Coast. Further, to better understand the effects, regular monitoring and conservation measures should be taken to mitigate the influence of anthropogenic activities and protect finfish diversity from further decline

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Fish Diversity in the Andharmanik River Sanctuary in Bangladesh

Croatian Journal of Fisheries ◽

10.2478/cjf-2020-0003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 21-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mir Mohammad Ali ◽

Md. Lokman Ali ◽

Md. Jalilur Rahman ◽

Md. Abdul Wahab

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Biodiversity Conservation ◽

Fish Species ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Fish Diversity ◽

Ecological Connectivity ◽

Fish Biodiversity ◽

Fish Catch ◽

Habitat Enhancement

AbstractLoss of fish biodiversity, especially in the inland and coastal areas, is a major concern in sustainable fish production. Indiscriminate fish catch, climate change and many other anthropogenic activities synergistically affect fish biodiversity. To formulate a sustainable fish biodiversity conservation plan, fish biodiversity in the Andharmanik River, a 40-km-long Hilsa shad sanctuary in the southern part of Bangladesh, was assessed. The study was conducted to understand the status of fish species diversity through sampling in three sampling stations between December 2014 and November 2015. A total of 93 fish species were found belonging to 66 genera, 45 families and 14 orders. Perciformes (27.65%) was found to be the most dominant order, followed by Cypriniformes (20.21%), Siluriformes (21.28%) Clupeiformes (7.45%) Mastacembeliformes (4.26%) and Channiformes (4.26%). Out of the 93 fish species of the river, the percentage compositions of the vulnerable, endangered, critically endangered and not threatened were found to be 14%, 11%, 6% and 59%, respectively. Four population indices viz. Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index (H), Simpson’s dominance index (D), Simpson’s index of diversity (1-D) and Margalef’s index (d) were applied to demonstrate species diversity, richness and evenness of fish species in sampling areas, and the overall values of the indices were 2.70-3.51, 0.10-0.12, 0.88-0.90 and 7.84-8.19, respectively. The main threats to fish biodiversity were reviewed and the measures for fish biodiversity conservation of the river recommended. Indiscriminate fishing using biodiversity destructive gears, as well as losing hydrological and ecological connectivity with the surrounding habitats, were identified as major threats to biodiversity in the Andharmanik River. Effective sanctuary-based co-management, immediate actions for habitat enhancement to conserve and improve fish biodiversity in the river were recommended. Necessary steps to improve hydrological and ecological connectivity for habitat protection and elimination of all destructive fishing gears in order to conserve biodiversity in the Andharmanik River were also suggested.

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KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN KEKERABATAN IKAN FAMILI CYPRINIDAE PADA EKOSISTEM BENDUNGAN COLO SUKOHARJO JAWA TENGAH

EnviroScienteae ◽

10.20527/es.v14i2.5478 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 137

Author(s):

Ragil Nur Cahyono ◽

Agung Budiharjo ◽

Sugiyarto Sugiyarto

Keyword(s):

Fish Species ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Cluster Method ◽

Fish Diversity ◽

Abiotic Factor ◽

Fish Family ◽

Water Ecosystem ◽

Before And After

The Cyprinidae fish family is a family of freshwater fish with the largest number of species and its presence is widespread almost all of the world. The main habitat of this family is the river's ecosystem, river damming changing the environmental conditions between the ecosystems before and after the dam's watergate. Such as Colo Dam that dammed Bengawan Solo River that allegedly affects the diversity of species of Cyprinidae fish. So this study was conducted in order to determine the diversity and kinship of the Cyprinidae fish family in the ecosystem before and after the Colo Dam watergate. Sampling was conducted September-October 2017 at Sukoharjo Colo Dam by Purposive sampling method. Identify fish species used Kottelat identification books. The diversity of fish species was calculated by Shannon Wiener's diversity index. The correlation between abiotic factor and fish diversity was analyzed by a regression test. The kinship of the fish was analyzed by the Ntsys cluster method (2.02i). The results showed that the Cyprinidae fish species that live in the Colo Dam ecosystem contain 10 species, the diversity of Cyprinidae fish in the fast-water ecosystem of station I is higher (0,96) then the slow-water ecosystem of station II, III, and IV (0,47; 0,73, and 0,58). Abiotic factors of current velocity affect the level of fish diversity reaches 91%. The Cyprinidae fish kinship rate has a coefficient of resemblance between 60% - 85%, fish with the same genus and many similarities in morphological characters and their behavior is categorized as having a close kinship.

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Birds species composition and abundance of a relativelly undisturbed vegetation at Mount Pati, Lokoja, Kogi State

Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.21472/bjbs.061225 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 271-282

Author(s):

Dauda Tanko ◽

Rita Chinweuba

Keyword(s):

State Government ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Bird Species ◽

Activity Level ◽

Line Transect ◽

Biological Factors ◽

Wet Season ◽

Fuel Wood ◽

Wiener Diversity Index

Avifauna of a relatively undisturbed vegetation at Mount Patti of Lokoja was surveyed from January to June, 2018. Line transect and point count techniques were used for data collection. This was done by weekly visits to the site between 6:00 h and 10:00 h of the day. Bird identification was done with the aid of a pair of binoculars, Field Guide of birds of western Africa and recorded bird calls. Monthly variation and season variation in bird composition and abundance were compared using Shannon-Wiener diversity index and equitability index. There were 39 species in 21 families encountered during the survey. The Family Nectarinidae had the highest number of 5 species, followed by Columbidae and Estrildidae with 4 species each. A total of 1,148 individuals were encountered during the six months survey with village weaver having the highest encountered rate of 107 while yellow-throated Long-claw had the least encountered rate of 4 individuals. Fluctuation was observed in the monthly encountered rate of the birds. Diversity and equitability indices had their highest values of 5.24 and 1.51 in January. More birds (696) were encountered in the wet season than the dry season (452). Four species were seen only in the wet season. Species effort curve showed that there are more species to be discover. The number of species encountered in this study revealed that the mountain is rich composition of bird species, even though the site seems to favour species that show preference to disturbed areas. The on-going anthropogenic activities probably paved way to these species to move in. Monthly and seasonal fluctuation of bird species diversity and abundance may be due to a combination of physical and biological factors. The physical and biological factors observed at the site which we speculate could be reasons for the observed fluctuations include slash and burnt system of farming, fuel-wood harvesting, intensive sporting activities creation of foot paths etc. High encountered rate indicate abundance and high activity level of the species. The village weaver was the most encountered species probably because they are known to be lousy, move in flocks and breed in colonies. In view of the rich composition and abundance of bird species on Mount Patti and the site being a suitable breeding site for the weavers. We recommend further study of the place as there are yet more species to be discovered as indicated by the species effort curve. There is need for conservation procedures to be initiated at the place and this study should serve as a baseline to initiate such programme by the state government.

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The Arctiini (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae) fauna of the Serra do Pardo National Park, Pará, Brazil

Check List ◽

10.15560/11.2.1613 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 1613 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

José Augusto Teston ◽

Danilo Do C. V. Correa

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

New Records ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Sampling Site ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

The State ◽

Parametric Methods ◽

Light Traps ◽

Rarefaction Curve ◽

Non Parametric

This study evaluated the Arctiini fauna of the Serra do Pardo National Park (Pará, Brazil) between 22 September and 3 October 2011. Light traps were left one night in each sampling site (SS) from 18:00 h to 6:00 h of the next day. The following parameters were evaluated: richness (S), abundance (N), diversity index (H’), Shannon uniformity (U) index, and Berger-Parker dominance (BP). Richness was estimated using the non-parametric methods Chao1, Chao2, ACE, ICE, Jackknife1, Jackknife2 and Bootstrap. A total of 3,247 specimens were captured, belonging to 221 Arctiini taxa; 32 of these are new records for the state of Pará and, of these, six are new records for the Brazilian Amazon. The Arctiini fauna is very rich and uniform. The richness estimator and rarefaction curve indicated the need for increased sampling efforts in the area.

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CityNet - Deep Learning Tools for Urban Ecoacoustic Assessment

10.1101/248708 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. J. Fairbrass ◽

M. Firman ◽

C. Williams ◽

G. J. Brostow ◽

H. Titheridge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Environmental Data ◽

Learning System ◽

List Type ◽

Ecological Communities ◽

Acoustic Activity ◽

Audio Recordings ◽

Urbanisation Gradient

SUMMARYCities support unique and valuable ecological communities, but understanding urban wildlife is limited due to the difficulties of assessing biodiversity. Ecoacoustic surveying is a useful way of assessing habitats, where biotic sound measured from audio recordings is used as a proxy for biodiversity. However, existing algorithms for measuring biotic sound have been shown to be biased by non-biotic sounds in recordings, typical of urban environments.We develop CityNet, a deep learning system using convolutional neural networks (CNNs), to measure audible biotic (CityBioNet) and anthropogenic (CityAnthroNet) acoustic activity in cities. The CNNs were trained on a large dataset of annotated audio recordings collected across Greater London, UK. Using a held-out test dataset, we compare the precision and recall of CityBioNet and CityAnthroNet separately to the best available alternative algorithms: four acoustic indices (AIs): Acoustic Complexity Index, Acoustic Diversity Index, Bioacoustic Index, and Normalised Difference Soundscape Index, and a state-of-the-art bird call detection CNN (bulbul). We also compare the effect of non-biotic sounds on the predictions of CityBioNet and bulbul. Finally we apply CityNet to describe acoustic patterns of the urban soundscape in two sites along an urbanisation gradient.CityBioNet was the best performing algorithm for measuring biotic activity in terms of precision and recall, followed by bulbul, while the AIs performed worst. CityAnthroNet outperformed the Normalised Difference Soundscape Index, but by a smaller margin than CityBioNet achieved against the competing algorithms. The CityBioNet predictions were impacted by mechanical sounds, whereas air traffic and wind sounds influenced the bulbul predictions. Across an urbanisation gradient, we show that CityNet produced realistic daily patterns of biotic and anthropogenic acoustic activity from real-world urban audio data.Using CityNet, it is possible to automatically measure biotic and anthropogenic acoustic activity in cities from audio recordings. If embedded within an autonomous sensing system, CityNet could produce environmental data for cites at large-scales and facilitate investigation of the impacts of anthropogenic activities on wildlife. The algorithms, code and pre-trained models are made freely available in combination with two expert-annotated urban audio datasets to facilitate automated environmental surveillance in cities.

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A geomorphometric approach to estimate soil volumes stored in agricultural terrace systems

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-1772 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sara Cucchiaro ◽

Guido Paliaga ◽

Daniel J. Fallu ◽

Ben R. Pears ◽

Kevin Walsh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Large Scale ◽

Multiple Scales ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

New Technology ◽

Agricultural Systems ◽

Soil Thickness ◽

The Impact ◽

Geomorphological Features

<p>Geomorphometric information can be exploited to study the most extensive and common landforms that humans have ever produced: agricultural terraces. An understanding of these historical ecosystems can only be determined through in-depth knowledge of their origin, evolution, and current state in the landscape. These factors can ultimately assist in the future preservation of such landforms in a world increasingly affected by anthropogenic activities. High-resolution topographic (HRT) techniques allow the mapping and characterization of geomorphological features with wide-ranging perspectives at multiple scales. From HRT surveys, it is possible to produce high-resolution Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) to extract important geomorphometric parameters such as topographic curvature, to identify terrace edges, even if abandoned or covered by uncontrolled vegetation. By using riser bases as well as terrace edges (riser tops) and through the computation of minimum curvature, it is possible to obtain environmentally useful information on these agricultural systems such as terrace soil thickness and volumes. The quantification of terrace volumes can provide new benchmarks for soil erosion models, new perspectives for land and stakeholders for terrace management in terms of natural hazard and offer a measure of the effect of these agricultural systems on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. This work aims to realize and test an innovative and rapid methodological workflow to estimate the minimum anthropogenic reworked and moved soil of terrace systems in different landscapes. This aspect of new technology and its application to terrace soil-systems has not been fully explored in the literature. We start with remote terrace mapping at a large scale (using Airborne Laser Scanning) and then utilize more detailed HRT surveys (i.e., Structure from Motion and Terrestrial Laser Scanning) to extract geomorphological features, from which the original theoretical slope-surface of terrace systems were derived. These last elements were compared with in-field sedimentological recording obtained from the excavations across the study sites to assess the nature of sub-surface topographies. The results of this work have produced accurate DTMs of Difference (DoD) for three terrace sites in central Europe in Italy and Belgium. The utilization of ground-truthing through field excavation and sampling has confirmed the reliability of the methodology used across a range of sites with very specific terrace morphologies, and in each case has confirmed the nature of the reconstructed, theoretical original slope. Differences between actual and theoretical terraces from DTM and excavation evidence have been used to estimate the minimum soil volumes and masses used to remould slopes. Moreover, geomorphometric analysis through indices such as sediment connectivity permitted also to quantify the volume of sediment transported downstream, with the associated and mobilized C, after a collapsed terrace. The quantification of terrace soil volumes provides extremely useful standards for further multi-disciplinary analysis on the terrace sediments themselves, aiding physical geographers, geoarchaeologists, palaeo-environmentalists, and landscape historians in the understanding of terrace systems and the impact of agricultural processes on the landscape.</p>

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From the cloud to the ground: converting satellite data into conservation decisions

10.1093/oso/9780198850243.003.0002 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 13-34

Author(s):

Lilian Pintea

Keyword(s):

Local Community ◽

Multiple Scales ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Geospatial Data ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Observation Data ◽

Forest Reserves ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Earth Observation Data ◽

Conservation Decisions

An estimated 65% of the world’s land and more than 80% of Earth’s biodiversity are under indigenous or local community customary ownership, care, and use. Recent developments in remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), mobile, and cloud computing provide the opportunity to systematically and cost-effectively monitor land-cover and land-use changes and threats at multiple scales. It is now possible, via satellite observations, to obtain a synoptic view of ecosystems at spatial and temporal resolutions that are more detailed, locally relevant, and consistent from village to global scales. However, to make geospatial data and technologies work for conservation, we still need to understand how data turn into actionable information and conservation decisions. This chapter uses Open Standards for the Practice of Conservation as a framework to discuss insights from 18 years of using geospatial technologies with the local communities, village and district governments, and other partners to monitor chimpanzee habitats and threats and inform chimpanzee conservation strategies and actions in Tanzania. It focuses on how Earth Observation data and associated technologies enabled and benefitted from the creation of research-implementation spaces in which stakeholders were able to collaborate and interact with geospatial data and results in a diversity of ways. This enabled development of geospatial applications and solutions ‘with’ and not ‘for’ local stakeholders, resulting in expansion of new protected areas managed by village and districts governments and restoration of habitats in some degraded village forest reserves.

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Assessment of the Incidence of Enteric Adenovirus Species and Serotypes in Surface Waters in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa: Tyume River as a Case Study

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/2012/949216 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Timothy Sibanda ◽

Anthony I. Okoh

Keyword(s):

Surface Waters ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Sampling Site ◽

Eastern Cape ◽

Conventional Pcr ◽

Treated Sewage ◽

Sampling Points ◽

Enteric Adenovirus ◽

Treatment Facilities

TaqMan real-time PCR was used for the detection and quantitation of adenoviruses in Tyume River water samples over a 12-month period. A total of 72 samples were analysed, and 22 samples were positive for adenovirus. Of the positive samples, 18 were collected from downstream sampling points. Among the downstream sampling points, adenovirus detection rate increased with distance downstream, being 28%, 33%, and 39% for Alice, Drayini, and Manqulweni, respectively. The Alice sampling site had the highest concentrations of adenovirus ranging between6.54×103 genome copies/L and8.49×104 genome copies/L. The observed trend could have been expected considering the level of anthropogenic activities in areas along the lower stretch of Tyume River, with the major one being the effluent of treated and semi treated sewage from wastewater treatment facilities. Adenovirus detection was sporadic at most sampling sites. Multiplex conventional PCR was used for the detection of clinically important adenovirus species B, C, and F and their serotypes. Species C and F adenoviruses were detected in 77% and 18% of the samples, respectively. Most adenovirus positive samples were obtained from areas of increased population densities. The presence of adenoviruses may confirm the risk of its transmission to the human population.

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Hydrogeochemical Analysis and Spatial Distribution of Groundwater Quality in Roundhill Landfill Vicinity of South Africa

Air Soil and Water Research ◽

10.1177/1178622119872771 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 117862211987277 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Joan Nyika ◽

Ednah Onyari

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Sodium Chloride ◽

Landfill Leachate ◽

Water Samples ◽

Physicochemical Parameters ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Anthropogenic Pollution ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Magnesium Carbonate

Groundwater is the most reliable resource for consumptive uses worldwide, but it is vulnerable to anthropogenic pollution in this post-industrialization era. Pollution of the resource may result from anthropogenic activities; hence, analysing the effects of leachate on groundwater is imperative. This study assessed the spatial distribution of physicochemical parameters of groundwater in Roundhill landfill vicinity of South Africa and conducted their hydrogeochemical analysis. Water samples were collected from 3 boreholes in the landfill surroundings and analysed for selected physicochemical characteristics. Spatial distribution of these parameters showed dominant pollution by Mn2+, Fe2+, and [Formula: see text], which surpassed prescribed allowable limits of the country in most of the study area. Possibilities of simple dissolution and ion mixing were deduced from the Durov diagram. Magnesium carbonate, sodium chloride, and mixed faces of groundwater were dominant in boreholes 1 to 3, respectively. The dominance of Ca2+, Cl−, Mg2+, and [Formula: see text] ions in some boreholes suggested anthropogenic pollution. Landfill leachate was associated with groundwater pollution in the study area.

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Diversity of Coral Fish At Saebus Island, East Java, Indonesia

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20183108021 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 08021

Author(s):

Siti Fatimah ◽

Tri Widya Laksana Putra ◽

Putranto Kondang ◽

Suratman ◽

Larossa Gamelia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Fish Diversity ◽

Underwater Visual Census ◽

Important Place ◽

Census Methods ◽

Target Fish ◽

Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽

Coral Fish ◽

Different Depths

Coral reef ecosystem is known as an important place to live various types of fish, where coral conditions will affect the diversity and abundance of the fish. In healthy coral reef ecosystems generally can be found many types of fish with high density. This research aims to investigate the diversity and abundance of coral fishes at Saebus Island, East Java. The observation conducted at 4 stations, according to cardinal point by UVS (underwater visual census) methods with belt transect with the visibility of 2,5 m horizontally, and 5 m vertically. The length of transect was 100 m parallel with coastline, with the area of observation is 500 m2. The censuses were conducted at 2 different depths (3 and 10 m). This study found 70 kinds of coral fish originated form 20 family at all stations. These fishes were from 3 different fish categories i.e. 7 target fishes, 13 indicator fishes, and 50 major fishes. Three different fishes that dominated target fish, indicator fish and major fish were Epinephelus fasciatus, Chaetodon baronessa and Aulostomus chinensis, respectively. There was similar value of fish diversity index at two different depths which were 3.635 and 3,623. While uniformity index at the depth of 3m was 0.153 and at 10m was 0.217, and domination index at the depth of 3m was 0.11 and at 10m was 0.167. These values suggest that diversity of coral fish at Saebus island can be categorized as high diversity.

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