scholarly journals An assessment of the urban water footprint and blue water scarcity: A case study for Van (Turkey)

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Yerli ◽  
U. Sahin
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Agricultural Planning ◽  
Harvest Dates

Abstract Today, most of the world’s population faces water scarcity, while global warming, urbanization, industrialization and population increases continue to increase the severity of the pressure on water resources. Management of water resources plays a key role in the sustainability of agricultural production. The water footprint (WF) is different in comparison to other water statistics because it takes direct and indirect water consumption into account, and helps in the management of water resources. Within this context, the WF of Van province, which is Turkey’s most easterly located arid region, was calculated from 2004 to 2019. The study area covers lake Van, which is Turkey's largest lake, and the Van basin with an area of 23.334 km2 and a population of 1.136.757 (2019). In the calculations, crop (WFcrop), livestock (WFlivestock), and domestic and industrial water footprints (WFdomestic+industrial) were evaluated separately, and blue and green water footprints (WFblue and WFgreen) were analyzed in detail. According to the results, the average WF of Van province was found to be 8.73 billion m3 year-1. Throughout the province, 87.6% of the WF is composed of WFcrop, 4.9% is WFlivestock and 7.5% is WFdomestic+industrial. Of the WFcrop, 62.5% depends on WFblue, i.e., freshwater. Most of the WFlivestock consisted of dairy cattle (49%) and sheep (38%). The average WFdomestic+industrial for 2004 to 2019 was 0.64 billion m3 year-1. The average per capita water footprint of Van province was found to be 889.9 m3 year-1 capita-1. In addition, the province is classified as severe water scarcity (257%). This study is one of the first province-based calculations of WF in Turkey and is the first study to bring a different aspect to published literature by including residual soil moisture from the winter months. As a result of this study, the WFblue of the WFcrop is above the worldwide average and should be reduced by changing the crop pattern or synchronizing the planting and harvest dates of the crops to a period that benefits from precipitation. In addition, this study is expected to contribute to new studies for calculating the provincial scale WF and will have positive effects on agricultural planning, water allocation and the sustainability of water resources.

scholarly journals Supply–Demand of Water Resource of a Basin With High Anthropic Pressure: Case Study Quenane-Quenanito Basin in Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117862212091772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar I Vargas-Pineda ◽  
Juan M Trujillo-González ◽  
Marco A Torres-Mora
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Hydrological Simulation ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Over Exploitation ◽  
Anthropic Pressure

Water scarcity has increased in the last century due to the effects of climate change and the over-exploitation of anthropic activities that deteriorate strategic ecosystems in watersheds. This study quantified the water consumption of anthropic activities according to the water footprint (WF) and the water supply available (WSA) using the GR2M hydrological simulation model in the Quenane-Quenanito basin in Colombia. The objective of this study was to analyze the dynamic supply–demand of water and identify potential conflicts associated with the use of water. The results of this study show that the WF of the basin was 17.01 million m3/year, 79.97% of which was the green WF and 20.03% of which was the blue WF, and that the WSA of the basin was 272.1 million m3/year. In addition, potential conflicts over the use of water were identified due to water scarcity in 11 sub-basins during the months of January to March. In conclusion, analyzing the demand and supply of water in basins and taking into account their spatiotemporal distribution allows us to measure the impacts of anthropic activities on water resources, which can prevent potential conflicts associated with the use of water between sectors or the involvement of ecological dynamics.

scholarly journals Water Footprint Assessment in the Agro-industry: A Case Study of Soy Sauce Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 08018
Author(s):  
Alfiana Aulia Firda ◽  
Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Soy Sauce ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Global Water

In terms of global water scarcity, the water footprint is an indicator of the use of water resources that given knowledge about the environmental impact of consuming a product. The sustainable use of water resources nowadays bring challenges related to the production and consumption phase of water intensive related goods such as in the agro-industry. The objective of the study was to assessment the total water footprint from soy sauce production in Grobogan Regency. The total water footprint is equal to the sum of the supply chain water footprint and the operational water footprint. The assessment is based on the production chain diagram of soy sauce production which presenting the relevant process stages from the source to the final product. The result of this research is the total water footprint of soy sauce production is 1.986,35 L/kg with fraction of green water 78,43%, blue water 21,4% and gray water 0,17%.

Ensuring access to water in an emergency context: Towards an overexploitation and contamination of water resources?

2021 ◽  
pp. 096466392110316
Author(s):  
Chloé Nicolas-Artero
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Mining Pollution ◽  
Access To Water

This article shows how geo-legal devices created to deal with environmental crisis situations make access to drinking water precarious and contribute to the overexploitation and contamination of water resources. It relies on qualitative methods (interviews, observations, archive work) to identify and analyse two geo-legal devices applied in the case study of the Elqui Valley in Chile. The first device, generated by the Declaration of Water Scarcity, allows private sanitation companies to concentrate water rights and extend their supply network, thus producing an overexploitation of water resources. In the context of mining pollution, the second device is structured around the implementation of the Rural Drinking Water Programme and the distribution of water by tankers, which has made access to drinking water more precarious for the population and does nothing to prevent pollution.

scholarly journals Equitable Allocation of Blue and Green Water Footprints Based on Land-Use Types: A Case Study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Liu ◽  
Lu Shi ◽  
Kevin Li
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Lexicographic Optimization ◽  
The Impact

This paper develops a lexicographic optimization model to allocate agricultural and non-agricultural water footprints by using the land area as the influencing factor. An index known as the water-footprint-land density (WFLD) index is then put forward to assess the impact and equity of the resulting allocation scheme. Subsequently, the proposed model is applied to a case study allocating water resources for the 11 provinces and municipalities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). The objective is to achieve equitable spatial allocation of water resources from a water footprint perspective. Based on the statistical data in 2013, this approach starts with a proper accounting for water footprints in the 11 YREB provinces. We then determined an optimal allocation of water footprints by using the proposed lexicographic optimization approach from a land area angle. Lastly, we analyzed how different types of land uses contribute to allocation equity and we discuss policy changes to implement the optimal allocation schemes in the YREB. Analytical results show that: (1) the optimized agricultural and non-agricultural water footprints decrease from the current levels for each province across the YREB, but this decrease shows a heterogeneous pattern; (2) the WFLD of 11 YREB provinces all decline after optimization with the largest decline in Shanghai and the smallest decline in Sichuan; and (3) the impact of agricultural land on the allocation of agricultural water footprints is mainly reflected in the land use structure of three land types including arable land, forest land, and grassland. The different land use structures in the upstream, midstream, and downstream regions lead to the spatial heterogeneity of the optimized agricultural water footprints in the three YREB segments; (4) In addition to the non-agricultural land area, different regional industrial structures are the main reason for the spatial heterogeneity of the optimized non-agricultural water footprints. Our water-footprint-based optimal water resources allocation scheme helps alleviate the water resources shortage pressure and achieve coordinated and balanced development in the YREB.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÕES DE RISCO EM BARRAGENS: ESTUDO DE CASO DA BARRAGEM MALCOZINHADO NO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Campos Fontenelle ◽  
Alexandre de Sousa Fontenelle ◽  
Yago Machado Pereira de Matos ◽  
Fernando Feitosa Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
The State ◽  
Management Company ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Hazard Level ◽  
Brazilian Northeast

RESUMO: O presente trabalho tem a proposta de avaliar a eficácia de duas metodologias de avaliação de risco de uma barragem no Nordeste Brasileiro no intervalo de 10 anos, baseando-se na inspeção e no nível de ameaça. Utiliza-se a metodologia Nível de Perigo da Barragem (NPB) para cálculo do nível de ameaça (Fontenelle, 2007) e para o cálculo do risco as metodologias da Companhia de Gestão dos Recursos Hídricos do Ceará (COGERH) e do Conselho Nacional de Recursos Hídricos (CNRH). Observa-se que o crescente número de barragens soma-se a preocupação com a segurança destas. Face a isto, utiliza-se a avaliação de risco como forma de priorizar ações de manutenção e recuperação. O estudo de caso ocorreu na Barragem Malcozinhado, localizada no município de Cascavel, no estado do Ceará. Com base na inspeção, calcula-se o nível de ameaça e o risco, compara-se estes com os resultados de 2006. Assim, observou-se o aumento no nível de ameaça, no entanto, o risco permaneceu, em geral, baixo, semelhante aos resultados de 2006. Este resultado se deve ao fato de que o número de anomalias aumentou, porém trata-se de uma barragem jovem, de pequeno porte e inspecionada regularmente.ABSTRACT: The present study has the proposal of evaluating the effectiveness of two methodologies of risk Assessment of a Brazilian Northeast dam in a range of 10 years, based on the inspection and the level of hazard. The methodology used for calculating the hazard level is the Dam Hazard Level (NPB). In addiction, in order to evaluate the risk is used the methodology of the Water Resources Management Company of Ceará (COGERH) and the methodology of National Resources Council Water (CNRH). The number of dams is increasing with to the concern for their safety. In view of this, risk assessment is used as a tool to prioritizing maintenance and recovery actions. The case study occurred in the Malcozinhado Dam, located in the municipality of Cascavel, in the state of Ceará. Based on the inspection, the level of hazard and risk is calculated, compared to the results for 2006. Thus, the increase in the level of hazard was observed, but the risk remained generally low, similar to 2006 result. This result is due to the fact that the number of anomalies has increased, but it is a young, small and regularly inspected dam.

The Regulation and Management of Water Resources in Groundwater Over-extraction Area based on ET

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
fawen li ◽  
Wenhui Yan ◽  
Yong Zhao ◽  
Rengui Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Crop Water Consumption

Abstract Because of the shortage of water resources, the phenomenon of groundwater over-extraction is widespread in many parts of the world, which has become a hot issue to be solved. The traditional idea of water resources management only considering blue water (stream flow) can't meet the demand of sustainable utilization of water resources. Blue water accounts for less than 40% of total rainfall, while green water (evapotranspiration) accounts for more than 60% of total rainfall. In the natural environment, vegetation growth mainly depends on green water, which is often neglected. Obviously, the traditional water resources management without considering green water has obvious deficiencies, which can't really reflect the regional water consumption situation in the water resources management. And only by limiting water consumption can achieve the real water saving. In addition, the mode of water resources development and utilization has changed from "supply according to demand" to "demand according to supply". In this background, for many regions with limited water resources, it is impossible to rely on excessive water intake for development, and sustainable development of regional can only be realized by truly controlling water demand. This paper chooses Shijin Irrigation District in the North China Plain as the research area, where agricultural water consumption is high and groundwater over-extraction is serious, and ecological environment is bad. In order to alleviate this situation, comprehensive regulation of water resources based ET is necessary. Therefore, this paper focuses on the concept of ET water resources management and includes green water into water resources assessment. Based on the principle of water balance, the target ET value of crops in the study area is calculated, and the ET value is taken as the target of water resources regulation. The actual water consumption is calculated by Penman-Monteith formula, and reduction of crop water consumption is obtained according to the difference between actual ET and target ET. The reduction in crop water consumption leads to a reduction in demand for water supply, which reduces groundwater extraction. The results of this study can provide necessary technical support for solving the problem of groundwater over-extraction and realizing real water saving.

scholarly journals Institutions and Economics of Water Scarcity and Droughts

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3248
Author(s):  
Julio Berbel ◽  
Nazaret M. Montilla-López ◽  
Giacomo Giannoccaro
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
Resources Management

Integrated water resources management seeks an efficient blend of all water resources (e [...]

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