Assessment of anthropogenic-causing-agents act on waterbirds-diversity in the vicinity of Tarbela Dam, Indus River, Pakistan

2024 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Rahman ◽  
M. S. Nadeem ◽  
M. Altaf ◽  
S. H. Khan ◽  
A. Saeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Indus River ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Tarbela Dam ◽  
Main Factor

Abstract Birds are among the best bio-indicators, which can guide us to recognize some of the main conservation concerns in ecosystems. Anthropogenic impacts such as deforestation, habitat degradation, modification of landscapes, and decreased quality of habitats are major threats to bird diversity. The present study was designed to detect anthropogenic causative agents that act on waterbird diversity in Tarbella Dam, Indus River, Pakistan. Waterbird censuses were carried out from March 2019 to February 2020 in multiple areas around the dam. A total of 2990 waterbirds representing 63 species were recorded. We detected the highest waterbird richness and diversity at Pehure whereas the highest density was recorded at Kabbal. Human activity impacts seemed to be the main factor determining the waterbird communities as waterbirds were negatively correlated with the greatest anthropogenic impacts. Waterbirds seem to respond rapidly to human disturbance.

scholarly journals Monitoring Skeletal Anomalies in Big-Scale Sand Smelt, Atherina boyeri, as a Potential Complementary Tool for Early Detection of Effects of Anthropic Pressure in Coastal Lagoons

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Chiara Leone ◽  
Francesca De Luca ◽  
Eleonora Ciccotti ◽  
Arianna Martini ◽  
Clara Boglione
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Coastal Lagoons ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Skeletal Anomalies

Mediterranean coastal lagoons are increasingly affected by several threats, all concurrently leading to habitat degradation and loss. Methods based on fish for the assessment of the ecological status are under implementation for the Water Framework Directive requirements, to assess the overall quality of coastal lagoons. Complementary tools based on the use of single fish species as biological indicators could be useful as early detection methods of anthropogenic impacts. The analysis of skeletal anomalies in the big-scale sand smelt, Atherina boyeri, from nine Mediterranean coastal lagoons in Italy was carried out. Along with the morphological examination of fish, the environmental status of the nine lagoons was evaluated using a method based on expert judgement, by selecting and quantifying several environmental descriptors of direct and indirect human pressures acting on lagoon ecosystems. The average individual anomaly load and the frequency of individuals with severe anomalies allow to discriminate big-scale sand smelt samples on the basis of the site and of its quality status. Furthermore, a relationship between skeletal anomalies and the environmental quality of specific lagoons, driven by the anthropogenic pressures acting on them, was found. These findings support the potentiality of skeletal anomalies monitoring in big-scale sand smelt as a tool for early detection of anthropogenic impacts in coastal lagoons of the Mediterranean region.

scholarly journals Camera Trapping to Assess Status and Composition of Mammal Communities in a Biodiversity Hotspot in Myanmar

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 880
Author(s):  
Giacomo Cremonesi ◽  
Francesco Bisi ◽  
Lorenzo Gaffi ◽  
Thet Zaw ◽  
Hla Naing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Occupancy Models ◽  
Apex Predators ◽  
Disturbed Area ◽  
The Status ◽  
Mammal Communities

Tropical forests comprise a critically impacted habitat, and it is known that altered forests host a lower diversity of mammal communities. In this study, we investigated the mammal communities of two areas in Myanmar with similar environmental conditions but with great differences in habitat degradation and human disturbance. The main goal was to understand the status and composition of these communities in an understudied area like Myanmar at a broad scale. Using camera trap data from a three-year-long campaign and hierarchical occupancy models with a Bayesian formulation, we evaluated the biodiversity level (species richness) and different ecosystem functions (diet and body mass), as well as the occupancy values of single species as a proxy for population density. We found a lower mammal diversity in the disturbed area, with a significantly lower number of carnivores and herbivores species. Interestingly, the area did not show alteration in its functional composition. Almost all the specific roles in the community were present except for apex predators, thus suggesting that the effects of human disturbance are mainly effecting the communities highest levels. Furthermore, two species showed significantly lower occupancies in the disturbed area during all the monitoring campaigns: one with a strong pressure for bushmeat consumption and a vulnerable carnivore threatened by illegal wildlife trade.

Qualitŕ della vita e invecchiamento della popolazione. Materiali per un'ipotesi alternativa alla questione pensionistica

2009 ◽  
pp. 67-91
Author(s):  
Adele Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Climate And Environmental Change ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Positive Ageing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Main Factor

The topic of this article is quality of life and ageing process specially focused on today young generations and their coming retirement situation. The main idea is that quality of life is increasing, that means longer, safer and better living condition; consequently positive ageing processes mean also reforming retirement sector. The hypothesis carried out in this paper is an alternative one. Despite of the positive trends, we describe how three main factor of nowadays life are, on the contrary, turning into worse condition the future of young generations and their coming life situation. Firstly we consider the socio-economic aspects, the impact on health and the implications connected with precarious work. Secondly we consider pollution and its effects on health, life quality and life expectation. Thirdly we pay attention about climate and environmental change and their effect on health, life quality and expectation. In conclusion, the retirement future of today young generations may be very different (worse) than expected. The paper in based on WHO, IPCC and European Agency for Safety and Health at Work data and reports.Key words: Young generations; Coming quality of life; Population ageing and future of retirement question.Parole chiave: Giovani generazioni; Qualitŕ della vita; Invecchiamento della popolazione e pensioni.

THE ROLE OF COW PROCESSING IN IMPROVEMENT MILK QUALITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
G. A. Larionov ◽  
◽  
O. Yu. Сhecheneshkina ◽  
E. S. Yatrusheva ◽  
N. I. Yendierov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Microbiological Contamination ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Correct Understanding ◽  
Main Factor

The main factor of determining the level of sanitary and hygienic indicators of the quality of milk produced is the hygiene of milking cows. The study of the role of hygiene of milking is of great importance for a correct understanding of the ways of solving the problem of obtaining high quality milk. Special attention of scientists and practitioners in recent years are focused on the development and implementation of highly effective detergents and disinfectants in the production of milk of cows. Many researchers and practitioners have directed their work to developing measures to prevent the entry of pathogenic microflora into milk during and after milking cows. In spite of many researches carried out, aimed at controlling the number of somatic cells in milk with the use of different products based on lactic acid, chlorhexidine and iodine, the problem of high quality milk production remains unresolved. In our work results of researches on the use of probiotic means for treatment of udders of cows are given. Processing the udder of cows with probiotic means before milking by Skin Cleaner, after milking by PIP Cow Teat Cleaner reduced the amount of somatic cells in cow milk 12,8-84,0%. The use of probiotic means Biomastim lowed somatic cell count of 18,4-51,9%. Microbiological contamination of milk using probiotic means for processing the udder before milking Skin Cleaner, after milking PIP Cow Teat Cleaner decreased 4,9- 70,4 times. The application of probiotic means Biomastim after milking on the teats led to the decrease in milk of cows QMAFAnM 5,0-6,6 times.

Assessing Impacts of Past Human Activity on the Water Quality of Upper Saranac Lake, New York

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Curt Stager ◽  
Peter R. Leavitt ◽  
Sushil S. Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
New York ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Saranac Lake

scholarly journals The modern law-making process: structure and main problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (69) ◽  
pp. 605-614
Author(s):  
Mikhail B. Rumyantsev ◽  
Vladislav Yu. Turanin ◽  
Sergey Yu. Sumenkov ◽  
Marina G. Smirnova ◽  
Esita E. Ganaeva
Keyword(s):  
Standard Setting ◽  
The State ◽  
Dialectical Method ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Process Structure ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Law Making ◽  
Main Factor

Through the dialectical method the objective of the article was to analyze the process of the elaboration of modern laws, considering their structure and main problems. There is a major structure and problems inherent in the modern law-making process described in the article. The structure of law-making comprises four parts: 1. Cognitive-analytical part; 2. Theoretical foundations of the legal norms and acts they dictate; 3. Validation of legal act or norm; 4. Monitoring of relevant rules and legal acts. The main legislative task is to draft legal norms that stimulate the active development of all parts of the State and society through a deep perception of all related processes, including those involving standard-setting. It is concluded that the main factor affecting the quality of legislation is the lack of a uniform legislative basis for the issuance of legal acts. There seems to be a real need to develop a uniform legislative act on the law-making process. The Code containing general and specific parts of each law must be developed.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Changes in Climate, Land Use and Direct Human Activity on the Discharge in Qingshui River Basin, China

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3147
Author(s):  
Mengxue Zhang ◽  
Radosław Stodolak ◽  
Jianxin Xia
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Annual Scale ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Assessment ◽  
Main Factor

Climate, land use and human activity have an impact on the Qingshui River in Chongli County. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to separately analyze the contributions of climate, land use and direct human activity on the discharge variations. The results indicated that human activity had been the dominant factor for the discharge decrease, while climate and land use change had a positive influence on the discharge increase. The contributions of these three factors were −56.24%, 38.59% and 5.17%, respectively. Moreover, on the seasonal scale, the impact of those factors was consistent with their impact on the annual scale. Human activity was the main factor for discharge decrease in the summer, the contribution accounting for −77.13%. Due to the over-extraction of groundwater for irrigation and use in the mining industry, the discharge showed a decreasing tendency, which has the potential to place stress on sustainable water use in the future. The result of the study may contribute to the optimization of water resource allocation and management.

scholarly journals Cytomegalovirus infection and reproductive health of women

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia R. Belyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Quality Of Medical Care ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth ◽  
Main Factor

The article presents material about critical states in obstetric and gynecologic practice (“near miss”), obtained on the basis of their own research, as well as the data of domestic and foreign authors. It is shown that the main factor determining the outcome of the pregnancy and birth, is the quality of medical care provided to the woman. The characteristics of “near miss”, indicated the risk factors for its occurrence. A measure of the health care until serious complications of pregnancy and childbirth, as well as possible ways to reduce the frequency of their development.

scholarly journals Variation in Human Disturbance Differentially Affects Predation Risk Assessment in Western Gulls

The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolaas V. Webb ◽  
Daniel T. Blumstein
Keyword(s):  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
Larus Occidentalis ◽  
Predation Risk Assessment ◽  
Santa Monica ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
A Site ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Flight Initiation

Abstract Many studies have demonstrated that birds behave differently in areas with different levels of human disturbance. Studies frequently characterize sites as having an overall level of human disturbance, and compare how birds respond at sites with high and low levels of disturbance. Doing so assumes that disturbance has a fairly constant effect on animals throughout a site. We measured the distance at which individual Western Gulls (Larus occidentalis) moved away from an approaching observer along a stretch of beach on both sides of the Santa Monica Pier, a heavily visited tourist attraction in southern California. We found that these flight initiation distances decreased in areas where more people visited the beach, and specifically in a small area near the pier. We found that flight initiation distance changed very rapidly within a short distance from the pier. Our results indicate that anthropogenic features may leave a “behavioral footprint.” Identifying the scale of such behavioral footprints should be an important goal of studies that seek to reduce anthropogenic impacts on birds. La Variación del Disturbio Humano Afecta Diferencialmente la Percepción del Riesgo de Depredación en Gaviotas Larus occidentalis Resumen. Muchos estudios han demostrado que las aves se comportan de modo diferente en áreas con distintos niveles de disturbio humano. Los estudios frecuentemente caracterizan sitios con base en su nivel general de disturbio y comparan las respuestas de las aves entre lugares con niveles altos y bajos de disturbio. Al hacer esto, se supone que el disturbio tiene un efecto aproximadamente constante sobre los animales a través de un sitio dado. En este estudio medimos la distancia a la cual gaviotas de la especie Larus occidentalis se desplazaron alejándose de un observador a lo largo de un tramo de playa en ambos lados del embarcadero de Santa Monica, una atracción turística muy visitada ubicada en el sur de California. Encontramos que las distancias al observador a las que las aves iniciaron el vuelo disminuyeron en áreas donde más personas visitaron la playa, y específicamente en un área cercana al embarcadero. Las distancias a las que las gaviotas iniciaron el vuelo cambiaron muy rá pidamente en una distancia muy corta desde el puerto, hasta alcanzar una distancia constante. Nuestros resultados indican que las estructuras antropogénicas podrian dejar una “huella comportamental”. Identificar la escala de dichas huellas debería ser un objetivo importante de estudios que tengan como fin reducir el impacto antrópico sobre las aves.

scholarly journals 'Sensory analysis of specialty coffee from different environmental conditions in the region of Matas de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice de Souza Silveira ◽  
Aracy Camilla Tardin Pinheiro ◽  
Williams Pinto Marques Ferreira ◽  
Laércio Junio da Silva ◽  
José Luis dos Santos Rufino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Specialty Coffee ◽  
Final Score ◽  
Main Factor

ABSTRACT Specialty coffees can be differentiated in various ways, including the environmental conditions in which they are produced and the sensory composition of the drink. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of altitude, slope exposure and fruit color on the sensory attributes of cafes of the region of Matas de Minas. Sampling points were georeferenced in four altitude ranges (< 700 m; 700 ≤ x ≤ 825 m, 825 < x < 950 m and ≥ 950 m) of the coffee crop; two fruit colors of var. Catuaí (yellow and red); and two slope exposures (North-facing and South-facing). Coffee fruit at the cherry stage were processed and submitted to sensory analysis. The sensory attributes evaluated were overall perception, clean cup, balance, aftertaste, sweetness, acidity, body and flavor, which made up the final score. The scores were examined by ANOVA and means were compared by the Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05). From the sensory standpoint, coffee fruits of both colors are similar, as well as the coffees from both slope exposures when these factors were analyzed separately. However, at higher altitudes, Yellow Catuaí produces coffees with better sensory quality. Similarly, coffees from North-facing slopes, at higher altitudes produce better quality cup. The altitude is the main factor that interferes with coffee quality in the area. All factors together contribute to the final quality of the beverage produced in the region of Matas de Minas.

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