scholarly journals Attraction to conspecifcs in Rhinella icterica and R. ornata tadpoles (Anura: Bufonidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Polettini Neto ◽  
Jaime Bertoluci
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Innate Behavior

Abstract: Tadpoles are able to perceive and discriminate signals from environment and they may use this ability in behaviors and ecological processes. Recognition mechanisms may be involved in schooling by means of attraction among individuals, characterizing a social process. By means of laboratory experiments the present study investigated the presence or absence of attraction to conspecifics in tadpoles of Rhinella icterica and R. ornata, two sympatric species from the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil. We collected eggs of these two species in the field and reared them in laboratory according to two different methods (isolated or in groups of siblings). Tadpoles were submitted to experiments of choice between conspecifics, heterospecifics, and an empty compartment. Rhinella icterica tadpoles preferred to associate with conspecifics rather than R. ornata tadpoles, and we verified this is an innate behavior. Rhinella ornata tadpoles failed to discriminate between conspecifics and R. icterica tadpoles. When submitted to choice between a group of tadpoles of the other species and an empty compartment, R. icterica tadpoles presented random distribution, while R. ornata tadpoles preferred to associate with heterospecifics. Our results indicate R. icterica tadpoles have preference to associate with conspecifics, while R. ornata tadpoles may school indiscriminately. This study contributes for a better understanding of larval anuran social behavior.

scholarly journals Natural history of the lizard Enyalius brasiliensis (Lesson, 1828) (Leiosauridae) from an Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Van Sluys ◽  
V. M. Ferreira ◽  
C. F. D. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Food Items ◽  
History Of ◽  
Forest Leaf Litter

Information on the ecology of lizard species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest is scarce and almost nothing is known about the ecology of lizards of the genus Enyalius. In this study, we provide information about some aspects of the natural history of E. brasiliensis from an area of Atlantic Forest in Ilha Grande, RJ. Enyalius brasiliensis (N = 15) feeds mainly on arthropods. The most frequent food items were insect larvae, orthopterans, and ants; in terms of volume, larvae and termites were the most important food items; ants and termites were the most numerous prey categories. Two females were reproductive (one had 10 and the other, five vitellogenic follicles); the smallest measured 92.4 mm in SVL. Seven lizards were found on forest leaf litter. The other microhabitats used were vines, fallen logs, branches, and a crevice on a slope.

scholarly journals Predation of the Buffy-fronted Seedeater Sporophila frontalis (Aves: Emberizidae) on Merostachys neesii (Poaceae: Babusoideae) seeds during a masting event in the Atlantic forest

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Cestari ◽  
Cláudio João Bernardi
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Point Counts ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Predatory Impact

The Buffy-fronted Seedeater Sporophila frontalis (Verreaux, 1869) is frequently found foraging on seeds during ephemeral masting events of bamboos in the Atlantic forest. In the present study, we analyzed the predation activity of S. frontalis on seeds of Merostachys neesii Rupr. during a masting event in an Atlantic forest reserve on southeastern Brazil. We conducted point counts in spots with M. neesii and in spots without bamboos along trails to determine the presence of S. frontalis on M. neesii clumps. Additionally, focal observations on bamboo clumps and seed traps were used to verify the predatory impact of S. frontalis on M. neesii seeds. S. frontalis was present in 6 out 18 point counts in M. neesii clumps. The seedeater behaved territorially in bamboo clumps and presented a mean predation rate of 1.10 bamboo seeds/minute. Seed traps had up to 80% of the seeds predated. The large amount of seeds available during bamboo masting events probably contributes to the maintenance of wandering populations of S. frontalis in the Atlantic forest. On the other hand, the predation of seeds by S. frontalis may reduce the reproductive germination and the propagation of the bamboos whose growth may in turn negatively affect the establishment of other forest species.

scholarly journals The orchid-bee fauna (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of ‘RPPN Feliciano Miguel Abdala’ revisited: relevant changes in community composition

2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nemésio ◽  
IRC. Paula
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Orchid Bees ◽  
Orchid Bee ◽  
Eulaema Nigrita

The orchid-bee fauna of ‘Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Feliciano Miguel Abdala’, a 957-ha preserve of Atlantic Forest in eastern Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, was surveyed 12 years after the first inventory in the area. Orchid-bee males were actively collected with insect nets when attracted to seventeen chemical compounds used as scent baits. Three hundred and nineteen males belonging to nine species were collected during 40 hours in late December, 2011, when orchid bees are supposedly more active. Euglossa despecta Moure, 1968, one of the dominant species in the area 12 years ago, was not recorded in the present study. Eulaema nigrita Lepeletier, 1841, on the other hand, represented only 16% of the collected bees in 1999 and 61% in the present study. Possible causes and consequences of these changes are discussed.

Two new species of Anthurium Schott (Araceae) from the Atlantic Forest in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 440 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-300
Author(s):  
JANAINE K. HAMMES ◽  
MARCUS A. N. COELHO ◽  
LÍVIA G. TEMPONI ◽  
JULIO ANTONIO LOMBARDI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Blade Shape

Two new species of the genus Anthurium are described from the Serra do Brigadeiro State Park, in the Atlantic Forest region, southeastern Brazil. Anthurium atrovinosum was found from 1450 to 1720 m and A. brigadeiroense from 1260 to 1650 m. Although they are sympatric species, A. atrovinosum reaches higher elevations, while A. brigadeiroense can be found up to 1650 m. Both belong to Anthurium sect. Urospadix subsect. Insculptinervia, but are easily differentiated by the leaf blade shape, fruit color. Descriptions, illustrations, photographs, comments on geographical distribution, ecology, phenology and comparisons with other similar species are presented.

A new species of Cardioscarta (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) from the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil and key to species of the genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4527 (1) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
NATHALIA H. PECLY ◽  
VICTOR QUINTAS ◽  
RODNEY R. CAVICHIOLI ◽  
GABRIEL MEJDALANI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
South American ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Basal Portion ◽  
A New Species

The South American genus Cardioscarta Melichar, 1932 includes seven species of colorful sharpshooters. Here we describe and illustrate an additional species, C. aurantia sp. nov., from the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil (state of Rio de Janeiro). The new taxon can be distinguished by the dark brown to black forewing with two large orange areas, one from basal portion of corium to distal portions of discal cells and another covering most of clavus, or with single large orange area on basal two-thirds. A key to species of Cardioscarta is provided and the new species is compared with the other ones of the genus. 

A new species of Chresta (Vernonieae, Asteraceae) endemic to the Mata Atlântica Domain, Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 244 (1) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Moriani Siniscalchi ◽  
Benoit Francis Patrice Loeuille ◽  
José Rubens Pirani
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Other ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Rock Outcrops ◽  
Mata Atlântica ◽  
Mata Atlantica ◽  
A New Species

Chresta filicifolia is described and illustrated. It is a perennial herb known only from open vegetation on top of small rock outcrops at the Rio Doce Valley in Eastern Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. This is the first record of a species of Chresta endemic to a phytogeographic domain other than the Cerrado and Caatinga, since those outcrops are included in the Mata Atlântica Domain (Atlantic Forest). The new species is closely related to C. harleyi and C. hatschbachii, but differs from these by its leaves, which are larger and more deeply lobed than those of the other two species, and also by its florets and cypselae, which are both larger in Chresta filicifolia. Moreover, the two other species are allopatric from C. filicifolia, being restricted to the Caatinga Domain. The southernmost distribution of C. harleyi lies more than 500 km away from the locality where the new species is found, making this discovery unexpected, and raising interesting biogeographical questions, which are briefly addressed here.

scholarly journals Activity, habitat use, feeding behavior, and diet of four sympatric species of Serranidae (Actinopterygii: Perciformes) in southeastern Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Zaniolo Gibran
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Dusky Grouper

Diplectrum formosum (the sand perch), Diplectrum radiale (the aquavina), Epinephelus marginatus (the dusky grouper) and Mycteroperca acutirostris (the comb grouper) are four sympatric serranid of remarkable ecological and commercial importance. This study investigated the feeding of these four species in the São Sebastião Channel, São Paulo State (southeastern Brazil), comparing their diet, habitat utilization and morphological features related to foraging. These four serranids are opportunistic visual predators that use a total of nine different tactics to capture their preys, feed mostly on crustaceans during the day and twilight, and keep stationary and quiescent at night. The ecomorphological study was conducted to test its predictive value to infer lifestyles. It was verified that such analysis should be used carefully and must be complemented by field observations. Although morphologically and behaviorally very similar, D. formosum and D. radiale showed different preferences to the substratum type used by large individuals, which are exclusively sit-and-wait predators. On the other hand, E. marginatus displayed more sedentary habits than M. acutirostris, the most versatile predator from the studied species. The studied species of Diplectrum and E. marginatus can be regarded as benthic serranids, while M. acutirostris could be viewed as a nektobenthic species.

Further notes on the taxonomy of four species of Physalaemus (Anura, Leiuperidae) from the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2266 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARIOVALDO A. GIARETTA ◽  
LUCAS B. MARTINS ◽  
MARCELA P. DOS SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Advertisement Calls ◽  
First Time

We analyzed the advertisement calls of four species of Physalaemus (P. olfersii, P. moreirae, P. bokermanni, and P. jordanensis) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The tadpole of P. olfersii is described for the first time. Calls of all species are composed by just one kind of note. Those of P. olfersii are long (4035 ms), pseudo-pulsed, with dominant frequency around 2375 Hz; 7–10 sidebands are well distinguishable. The calls of P. moreirae are pulsed, with duration about 604 ms, mean dominant frequency around 1369 Hz and 3–5 sidebands. Physalaemus bokermanni has a call structurally different from the other species by the absence of sidebands or harmonics, larger inter-pulse breaks (around 34–42 ms) and a wider frequency range (around 3700 Hz). Calls of P. jordanensis are pulsed and have 7–8 harmonics, last about 1068 ms and dominant frequency around 2742 Hz. Physalaemus olfersii tadpoles show typical features of other Physalaemus larvae, measuring about 19 mm in total length. Our data on call of P. olfersii suggest that a broader taxonomic survey would be worthwhile by revealing that different species are included under this name. Calls of P. moreirae and P. bokermanni, in general, are in agreement with those previously described from other sites, but complementary features are given. Those of Physalaemus jordanensis show some differences in relation to the calls from the type locality, but additional data are still necessary for a taxonomic conclusion.

scholarly journals Differential trappability of small mammals in three habitats of Southeastern Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 895-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Vieira ◽  
C. E. V. Grelle ◽  
R. Gentile
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Sampling Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Forest Reserve

We compared the trappability of marked and unmarked individuals in species of marsupials and rodents of three tropical assemblages of small mammals in Brazil. Two studies used trapping grids, one in cerrado and the other in an Atlantic forest reserve, whereas the study in a rural area used transects. In the two studies using trapping grids, marked animals were frequently more trappable than unmarked ones, but in some species this difference was not significant. In the rural area, marked and unmarked animals did not differ significantly. The number of recaptures per resident animal was higher in the two studies using trapping grids than in the rural area where transects were used. Differences in trappability between the three studies might have been caused by differences not only in trapping design (grids vs. transects), but also in the type of trap used, bait, and habitat. Although differential trappability tends to be considered the rule in small mammals, these results suggest that trappability of marked and unmarked animals may be specific for the particular combination of sampling design, field methods, and habitat under study.

scholarly journals Potential bird dispersers of Psychotria in a area of Atlantic forest on Ilha Grande, RJ, Southeastern Brazil: a biochemical analysis of the fruits

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (1a) ◽  
pp. 01-08 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Almeida ◽  
P. F. Costa ◽  
M. S. Buckeridge ◽  
M. A. S. Alves
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Carbohydrate Composition

The present study assessed the fruiting pattern, bird foraging behavior, and sugar content of ripe fruits of two sympatric species of Rubiaceae (Psychotria brasiliensis and P. nuda). This study was carried out in an Atlantic forest area on Ilha Grande, RJ, between August 1998 and July 1999. Fruit production occurred year round, with a peak of mature P. brasiliensis fruits in December 1998 and another of P. nuda in February of 1999. Lipaugus lanioides (Cotingidae), Baryphtengus ruficapillus (Momotidae) and Saltator similis (Emberizidae) made the most frequent foraging visits to fruiting P. brasiliensis, so that L. lanioides and B. ruficapillus removed the fruits with sallying maneuvers while S. similis gleaned the fruits. Lipaugus lanioides was by far the most important consumer, and potentially the main disperser of P. brasiliensis. Birds of this genus are heavy frugivores in the tropical forests and are widely assumed to be important seed dispersers. The fruits were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively in relation to the amounts of sucrose and starch. Psychotria brasiliensis (the visited species) showed the smallest quantity of sucrose and the highest amount of starch. These findings suggest that what may influence the birds' choice of fruit is the proportion of starch in the Psychotria species studied here rather than the carbohydrate composition.

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