scholarly journals No-tillage implementation: Analyzis on water-based sediment flow in the Marombas River, Brazil

2022 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-211
Author(s):  
Eder A. S. Sá ◽  
Ildegardis Bertol ◽  
Silvio L. Rafaeli Neto ◽  
Daiane T. Schier
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Sediment Production ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Sediment Flow ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Water erosion is influenced by climate, soil, soil cover and soil conservation practices. These factors can be modified by natural (especially climate) and/or anthropogenic (especially soil, soil cover and conservation practices) actions. The relief factor also influences the water erosion and can also be partially modified by anthropic action. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of anthropogenic action due to the introduction of soil crop in no-tillage system on water erosion, and on the consequent flow of sediments in the water. The study was carried out in the Marombas river basin with an area of 3,939 km², using the Soil Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) model. The calibration and validation of the model for sediment production was carried out with a historical series of synthetic data. The data from this series were estimated by linear regression from sediment value load and the average daily flow obtained punctually in the basin’s outlet. The SWAT model was calibrated on a daily scale with data from 1979 to 1989 and was validated with data from 1994 and 1997. The SWAT model was suitable to represent the average daily flow and sediment flow in the Marombas watershed. The hypothesis of reduced sediment production with increasing soil crop in no-tillage system was accepted.

scholarly journals Evolution of some components of agroecosystems productivity from Vinga Plain in water stress situations

2010 ◽  
pp. 174-179
Author(s):  
Daniel Dicu ◽  
Iacob Borza ◽  
Dorin Tarau
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
System Level ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
No Till ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
On Line ◽  
New Interactions ◽  
The Impact

The researches are inscribed on line of substantiation of durable agricultural system, having main objective the prominence ofquantitative and qualitative modifications made on agro-system level under the effect of no-tillage system for wheat, maize and soybeans.The experimental field is placed on a cambium chernozem, with a medium content of clay, dominant in the Prodagro West Arad agrocentreand representative for a large surface in the Banat-Crisana Plain.The passing to no-till system change the structure of technological elements, through less soil works, so the impact on agro-system isdifferent comparing with conventional tillage, first less the intervention pressure on agro-system ant secondly appears new interactions, newequilibriums and disequilibriums.Considering the evolution of soil humidity, the observations made monthly (by taking soil samples and laboratory determinations) forthe three cultures showed that in the no-till system, there are more uniform values in the soil profile, and in the variants where the deep workof soil was made it could be observed a low increase of the water volume in the soil.

scholarly journals Nutrient Cycling by Cover Species and Yield of Soybean Grains in a Clayey Oxisol Under No-Tillage System

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Zenaide Zin ◽  
Deonir Secco ◽  
Luiz Antônio Zanão Júnior ◽  
Bruna de Villa ◽  
Luciene Kazue Tokura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
System Control ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Velvet Bean ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of changes in soil management and crop rotation on a clayey Oxisol under no-tillage system in nutrient cycling and soybean yield. The experiment was conducted in the 2014/2015 harvest, at the Agronomic Institute of Parana (IAPAR), at the Experimental Station of Santa Tereza do Oeste, in a clayey Oxisol, in a completely randomized design with four replicates. The management systems evaluated were: no-tillage system (control), no-tillage system with scarification (NTSS) and no-tillage system with gypsum application (NTSG), and six treatments involving crop rotation with species reclaimers of structure: pearl millet, dwarf pigeon pea, sunn hemp, pigeon pea, rattlebox and velvet bean. The attributes/chemical characteristics of the soil were evaluated: phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), potassium (K+), organic carbon (C), soil acidity (pH), aluminum (Al3+), potential acidity (H++Al3+), base sum (BS), cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (V), aluminum saturation (Al*) in the layers 0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m, after the application of treatments and cultivation of soil cover species. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the means of the treatments compared by the Tukey test at 5 % of significance. The pigeon pea provided higher phosphorus cycling (63.67 mg dm-3), velvet bean, larger magnesium cycling (4.25 cmolc dm-3) and higher values of organic carbon (27.67 g dm-3) in the layer of 0.05-0.10 m. The yield of grains, number of plants per meter and mass of 100 soybean grains did not present significant differences among the evaluated treatments.

scholarly journals Use of cover crops in Oxisol and its effects on yield and soybean oil content

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e353101220514
Author(s):  
Luciene Kazue Tokura ◽  
Deonir Secco ◽  
Luiz Antônio Zanão Júnior ◽  
Jair Antonio Cruz Siqueira ◽  
Alessandra Mayumi Tokura Alovisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Structural Quality ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

In the no-tillage system, soils generally exhibit some degree of compaction that limits agricultural production. In this scenario, the use of soil cover plants is one of the alternatives capable of improving the structural quality of the soil and increasing the productivity of crops, such as soybeans. In the context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of plant cover species and management systems on the improvement of the physical characteristics of a Oxisol and its effects on the production and content of soybean oil. The treatments consisted of control, no-tillage system with gypsum, chiseling system, and 12 treatments with soil cover species composed of 6 summer species and 6 winter species, in completely randomized design. Soil samples were collected in the 0-0.1; 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-0.3 m layers for determination of bulk density (BD), total porosity (TP), microporosity, macroporosity, and saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) in 2014, 2017, 2018. Grain yield, oil content, thousand-seed weight, mean plant height and number of plants per meter were evaluated in soybean crop. Mean treatment values were compared by Tukey’s test at 5% significance. Five months after the chiseling system, there was no influence on BD. The treatments did not present differences six months after the application of gypsum. BD, TP, micro and macroporosity and Ksat were the variables most influenced by the periods of the year in the three soil layers. Grain yield, oil content, thousand-seed weight, plant height and number of plants per meter were influenced by the seasons.

scholarly journals Effect of No-tillage System and Fertilization on Wheat Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Mircea GRIGORAS ◽  
Agatha POPESCU ◽  
Ioan NEGRUTIU ◽  
Mihai GIDEA ◽  
Ioan HAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
The Impact

Conservation agriculture is an alternative to conventional agriculture and one of the most efficient systems for sustainable agricultural development, stimulating soil biological activity, increasing organic matter and humus content. In order to evaluate the impact of the conservation agriculture system compared to the conventional agriculture system on wheat yield, a bi-factorial experiment on wheat crop based on split-plot model was organized in the Transylvania Plain, Romania, where there are a few research results in the field and the area has a high potential for the implementation of conservation agriculture system. First factor (‘A’) was agriculture system, having two levels: ‘A1’ tillage (classic) system and ‘A2’ no-tillage system, and the second, ‘B’ factor was fertilization, with three levels: ‘B1’ no fertilization, ‘B2’- N80P40 kg/ha, which is the average level practiced by farmers in the area and ‘B3’- N150P75 kg/ha, which is the recommended level for obtaining a high production performance specific to ‘Ariesan’ wheat cultivar used in this experiment. The results pointed out that, in comparison with conventional agriculture, the application of no-tillage system determined a lower wheat yield by 353 kg per surface unit. Fertilization assured a significant increase by 610 kg wheat grains per ha. In the case of the conservation agriculture system, the highest production gain was 1,260 kg/ha for ‘B3A2’ level compared to ‘B1A2’ level, where the highest fertilization level was applied. The lowest production gain was 410 kg/ha registered by ‘B3A1-B1A1’ which was the highest fertilizer dose in case of conventional agriculture. In conclusion, the application of no-tillage system increased the efficiency of fertilization in terms of wheat yield compared to the classical agriculture. As a result, it is recommended as farmers dealing with wheat cropping in the area and also in other regions with similar soil and climate conditions to implement conservation agriculture.

scholarly journals FEIJÃO-DE-PORCO E BRAQUIÁRIA CULTIVADOS EM SISTEMA SOLTEIRO E CONSORCIADO

Nativa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 622-629
Author(s):  
Franciele Caroline De Assis Valadão ◽  
Daniel Dias Valadão Júnior ◽  
Maíra Rizzi ◽  
Marcionilio Caetano De Souza Neto
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Coverage Rate ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Canavalia Ensiformis ◽  
Tillage System

Alguns fatores impedem que o Sistema de Plantio Direto (SPD) seja adotado em larga escala no Cerrado, dentro dos quais destacam-se a alta temperatura e alta pluviosidade característico do bioma que dificultam a manutenção da palhada sobre o solo e obtenção do verdadeiro SPD. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o melhor arranjo entre feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis) e braquiária (Urochloa ruziziensis), quando cultivados com a finalidade de plantas de cobertura. O experimento foi implantado em Latossolo Vermelho de textura argilosa em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e cinco tratamentos sendo: cultivo solteiro de braquiária; cultivo solteiro de feijão-de-porco; 25% de braquiária + 75% de feijão-de-porco; 50% de braquiária + 50% de feijão-de-porco; 75% de braquiária + 25% de feijão-de-porco. Avaliou-se a taxa de cobertura do solo, densidade de raiz, acúmulo de fitomassa, teor e acúmulo de nutrientes, decomposição, tempo de meia vida (T½) e ciclagem de nutrientes pelas palhadas. Todos os tratamentos proporcionaram a taxa de 100% de cobertura. A relação N e C foi inversa nos tratamentos, sendo que os com maior presença de feijão-de-porco apresentaram maior teor de N e os com mais braquiária apresentaram maior teor C. O consórcio 50% braquiária + 50% feijão-de-porco se mostrou o arranjo mais favorável entre as duas espécies, visto que apresentou valores intermediários de taxa de cobertura, acúmulo e decomposição de massa seca e nutrientes, mantendo presente no sistema as características de ambas espécies. Palavras-chave: Canavalia ensiformis; plantas de cobertura; sistema de plantio direto; Urochloa ruziziensis.   JACK BEANS AND BRACHIARIA CULTIVATED IN A SINGLE AND CONSORTIUM SYSTEM   ABSTRACT: Some factors prevent the No-Tillage System from being widely adopted in the Cerrado, among which the high temperature and high rainfall characteristic of the biome stand out, making it difficult to maintain the straw over the soil and obtain the true No-Tillage System. The objective of this work was to determine the best arrangement between jack beans (Canavalia ensiformis) and brachiaria (Urochloa ruziziensis), when cultivated with the purpose of cover crops. The experiment was carried out in a clayey Latossolo Vermelho in randomized blocks with four replications and five treatments: single brachiaria cultivation; single cultivation of jack beans; 25% brachiaria + 75% jack beans; 50% brachiaria + 50% jack beans; 75% brachiaria + 25%jack beans. The soil cover rate, root density, phytomass accumulation, nutrient content and accumulation, decomposition, half-life (T½) and nutrient cycling through straw were evaluated. All treatments provided a 100% coverage rate. The N and C ratio was inverse in the treatments, with those with a higher presence of jack beans having a higher N content and those with more brachiaria having a higher C level. The consortium 50% brachiaria + 50% jack beans proved to be the most favorable arrangement between the two species, since it presented intermediate values ​​of coverage rate, accumulation and decomposition of dry mass and nutrients, keeping the characteristics of both species present in the system. Keywords: Canavalia ensiformis; cover crops; no-tillage system; Urochloa ruziziensis.

scholarly journals INTERVALOS DE TEMPO ENTRE A DESSECAÇÃO DE PASTAGEM DE AZEVÉM E A SEMEADURA DE FEIJÃO, SOJA E MILHO

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvadi Antonio BALBINOT JR ◽  
Gilcimar Adriano VOGT ◽  
Michelangelo Muzell TREZZI ◽  
Milton da VEIGA
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
The Common ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Livestock System

Na região Sul do Brasil é comum o cultivo de feijão, soja e milho após pastagem anual de inverno, em sistema integração lavoura-pecuária. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de intervalos de tempo entre a dessecação de pastagem de azevém e a semeadura de feijão, soja e milho sobre o desempenho das culturas, em plantio direto. Foram conduzidos três experimentos, um para cada cultura, em Major Vieira, SC, na safra 2009/10, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Foram avaliados quatro intervalos de tempo entre a dessecação do azevém e a semeadura das culturas: 0, 10, 22 e 31 dias. Dessecações de azevém próximas à semeadura das três culturas conferiram maior quantidade de palha e cobertura do solo por esta no momento da semeadura, mas reduziram a cobertura do solo por plantas de feijão, soja e milho no início do ciclo de desenvolvimento. Contudo, a produtividade de grãos e os seus componentes (número de plantas por área, número de vagens/espigas por planta, número de grãos por vagem/espiga e massa do grão) não foram afetados pelos intervalos de tempo entre a dessecação do azevém e a semeadura de feijão, soja e milho. ABSTRACT In crop-livestock system in Southern Brazil is usual the common bean, soybean and corn cropping after annual winter pasture. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of time intervals between ryegrass desiccation and the common bean, soybean and corn sowing on crop performance, in no-tillage system. Three experiments were carried out in Major Vieira, Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, in 2009/10 crop season. The experimental design was a completely randomized, with three replications. Were evaluated four time intervals between ryegrass desiccation and sowing crops: 0, 10, 22 and 31 days. Ryegrass desiccation near the common bean, soybean and corn sowing showed higher straw production and straw cover at sowing, but decreased the soil cover by crops plants in the beginning of their cycle. However, the grain yields and its components (number of plants per area, number of pods/ears per plant, number of grains per pod/ear and grains mass) were not affected by time intervals between ryegrass desiccation and crops sowing.

scholarly journals Phytomass and nutrient release in soybean cultivation systems under no-tillage

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1119-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andressa Selestina Dalla Côrt São Miguel ◽  
Leandro Pereira Pacheco ◽  
Ícaro Camargo de Carvalho ◽  
Edicarlos Damacena de Souza ◽  
Priscilla Barros Feitosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Cultivation Systems ◽  
Tillage System

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of phytomass accumulation, soil cover, and nutrient cycling promoted by cultivation systems with annual and cover crops on the grain yield of soybean sown in succession in the Cerrado, in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with nine cultivation systems and four replicates, in two crop seasons. In 2014/2015, forage grasses and legumes were evaluated, besides fallow treatments. In 2015/2016, forage and legume intercropped or not with corn or sunflower and fallow were assessed; the soybean crop was evaluated following cover crops. Phytomass, soil cover, and nutrient cycling provided by cultivation systems, as well as soybean mass and yield, were determined. Urochloa ruziziensis alone or intercropped, compared with the fallow systems, promotes significant increases in phytomass production, soil cover and nutrient cycling, with an increase in the grain yield of soybean planted in succession. N and K are the most accumulated nutrients in the aerial part of the cover crops and are released in larger quantities in the soil in the two years of evaluation. Crotalaria spectabilis promotes an increase in soybean yield in the 2015/2016 crop season, compared with U. ruziziensis, due to the synchronism between N release and uptake under no-tillage system.

scholarly journals Structuring of a Haplortox by Soil Cover Species

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Luciene Kazue Tokura ◽  
Deonir Secco ◽  
Luiz Antônio Zanão Júnior ◽  
Jair Antonio Cruz Siqueira ◽  
Samuel Nelson Melegari de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Average Height ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of soil cover species and management systems in improving the physical characteristics of a Haplortox and its effects on grain yield and soybean oil content. The experimental area, consisted of 15 treatments in a completely randomized experimental design. Each plot had size of 20 × 25 m. The treatments consisted of: traditional no-tillage system (control), no-tillage system with application of gypsum, no-tillage with scarification and 12 treatments with cover species called soil structure reclaimers. Soil samples were collected in the layers of 0-0.10; 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.30 m, with four replicates. The physical attributes evaluated were bulk density, total porosity, microporosity, macroporosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity in the periods of 2014, 2015 and 2016. In the soybean crop the grain yield, oil content, weight of 100 grains, average height of plants and number of plants/m were evaluated in each treatment with four replications. The oil content was performed by the low-field nuclear magnetic resonance method. The averages of the treatments were compared by the Tukey test at 5% of significance. The results showed that five months after soil scarification did not affect bulk density. Eleven months after gypsum application discrete improvements in density, total porosity, microporosity and soil hydraulic conductivity occurred in the 0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m layers. It was also concluded that grain yield, oil content, weight of 100 grains and number of plants per meter were not influenced by the soil cover species and soil management systems.

Empowering Women Entrepreneurs Through Microfinance - A Case of Rural Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Saida Parvin
Keyword(s):  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Donor Agencies ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Women’s empowerment has been at the centre of research focus for many decades. Extant literature examined the process, outcome and various challenges. Some claimed substantial success, while others contradicted with evidence of failure. But the success remains a matter of debate due to lack of empirical evidence of actual empowerment of women around the world. The current study aimed to address this gap by taking a case study method. The study critically evaluates 20 cases carefully sampled to include representatives from the entire country of Bangladesh. The study demonstrates popular beliefs about microfinance often misguide even the borrowers and they start living in a fabricated feeling of empowerment, facing real challenges to achieve true empowerment in their lives. The impact of this finding is twofold; firstly there is a theoretical contribution, where the definition of women’s empowerment is proposed to be revisited considering findings from these cases. And lastly, the policy makers at governmental and non-governmental organisations, and multinational donor agencies need to revise their assessment tools for funding.

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