scholarly journals Gas exchanges and photosynthetic pigments of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango as a function of fenpropimorph

Author(s):  
Daniel de A. Carreiro ◽  
Renata A. e Amariz ◽  
Luciana G. Sanches ◽  
Jackson T. Lobo ◽  
Vespasiano B. de Paiva Neto ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the application of fenpropimorph and paclobutrazol on gas exchanges and photosynthetic pigments of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango grown in the semi-arid region in different evaluation periods. Two experiments were carried out in ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango orchards in the first production cycle between September and December 2018 (first experiment) and between September and December 2019 (second experiment) in Petrolina, PE, Brazil. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks in split plots in time, 4 × 4 + 1, with four replicates. The plots corresponded to the concentrations of fenpropimorph: 0, 0.7, 1.0, and 1.3 g per linear meter of plant canopy diameter plus the additional paclobutrazol treatment (1 g per linear meter of plant canopy diameter), and the subplots corresponded to the evaluation dates (0, 30, 60, and 90 days after the first application of treatments). The following traits were evaluated: CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, transpiration, water use efficiency, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids. The fenpropimorph dose of 1.3 g per linear meter of plant canopy promotes a higher rate of CO2 assimilation; however, paclobutrazol was more effective in the accumulation of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll, and the use of fenpropimorph did not interfere in the concentration of photosynthetic pigments.

Author(s):  
Idelfonso Leandro Bezerra ◽  
Hans Raj Gheyi ◽  
Reginaldo Gomes Nobre ◽  
Geovani Soares de Lima ◽  
João Batista dos Santos ◽  
...  

This study evaluated the growth and gas exchanges of guava, cv. ‘Paluma’ cultivated in salinized soil and subjected to different nitrogen (N) doses in a protected environment in the municipality of Campina Grande-PB. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 5 x 4 factorial arrangement with three replicates, and the treatments resulted from the combination of five salinity levels in the soil saturation extract - ECse (2.15, 3.15,4.15, 5.15 and 6.15 dS m-1) and four N doses (70, 100, 130 and 160% of the recommended N dose). The dose referring to 100% of N corresponded to 541.1 mg of N dm-3 of soil. At 120 and 180 days after (DAT), plant growth was evaluated based on stem diameter (SD), leaf area (LA) and number of leaves (NL). At 210 DAT, the following variables of leaf gas exchanges were evaluated: stomatal conductance (gs), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration (E) and CO2 assimilation rate (A). ECse above 2.15 dS m-1 reduced stem diameter, leaf area, number of leaves, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, transpiration and CO2 assimilation rate, in both evaluation periods. N dose above 70% of the recommendation (378.7 mg N dm-3 of soil) did not mitigate the deleterious effects caused by the salt stress on the growth and gas exchanges of guava plants.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Pablo Wenderson Ribeiro Coutinho ◽  
Márcia De Moraes Echer ◽  
Vandeir Francisco Guimarães ◽  
Maria Do Carmo Lana ◽  
Adriano Mitio Inagaki ◽  
...  

The objective was to evaluate the effect of calcium silicate on the chlorophyll content and gas exchange of two tomato hybrids. The design used was in randomized blocks in a 2x5 factorial scheme, with four replications. The first factor was composed of two tomato hybrids: Ivety and Natália, and the second factor was composed of five doses of calcium silicate (0, 150, 300, 450, and 600 kg ha-1), applied to the substrate before planting the seedlings. Gas exchange: net CO2 assimilation rate (A), leaf transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), water-use efficiency (WUE), intrinsic efficiency water use (iWUE), and instant carboxylation efficiency (ACi); SPAD index and the levels of chlorophylls a, b, and total were evaluated. The analyzes were performed in the stages of first flowering (17 days after transplanting - DAT), full flowering (58 DAT), and full fruiting (78 DAT). At 17 DAT, no difference was observed for gas exchange variables and photosynthetic pigments. The application of calcium silicate reduced gas exchange and photosynthetic pigments at 58 DAT. The hybrid Natália had the highest A, WUE, iWUE, and ACi at 78 DAT. However, the hybrid Ivety in the same growth stage, in full fruiting, was superior only for the internal concentration of CO2 and SPAD index, with no difference for photosynthetic pigments.


Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1686
Author(s):  
Haoyun Wang ◽  
Feng Wu ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Daqu Liang ◽  
Guijie Ding

Pines have heteroblastic foliage (primary and secondary needles) during seedling stage, but how heteroblastic foliage affects carbon storage and biomass accumulation, contributing to seedling quality, is unclear. We investigated the influences of heteroblastic foliage on photosynthetic physiological characteristics, non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) and biomass accumulation in current-year seedlings; the key factors determining biomass accumulation were mainly determined by principal component screening, Spearman correlation, and path analysis. The results indicated that (1) primary needles have high photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll), net photosynthetic rates (Pn), the potential maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and leaf instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi), whereas higher non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) suggested that sudden light increases induce the initiation of quenching mechanism in primary needles; additionally, secondary needles had a lower transpiration rate (Tr), limiting stomata (Ls), and light saturation point. (2) Secondary needles promoted soluble sugar (fructose and glucose) increases in leaves compared to that of primary needles and increased the leaf biomass accumulation (from 47.06% to 54.30%), enhancing the overall ability of photosynthetic organs; additionally, secondary needles can enhance the proportion of starch storage in the roots, and NSC accumulation was significantly increasing in the seedling leaves and roots. (3) Photosynthetic pigments (carotenoids, chlorophyll a, and total chlorophyll) had direct positive effects on primary needle seedling (PNS) biomass and promoted biomass by indirectly increasing soluble sugar synthesis in the stems. The Pn was the main physiological factor determining PNS biomass accumulation. In addition, the WUEi, Ls, and NPQ had direct negative effects on PNS biomass accumulation, inhibiting photosynthesis to limit seedling growth. Considering the functional traits in heteroblastic foliage is necessary when assessing different leaf types of Pinus massoniana (Lamb.) seedlings, in particular those threats implicated in light, water, and temperature relations. Our results can be beneficial to guide the establishment of seedling management and afforestation measures.


2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Anelisa Figueiredo Peloso ◽  
Sandro Dan Tatagiba ◽  
Francisco José Teixeira Amaral ◽  
Paulo César Cavatte ◽  
José Eduardo Macedo Pezzopane

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of pyraclostrobin on the photosynthetic performance of rabica coffee plants subjected or not to a water deficit, using the parameter of gas exchange (net CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and internal CO2 concentration and nocturnal respiration), chlorophyll fluorescence a parameters (minimum fluorescence, maximum fluorescence, maximum quantum yield of photosystem II, effective quantum yield of PSII, quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation and quantum yield dissipation non-regulated) as well as the concentrations of chloroplast pigments. In the plants maintained without water deficit, pyraclostrobin did not cause any alteration on the parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence; however, it contributed to an increase in the level of chlorophyll a + b, CO2 assimilation and CO2 influx for the carboxylation sites of the stroma. Decreases in nocturnal respiration in plants treated with pyraclostrobin, submitted or not to water deficit seems to be a common strategy in reducing energy waste in the maintenance metabolism. Under water deficit, pyraclostrobin contributed to increase the photochemical yield, enabling plants to effectively prevent the capture, use and dissipation of light energy.


2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADAAN SUDARIO DIAS ◽  
GEOVANI SOARES DE LIMA ◽  
FRANCISCO WESLEY ALVES PINHEIRO ◽  
HANS RAJ GHEYI ◽  
LAURIANE ALMEIDA DOS ANJOS SOARES

ABSTRACT Water resources in the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil commonly contain high salt concentrations, compromising the quality of water for agriculture. Thus, adopting techniques that make the use of these resources feasible in agriculture is fundamental. The present study aimed to evaluate the gas exchanges, quantum yield and photosynthetic pigments of grafted West Indian cherry subjected to salt stress and potassium fertilization under greenhouse conditions in the municipality of Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. Treatments were distributed in randomized blocks, composed of two levels of electrical conductivity - ECw (0.8 and 3.8 dS m-1) of water and four doses of potassium (50, 75, 100 and 125% of the dose recommended for the crop), with three replicates. The dose relative to 100% corresponded to 19.8 g of K2O per plant. Gas exchanges, chlorophyll a fluorescence and photosynthetic pigments of West Indian cherry are negatively affected by irrigation using water with electrical conductivity of 3.8 dS m-1, which compromises the photosynthetic apparatus of the plant, a situation evidenced by the reduction in photosystem II quantum efficiency. Increasing potassium doses led to increments in transpiration, chlorophyll a maximum fluorescence and chlorophyll b content in West Indian cherry grown under salt stress, but do not attenuate the negative effects of irrigation with 3.8 dS m-1 water on its potential photochemical efficiency.


2019 ◽  
pp. 1353-1361
Author(s):  
Francisco Wesley Alves Pinheiro ◽  
Geovani Soares de Lima ◽  
Hans Raj Gheyi ◽  
Saulo Soares da Silva ◽  
Adaan Sudário Dias ◽  
...  

The water resources in the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil commonly have high concentrations of salts, compromising the quality of the water used in irrigation. Thus, it is necessary to study the feasibility of using these resources in agriculture. The present study aimed to evaluate gas exchanges, photosynthetic pigments and growth of white cotton cv. BRS 368 RF using irrigation water of different salinity levels and fertilization with combinations of nitrogen and potassium, under greenhouse conditions in the municipality of Campina Grande-PB, Brazil. Treatments were arranged in randomized blocks in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, with five levels of electrical conductivity of water–ECw (0.7, 2.2, 3.7, 5.2 and 6.7 dS m-1) and four combinations of fertilization with nitrogen and potassium (70/50, 100/75, 130/100, 160/125% of the recommended dose), with three replicates. There was degradation in chlorophyll a and b levels and in cotton growth, but the cultivar BRS 368 RF markedly increased carotenoid biosynthesis at 75 days after sowing. Nitrogen and potassium application in the combination of 100/75% of their respective recommendations led to increase in plant height. The supply of nitrogen in combination with potassium did not alleviate the deleterious effects of salt stress on gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments and growth of cotton.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-375
Author(s):  
Folake B. ANJORIN

Glasshouse study was carried out to evaluate the impacts of water deficit stress (WDS) on leaf growth and photosynthetic pigments of four maize varieties at the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Ibadan. Seeds from ‘TZPBSR-W’, ‘ILE1OB’, ‘ART98SW6OB’ and ‘DTESYNSTR’ maize varieties were sown in sixty-four pots in a 4 x 4 factorial CR Design(r=4). The WDS treatments include 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% field capacities (FC). Data were taken weekly on specific leaf weight (SLW), leaf area (LA), leaf weight (LWT) and crop growth rate. At four weeks of WDS, extracts were obtained from 0.2 g cut leaf sample using 96% (v/v) ethanol. Light absorbance of the ethanolic leaf extract (cholorophyll-a (665 nm), chlorophyll-b (649 nm), total chlorophyll and the carotenoids (440 nm)) were read using spectrophotometer. From the results, WDS significantly reduced SLW, LWT, LA and CGR (p<0.001). The SLW ranged from 0.027±0.0 (g cm-2) (‘ART98SW6OB’) to 0.034±0.0 (g cm-2) (‘DTESYNSTR’), while the LA ranged from 269.7±25.4 (cm2) (‘ART98SW6OB’) to 220.9±20.9 (cm2) (‘ILE1OB’). Water deficit stress significantly reduced chlorophyll-b (p<0.01), chlorophyll-a and total chlorophyll (p<0.001) and the carotenoid (p<0.05). Chlorophyll-a ranged from 0.038±0.0 mg/g (‘DTESYNSTR’) to 0.050±0.0 mg/g (‘TZPBSR-W’), chlorophyll-b ranged from 0.021 mg/g (‘ART98SW6OB’) to 0.040 mg/g (‘TZPBSR-W’), total chlorophyll ranged from 0.063±0.0 mg/g (‘ART98SW6OB’) to 0.093±0.0 mg/g (‘TZPBSR-W’), while the carotenoid ranged from 0.084±0.08 mg/g (‘ART98SW6OB’) to 0.115±0.09 mg/g (‘TZPBSR-W’). The WDS and Variety interaction on photosynthetic pigments were significant (p<0.05). The Leaf growth traits, photosynthetic pigments and over all crop growth in maize are impaired when subjected to water deficit stress.


2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 3039-3052
Author(s):  
Geovani Soares de Lima ◽  
◽  
Charles Macedo Félix ◽  
Saulo Soares da Silva ◽  
Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos Soares ◽  
...  

In the semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil, due to the occurrence of excess salts, both in the water and soil, plants are constantly exposed to various conditions of abiotic stress. Thus, it is extremely important to identify methods capable of minimizing the effects of salt stress on plants as a way to ensure the expansion of irrigated areas. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the gas exchange, growth, and production of mini-watermelon irrigated with saline waters and fertilized with phosphorus. The experiment was conducted in pots under greenhouse conditions in Pombal, PB, Brazil, using a randomized block design in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, corresponding to five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water—ECw (0.3, 1.3, 2.3, 3.3, and 4.3 dS m-1), four phosphorus doses— PD (60, 80, 100, and 120% of the recommendation), and with three replicates. Watermelon plants cv. Sugar Baby were sensitive to water salinity greater than 0.3 dS m-1, with more pronounced inhibition of gas exchange, growth, and production. Reduction in the CO2 assimilation rate of watermelon plants cv. Sugar Baby was associated with factors of stomatal and non-stomatal origin. Phosphorous doses corresponding to 73 and 88% of the recommended values promoted an increase in the intercellular CO2 concentration and stem diameter of mini-watermelon plants. P2O5 doses ranging from 60 to 120% of the recommendation did not mitigate the effects of salt stress on the cultivation of watermelon cv. Sugar Baby.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghasem PARMOON ◽  
Ali EBADI ◽  
Soodabe JAHANBAKHSH ◽  
Masoud HASHEMI ◽  
Seyed Amir MOOSAVI

In order to investigate the effects of some plant growth regulators on photosynthetic pigments and growth of fennel plants, a greenhouse experiment was conducted based on the randomized complete block design with three replicates in 2017. Treatments were the application of methyl jasmonate (25, 50, 100 and 200 μM), putrescine (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mM) and 24-Epibrassinolide at 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μM and distilled water as a control. The results indicated that application of 0.5 Mm putrescine, exhibited significant effects on the chlorophyll a (62%), b (104%), total chlorophyll (72%), carotenoids (51%), flavonoids (51%), anthocyanin content (-14%), phenolic compounds (13%) and maximum quantum efficiency (17%) in dark condition and in light condition. Application of 24-Epibrassinolide resulted in a significant increase of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll, carotenoids, phenol content, maximum quantum efficiency in the dark condition and photochemical quenching of fluorescence. The highest chlorophyll content and carotenoids were observed in treated plants with 0.1 µM 24-Epibrassinolide, while the maximum phenol content was obtained by application of 0.01 µM 24-Epibrassinolide. The application of methyl jasmonate significantly affected the major chlorophyll and accessory pigments (except phenol) of fennel. Plants treated with 50 µM methyl jasmonate exhibited higher concentrations of chlorophyll a (3.25 mg per g FW-1), total chlorophyll (4.35 mg per g FW-1), carotenoids (0.87 mg per g FW-1) and flavonoids (4.75 µg per g FW-1). A significant dry weight increased after the application of methyl jasmonate and it can be concluded that the most effective treatment in this regard for fennel plants was 50 µM methyl jasmonate.


2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Moacir Pinheiro Lima Filho

A study was carried out at Embrapa Semi-Árido, Petrolina-PE, Brazil, aiming to understand the gas exchange process of the umbu tree (Spondias tuberosa Arr. Cam.) in the dry and rainy seasons. Stomatal conductance, transpiration, photosynthesis and internal CO2 concentration were obtained with a portable infrared gas analyzer (IRGA). During the dry season the umbu tree showed a much lower stomatal conductance early in the morning, as soon as the vapor pressure deficit increased, apparently affecting CO2 assimilation more than transpiration. The highest values were detected around 6:00 am but decreased to the lowest points between 10:00 am and 2:00 pm. During the rainy season, however, stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthesis were significantly higher, reaching the highest values between 8:00 and 10:00 am and the lowest around 2:00 pm. It was also observed at 4:00 pm, mainly during the rainy season, an increase on these variables indicating that the umbu tree exhibits a two-picked daily course of gas exchange.


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