scholarly journals Effect of hippotherapy in the global motor coordination in individuals with Down Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 229-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Sovat de Freitas Costa ◽  
Hudday Mendes da Silva ◽  
Monique de Azevêdo ◽  
André Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Ludmila Lucena Pereira Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Genetic Syndromes ◽  
Balance Beam ◽  
Equine Therapy ◽  
Single Lever ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction: Down syndrome (DS) of all genetic syndromes is the most common. In Hippotherapy, three-dimensional movements, provided by horse walking, awaken in the body of children with DS a large amount of sensory and neuromuscular stimuli, which directly interfere with overall development and the acquisition of motor skills. Objective: To analyze the effects of an Hippotherapy program on global motor coordination variables in individuals with DS of both genders and to compare individuals with the same syndrome who do not practice Hippotherapy. Methods: 41 individuals participated in the study, 20 of them practicing Hippotherapy (EG) and 21 who did not practice Hippotherapy (CG). The Körperkoordinations test für Kinder (KTK) test was used, consisting of four tasks: Balance on beams, Single-lever jump, Side-jump and Transfer on platform for analysis of motor coordination for individuals. Results: Comparing the groups, a significant difference (p < 0.01) was observed for the Lateral Leap Motor Quotient, the EG presented a better score (114.10) than the CG (88.47), and also in the Total Motor Ratio (EG = 115.10, GC = 102.47). The individuals that practice Hippotherapy presented better results in the global motor coordination, with significant difference (p < 0.05). In EG, 5% had high global motor coordination, 40% good and 55% normal, whereas in CG only 10% had good global motor coordination and 90% normal global motor coordination. Conclusion: It can be emphasized that equine therapy presents benefits of improvement in global motor coordination. Specifically in tasks such as the balance beam, single jump and side jump, besides global motor coordination.

VALIDITY OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL PHOTONIC SCANNING TECHNIQUE FOR ESTIMATING PERCENT BODY FAT

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
K. SHITARA ◽  
H. KANEHISA ◽  
T. FUKUNAGA ◽  
T. YANAI ◽  
Y. KAWAKAMI
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Body Surface ◽  
Estimated Error

Background:Three-dimensional photonic scanning (3DPS) was recently developed to measuredimensions of a human body surface. Objective:The purpose of this study was to explore the validity of bodyvolume measured by 3DPS for estimating the percent body fat (%fat). Design, setting, participants, andmeasurement:The body volumes were determined by 3DPS in 52 women. The body volume was corrected forresidual lung volume. The %fat was estimated from body density and compared with the corresponding referencevalue determined by the dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results:No significant difference was foundfor the mean values of %fat obtained by 3DPS (22.2 ± 7.6%) and DXA (23.5 ± 4.9%). The root mean squareerror of %fat between 3DPS and reference technique was 6.0%. For each body segment, there was a significantpositive correlation between 3DPS- and DXA-values, although the corresponding value for the head was slightlylarger in 3DPS than in DXA. Residual lung volume was negatively correlated with the estimated error in %fat.Conclusions:The body volume determined with 3DPS is potentially useful for estimating %fat. A possiblestrategy for enhancing the measurement accuracy of %fat might be to refine the protocol for preparing thesubject’s hair prior to scanning and to improve the accuracy in the measurement of residual lung volume.

scholarly journals The Biomechanics of Erections: Modeling the Penis as a One-Comparment Pressurized Vessel vs. Modeling it as a Two-Compartments Pressurized Vessel

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mohamed ◽  
A. Erdman ◽  
G. Timm
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Biomechanical Models ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The One

Previous biomechanical models of the penis that have attempted to simulate penile erections have either been limited to two-dimensional geometry, simplified three-dimensional geometry or made inaccurate assumptions altogether. Most models designed the shaft of the penis as a one-compartment pressurized vessel fixed at one end, when in reality it is a two-compartments pressurized vessel, in which the compartments diverge as they enter the body and are fixed at two separate points. This study began by designing simplified two-dimensional and three-dimensional models of the erect penis using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) methods with varying anatomical considerations for analyzing structural stresses, axial buckling and lateral deformation. The study then validated the results by building physical models replicating the computer models. Finally a more complex and anatomically accurate model of the penis was designed and analyzed. There was a significant difference in the peak von-Mises stress distribution between the one-compartment pressurized vessel and the more anatomically correct two-compartments pressurized vessel. Furthermore, the two-compartments diverging pressurized vessel was found to have more structural integrity when subject to external lateral forces than the one-compartment pressurized vessel. This study suggests that Mother Nature has favored an anatomy of two corporal cavernosal bodies separated by a perforated septum as opposed to one corporal body, due to better structural integrity of the tunica albuginea when subject to external forces.

scholarly journals Comparison of Motor Skills and Postures of Elite Male Teenage Volleyball and Basketball Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-239
Author(s):  
Ali Fatahi ◽  
◽  
Behshad Panjehzadeh ◽  
Zahrah Koreli ◽  
Haniyeh Zehtab Asghari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Volleyball Players

Objective: To achieve the excellent levels of athletic performance, professional athletes need to do continuous exercises and strengthen special muscles of the body and have to spend a lot of time training in that sport. As a result, depending on the prevailing condition of each sport, the physical orientation and the degree of abnormalities of the athletes in that sport are affected. Methods: The current study is descriptive and cross-sectional. The statistical population was 12-14 years old boys in middle and high school. The statistical sample of this study included 30 people (13 volleyball players and 17 basketball players) with a targeted training rate of at least three sessions per week. The Chippaux Smirak Index (CSI) method was used to evaluate the arch of the foot and to determine the angles and degrees of kyphosis and lordosis in radiographs. Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used to compare the variables of motor skills and posture by SPSS V. 18 at a significant level of 0.05. Results: The results of independent t-test to compare the variables of motor skills in the two groups of volleyball and basketball show that there is a significant difference between the two groups in the Sargent test and 4mX9m (P=0.000) (P≥0.05). The results were different in strength test (P=0.41) and Sit-up (P=0.75) so that there was no significant difference between the two groups (P≥0.05). The results of Mann-Whitney test to compare posture-related variables showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in any of the parameters of varus, valgus, pronation, supination, lordosis, kyphosis, foot flat (P≥0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that volleyball players have more impressive and explosive power than basketball players, but in terms of muscle strength and endurance, there is not much difference between these two groups, which is probably due to the nature and specific characteristics of their sports. Therefore, it seems necessary to pay more attention to athletes’ training programs to improve their motor skills and physical condition. In this study, the behavior and common habits of the subjects in interaction with the environment and hereditary characteristics have not been studied, so more research is needed in the etiology of musculoskeletal abnormalities.

scholarly journals Features functional coordination force preparedness and girls grades 7—8

2014 ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
О. М. Худолій ◽  
О. В. Іващенко
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Functional Training ◽  
Significant Function ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Proper Power

Purpose — to determine patterns of motion and functional training girls 7—8 grades.Material and methods. To achieve the objectives adopted the following methods: analysis of scientific literature, educational testing and treatment methods of mathematical statistics research results. The study was attended by 31 people grade 7, 14 — 8th grade.Research results. Statistically significant differences between girls 7 and 8 classes observed in tests characterizing coordinating preparedness and proper power (p <0.001). Girls 7 classes have better preparedness of the results of tests 1 «jumping» allowances «times» and 7 «folded hands on Vis, p» (p <0,05: 0,001).Conclusions. Structural factors of the canonical discriminant function show that the most significant function associated with number 8, 4 and 9 variables: mean a significant difference between girls seventh and eighth grades observed in the development of motor skills and functional training: speed strength, motor coordination and functional state of the respiratory and cardiovascular -sosudistoy system.

scholarly journals Effects of Motor-Games-Based Concurrent Training Program on Body Composition Indicators of Chilean Adults with Down Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5737
Author(s):  
Claudio Farías-Valenzuela ◽  
Cristian Cofré-Bolados ◽  
Gerson Ferrari ◽  
Sebastián Espoz-Lazo ◽  
Giovanny Arenas-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Concurrent Training ◽  
Muscle Area

Background: Concurrent training of strength and endurance has been widely ued in the field of health, with favorable effects on body composition. However, the effect on the body composition of a ludic-motor concurrent proposal in adults with Down syndrome has not been quantified yet. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a concurrent training program based on motor games on body composition indicators and cardiometabolic risk on schooled male adults with Down syndrome. Methods: The sample is composed of 15 male adults with Down syndrome from Chile. Body composition variables such as body mass index, waist circumference, height to waist ratio, skin folds, perimeters, and muscle areas were assessed at the beginning and end of the program. Subsequently, a program of motor games was designed and implemented for 10 months. Results: Mean and standard deviation for body fat were pre (25.36 ± 5.60) and post (23.01 ± 6.20)%; waist circumference pre (86.00 ± 8.97) and post (82.07 ± 8.38) cm. Brachial perimeter and muscle area were pre (22.30 ± 2.80) and post (23.61 ± 2.28) cm; pre (40.19 ± 10.09) and post (44.77 ± 8.48) cm2, respectively. Our findings showed significant results (p < 0.05): body fat %; sum of folds; waist circumference; height to waist ratio; brachial perimeter and brachial muscle area. Conclusion: A concurrent training program implemented through motor skills games decreases body fat and cardiovascular risk and increases the muscle mass in male adults with Down syndrome.

scholarly journals Efficiency of the training process in dance sport athletes at the comprehensive stage of training

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
AGNIESZKA ZABROCKA ◽  
TOMASZ DANCEWICZ ◽  
AGNIESZKA SUPINSK
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Fitness Test

Background: The research aimed to determine motor skills that significantly affect the level of technical preparation in dancesport at the early stage of training. The applicable purpose was to determine the selection indicators in dancesport at the stage of initial training. Material/Methods: The study involved 50 dancesport contestants aged 6-9 years. The tests were carried out 3 times, at the beginning, after a year and after two years of training. Motor skills were assessed by means of: the Starosta’s test, a stabilographic platform, the IPTF trial, a trial testing the frequency of moves, a measurement of explosive strength of the lower limbs, ergometric measuring equipment “Concept 2 Dyno”, a test of simple reaction speed and of anticipation in space. Special fitness was determined on the basis of results of special fitness tests and standard anthropometric measurements were made by means of Martin’s method. A factor analysis was made of all the measurements; the correlation matrix was calculated with probability at p ≤ 0.05. Independent variables were confronted with the special fitness test results presented by the studied dancers. The multiple regression method was used, and for analysis the special fitness test result of 3 dance tournaments immediately after the 1st, 2nd and 3rd stage of laboratory tests and the results of these tests were taken. Results: The result of the special fitness test at the 1st stage of research is explained by multiple regression with independent variables in 66%, at the 2nd stage of research in 87%, and at the 3rd stage of research in 81%. The highest level of regression was reported at the 1st stage of research for the variable both legs coordination and at the 3rd stage of research for the variables balance and chené turns. Conclusions: 1. At the early stage of practicing dancesport, the greatest impact on the special fitness is exerted by: motor coordination, balance, flexibility, speed and strength skills, the body height and mass, the pelvis, torso, and chest indicators, and BMI. 2. The tests and indices applied in the research best reflect the specificity of dancesport and they can be recommended in the selection process for this sport discipline.

scholarly journals The Impact of Body-Scaled Information on Grasping Action in Toddlers with and without Down Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-ping Chen ◽  
Allison Mitch ◽  
Kristen Chafin ◽  
Rachel Sargent
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
The Body ◽  
Object Size ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Hand Size ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Hand Length ◽  
The Impact

Background and purpose: Studies of adults and typically developing (TD) children find the number of hands and fingers used to grasp an object is influenced by the relationship between object size and hand size. Children with Down syndrome (DS) between 3 and 11 years have shown no differences in number of hands (1 or 2 hands) used to grasp different sized objects compared to TD children when the object size was body-scaled. The purpose of this study was to examine whether body-scaled information affected the number of hands and fingers used to grasp different sized objects in toddlers with and without DS. Method: Ten toddlers were included, 5 DS ( = 16 mo) and 5 age-matched TD ( = 16.3 mo). Subjects were videotaped grasping 14 boxes, 1.4 cm to 13.5 cm. in size. Number of hands and fingers used for grasping were recorded. Descriptive statistics, t-tests and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to compare the differences between toddlers with DS and TD. Results: Toddlers with DS had significantly smaller hand length than toddlers without DS (p=.004 right hand, p=.007 left hand). As box size increased, both groups switched from one-hand to two-hand grasping. There was a significant difference between groups where this transition occurred (p=.02). However, when the body-scaled ratio between object size and hand size was considered, the differences between groups disappeared (t(8)=1.479; p=.18). Moreover, the number of fingers used to grasp boxes also increased with increasing box size across both groups (ρ=0.94). Conclusion: Toddlers with DS show similar body-scaled grasping pattern as their age-matched peers with TD indicating that the differences in grasping patterns between toddlers with and without DS may be attributed to differences in body size, besides the motor abilities.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MOTOR ACTIVITIES AT PE LESSONS ON MYOPIA PROGRESSION

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
L Kodaneva ◽  
N Ratkina
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
The Body ◽  
Functional Abilities ◽  
Nordic Walking ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Motor Activities

Aim. The article deals with assessing the effect of different types of motor activity performed during physical education classes on myopia development. Materials and methods. 42 female university students aged 18 years participated in the study. All participants are characterized by acquired uncomplicated myopia. Three homogenous groups of fourteen were formed. The first group performed Nordic walking at PE classes, the second group used a fitness game (Just Dance), the third group was exempted from attending practical PE classes. All female students underwent an ophthalmic examination at the beginning and at the end of the study. The level of physical development and functional abilities of the body was established in all participants. The assessment was conducted based on the dynamics of indicators. Results. It was established that Nordic walking and lessons with a fitness game (Just Dance) did not influence significantly myopia development (р > 0.05). In the first group, myopia development was registered at the level of 0.34 diopter/year, and in the second group – 0.31 diopter/year. However, the comparison of the data obtained with those of the third group revealed a statistically significant difference (р < 0.01). Myopia development in the group exempted from attending practical PE classes was 0.75 diopter/year. Positive dynamics in motor coordination was registered in 57.1% of the first group and 64.3% of the second group. The majority of people from these groups demonstrated an increase in the indicators of the muscular strength of the leading arm and chest excursion. Moreover, more significant changes were registered for the group with a fitness game (Just Dance). The indicators of the third group remained at the same level or even worsened. Conclusion. Different types of motor activity at PE classes reduce  myopia development approximately in the same way. A negative dynamics reveled for certain indicators in the third group can be probably determined by the deficit of motor activity due to huge academic load.

Investigating Retention in Passive Haptic Learning of Piano Songs

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Rumen Donchev ◽  
Erik Pescara ◽  
Michael Beigl
Keyword(s):  
Active Learning ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
The Body ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Active Attention ◽  
Haptic Learning

Passive haptic learning (PHL) is a phenomenon where one is able to acquire new motor skills through repeated haptic stimuli applied to the body without paying active attention to learning. In the following work, we investigated the retention of passively learned material compared to actively learned material. For the purposes of answering this question, we invited 20 individuals to learn a 10-note sequence actively and a 10-note sequence passively on a piano. The subjects were then tested 3 days later on their remembered material. There was no significant difference between passive and active learning when the subjects played the note sequences from memory. After being cued (auditory and visually) the participants were able to recall the passively learned note sequence significantly better.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the postoperative stability of a counter-clockwise rotation technique for skeletal class II patients by using a novel three- dimensional position-posture method

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuqing Wan ◽  
Steve Guofang Shen ◽  
Haijun Gui ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Shunyao Shen
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
The Body ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mandibular Body ◽  
Rotation Technique

Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate the postsurgical stability of skeletal class II patients after performing a counter-clockwise rotational (CCWR) procedure for the maxilla-mandibular complex (MMC) by using a novel Three-dimensional (3D) Position-Posture(P-P) measuring method. Twenty-five patients (5 males and 20 females) were included in this study. The postoperative CT scans of the skull were taken before surgery(T0), 3–7 days (T1), 3 months (T2), and 6 months (T3) after surgery. Specific anatomic landmarks were chosen to determine the position of the segments, while three equally perpendicular planes were created to describe their posture. The results show that the linear relapse of maxillary landmarks during the follow-up were acceptable (≤0.5 mm). The relapse of maxillary pitch plane at 6-months follow-up is 1.52°, which is acceptable. There was a significant pitch plane relapse of the mandibular-body segment with an average of 1.86° between T1 and T2 models, 3.28° between T1 and T3 models. There was no significant difference between roll and yaw planes during the follow-up. We therefore conclude that the P-P method could be used to accurately analyze the postsurgical stability of skeletal class II orthognathic surgery cases. For CCWR procedures, it was also shown that the there is a tendency for recurrence most specially on the body of the mandible.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document