scholarly journals Zoogeography of Elasmobranchs in the Colombian Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Felipe Navia ◽  
Paola Andrea Mejía-Falla ◽  
José Sergio Hleap
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Isthmus Of Panama ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Colonization Event ◽  
Elasmobranch Species ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT In order to investigate zoogeographical patterns of the marine elasmobranch species of Colombia, species richness of the Pacific and Caribbean and their subareas (Coastal Pacific, Oceanic Pacific, Coastal Caribbean, Oceanic Caribbean) was analyzed. The areas shared 10 families, 10 genera and 16 species of sharks, and eight families, three genera and four species of batoids. Carcharhinidae had the highest contribution to shark richness, whereas Rajidae and Urotrygonidae had the greatest contribution to batoid richness in the Caribbean and Pacific, respectively. Most elasmobranchs were associated with benthic and coastal habitats. The similarity analysis allowed the identification of five groups of families, which characterize the elasmobranch richness in both areas. Beta diversity indicated that most species turnover occurred between the Coastal Pacific and the two Caribbean subareas. The difference in species richness and composition between areas may be due to vicariant events such as the emergence of the Isthmus of Panama. It is unlikely that the Colombian elasmobranch diversity originated from a single colonization event. Local diversification/speciation, dispersal from the non-tropical regions of the Americas, a Pacific dispersion and an Atlantic dispersion are origin possibilities without any of them excluding the others.

Speocarcinus berglundi n. sp. (Decapoda: Brachyura), a new crab from the Imperial Formation (late Miocene-late Pliocene) of southern California

1994 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 800-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette B. Tucker ◽  
Rodney M. Feldmann ◽  
Charles L. Powell
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Late Pliocene ◽  
Riverside County ◽  
Isthmus Of Panama ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
A New Species

Speocarcinus berglundi n. sp. is described from the Imperial Formation in Riverside County, California. Although the Imperial Formation spans late Miocene through late Pliocene time, the part of the unit that bears crabs has been radiometrically dated as late Miocene. The identification of a new species was based upon comparison with four extant species and represents the first documented fossil occurrence for the genus. The occurrence of this new species suggests that the genus may have originated in the Pacific and, during the Miocene, dispersed through the Isthmus of Panama to the Caribbean. Two of the specimens exhibit parasitism by Bopyridae (Isopoda).

The Intra-Americas Springtime Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly Dipole as Fingerprint of Remote Influences

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Muñoz ◽  
Chunzai Wang ◽  
David Enfield
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Enso Event ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Teleconnection Patterns ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Sst Anomaly ◽  
The Caribbean

Abstract The influence of teleconnections on the Intra-Americas Sea (IAS; Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea) has been mostly analyzed from the perspective of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the Caribbean Sea (the latter being an extension of the tropical North Atlantic). This emphasis has overlooked both 1) the influence of other teleconnections on the IAS and 2) which teleconnections affect the Gulf of Mexico climate variability. In this study the different fingerprints that major teleconnection patterns have on the IAS during boreal spring are analyzed. Indices of teleconnection patterns are regressed and correlated to observations of oceanic temperature and atmospheric data from reanalyses and observational datasets. It is found that the Pacific teleconnection patterns that influence the IAS SSTs do so by affecting the Gulf of Mexico in an opposite manner to the Caribbean Sea. These analyzed Pacific climate patterns are the Pacific–North American (PNA) teleconnection, the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), and ENSO. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is related to a lesser degree with the north–south SST anomaly dipole than are Pacific teleconnection patterns. It is also found that the IAS influence from the midlatitude Pacific mostly affects the Gulf of Mexico, whereas the influence from the tropical Pacific mostly affects the Caribbean Sea. Therefore, the combination of a warm ENSO event and a positive PNA event induces a strong IAS SST anomaly dipole between the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea during spring. By calculating an index that represents the IAS SST anomaly dipole, it is found that the dipole forms mostly in response to changes in the air–sea heat fluxes. In the Gulf of Mexico the dominant mechanisms are the air–sea differences in humidity and temperature. The changes in shortwave radiation also contribute to the dipole of net air–sea heat flux. The changes in shortwave radiation arise, in part, by the cloudiness triggered by the air–sea differences in humidity, and also by the changes in the convection cell that connects the Amazon basin to the IAS. Weaker Amazon convection (e.g., in the event of a warm ENSO event) reduces the subsidence over the IAS, and henceforth the IAS cloudiness increases (and the shortwave radiation decreases). This study contributes to a greater understanding of how the IAS is influenced by different Pacific and Atlantic teleconnections.

Terrestrial isopods from Costa Rica and a redescription of Ischioscia variegata (Dollfus, 1893) (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea)

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 1415-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Leistikow
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
Small Collection ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Philoscia Muscorum

Examination of a small collection of Oniscidea from Costa Rica revealed the presence of two species new to science (Ischioscia martinae sp.nov. and Scleropactes talamancensis sp.nov.). Further specimens from the collection of the United States National Museum were reexamined to reconsider the status of Philoscia muscorum (Scopoli, 1793) and Ischioscia variegata (Dollfus, 1893), both of which have been reported from Costa Rica. The specimens belong to two new species (Ischioscia muelleri sp.nov. and Ischioscia elongata sp.nov.). Redescriptions of Ligia baudiniana Milne Edwards, 1840 from the shores of both the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean and the type material of Ischioscia variegata (Dollfus, 1893) from Venezuela are also presented.

scholarly journals Mangrove Forests Evolution and Threats in the Caribbean Sea of Colombia

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Andrés Villate Daza ◽  
Hernando Sánchez Moreno ◽  
Luana Portz ◽  
Rogério Portantiolo Manzolli ◽  
Hernando José Bolívar-Anillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Impacts ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Illegal Logging ◽  
Hydrological Conditions ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Multispectral Satellite Images ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Caribbean

Colombia has approximately 379,954 hectares of mangrove forests distributed along the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea coasts. Such forests are experiencing the highest annual rate of loss recorded in South America and, in the last three decades, approximately 40,000 hectares have been greatly affected by natural and, especially, human impacts. This study determined, by the use of Landsat multispectral satellite images, the evolution of three mangrove forests located in the Colombian Caribbean Sea: Malloquín, Totumo, and La Virgen swamps. Mangrove forest at Mallorquín Swamp recorded a loss of 15 ha in the period of 1985–2018, associated with alterations in forest hydrology, illegal logging, urban growth, and coastal erosion. Totumo Swamp lost 301 ha in the period 1985–2018 associated with changes in hydrological conditions, illegal logging, and increased agricultural and livestock uses. La Virgen Swamp presented a loss of 31 ha in the period of 2013–2018 that was linked to the construction of a roadway, alterations of hydrological conditions, illegal logging, and soil urbanization, mainly for tourist purposes. Although Colombian legislation has made efforts to protect mangrove ecosystems, human activities are the main cause of mangrove degradation, and thus it is mandatory for the local population to understand the value of the ecosystem services provided by mangroves.

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