scholarly journals Social isolation and its impact on child and adolescent development: a systematic review

2022 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Lina de Laia Almeida ◽  
Jaqueline Ferraz Rego ◽  
Amanda Carvalho Girardi Teixeira ◽  
Marília Rodrigues Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Adolescent Development ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Data Source

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to analyze the effects of social isolation on children's and teenagers’ development, with emphasis on the possible impacts over their physical and mental health. Data source: Review of the literature following the standards of PRISMA using the SciELO, LILACS and PubMed databases. The following key-words were used: “social isolation” and “child development”, “quarantine” and “adolescent development” according to the Medical Subject Headings (MESH) and their translation to the Portuguese. Studies in English, Portuguese and Spanish from inception were included. Data synthesis: 519 studies were screened and 12 were included in the systematic review. Five of those focused the psychology and social issues, two of them the effects of pandemics on these issues; four studies reported on impacts on general health and two consequences over the hypothalamus- hypophysis - adrenal axis and the cognitive and social development. Conclusions: The review shows a strong association between social isolation and anxiety and depression in children and adolescents. Social isolation leads to higher levels of cortisol and worse cognitive development. Therefore, the mental and physical health of children and adolescents need a careful follow up by health professionals during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Rapid Systematic Review: The Impact of Social Isolation and Loneliness on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents in the Context of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 1218-1239.e3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elizabeth Loades ◽  
Eleanor Chatburn ◽  
Nina Higson-Sweeney ◽  
Shirley Reynolds ◽  
Roz Shafran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The effectiveness of interventions for reducing subjective and objective social isolation among people with mental health problems: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 839-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruimin Ma ◽  
Farhana Mann ◽  
Jingyi Wang ◽  
Brynmor Lloyd-Evans ◽  
James Terhune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Physical And Mental Health

Abstract Purpose Subjective and objective social isolation are important factors contributing to both physical and mental health problems, including premature mortality and depression. This systematic review evaluated the current evidence for the effectiveness of interventions to improve subjective and/or objective social isolation for people with mental health problems. Primary outcomes of interest included loneliness, perceived social support, and objective social isolation. Methods Three databases were searched for relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Studies were included if they evaluated interventions for people with mental health problems and had objective and/or subjective social isolation (including loneliness) as their primary outcome, or as one of a number of outcomes with none identified as primary. Results In total, 30 RCTs met the review’s inclusion criteria: 15 included subjective social isolation as an outcome and 11 included objective social isolation. The remaining four evaluated both outcomes. There was considerable variability between trials in types of intervention and participants’ characteristics. Significant results were reported in a minority of trials, but methodological limitations, such as small sample size, restricted conclusions from many studies. Conclusion The evidence is not yet strong enough to make specific recommendations for practice. Preliminary evidence suggests that promising interventions may include cognitive modification for subjective social isolation, and interventions with mixed strategies and supported socialisation for objective social isolation. We highlight the need for more thorough, theory-driven intervention development and for well-designed and adequately powered RCTs.

scholarly journals Interventions against Social Isolation of Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Existing Literature and Interventions

Geriatrics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Jaya Manjunath ◽  
Nandita Manoj ◽  
Tania Alchalabi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
Health Studies

Social isolation is widespread among older adults, especially those confined to living in nursing homes and long-term care facilities. We completed a systematic review evaluating the effectiveness of 20 interventions used to combat social isolation in older adults. A scoring mechanism based on the Joanna Briggs Appraisal Checklist was utilized to determine the quality of the studies. Searches were conducted in “MedLine”, “PubMed”, “PsycINFO” and “Aging and Mental Health”. Studies completed on group and person-centered interventions against social isolation were the highest quality as the social isolation experienced by older adults decreased after the intervention, and this effect continued in follow-up studies. Other interventions such as volunteering-based interventions also alleviated isolation; however, follow-up studies were not completed to determine long-term efficacy. Given the increase in social isolation faced by older persons during the pandemic, our review can be utilized to create effective interventions to reduce social isolation.

scholarly journals Digital technology interventions to reduce loneliness in adults: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S G Sarwar Shah ◽  
David Nogueras ◽  
Hugo van Woerden ◽  
Vasiliki Kiparoglou
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Social Emotional

Abstract Background Loneliness is an emerging public health issue and its burden is increasing in developed countries. Loneliness is associated with social, emotional, physical and mental health issues. Tackling loneliness is important to reduce its adverse impacts on individuals with loneliness and their families. Various digital technology-based interventions are used to tackle loneliness. Assessing the effectiveness of these interventions is important from the health, social care and public health perspectives. Aim To undertake a systematic review of published primary research on digital technology interventions to reduce loneliness in adults. Methods Databases searched: PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria: empirical research articles involving the application of digital technology interventions for tackling loneliness; participants aged ≥18 years and publication in the English Language from 1 January 2010 to 14 January 2019. Two researchers systematically screened articles and data were extracted from shortlisted articles applying a population, intervention(s), comparator(s) and outcome(s) (PICO) framework. Results We selected 14 studies mostly from developed countries such as the US (n = 5) and Sweden (n = 3). We found a wide variation in the sample sizes (range 5-591 participants), participants’ age (range 32-90, average 66.4-82.5 years) and the follow-up measurement period (6 weeks-12 months) in the selected studies. Digital technology interventions tested were Internet-based social activities and networking through video or phone calls (using Skype (n = 6) and Facebook (n = 2)), communicating via emails (n = 2). Most of the studies used the UCLA loneliness scale (n = 9) and reported reductions in loneliness in follow-up measurements compared to baseline measurements. Conclusions Digital interventions are associated with reduced loneliness in adults; however, further studies such as clinical trials involving larger sample sizes are needed. Key messages Loneliness is associated with social, emotional, physical and mental health problems and the burden of loneliness is increasing, especially in developed countries. Digital technology interventions help in reducing loneliness in adults but further research including clinical trials involving large sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are required.

scholarly journals Increased risk of mortality associated with social isolation in older men: only when feeling lonely? Results from the Amsterdam Study of the Elderly (AMSTEL)

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Holwerda ◽  
A. T. F. Beekman ◽  
D. J. H. Deeg ◽  
M. L. Stek ◽  
T. G. van Tilburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundLoneliness has a significant influence on both physical and mental health. Few studies have investigated the possible associations of loneliness with mortality risk, impact on men and women and whether this impact concerns the situation of being alone (social isolation), experiencing loneliness (feeling lonely) or both. The current study investigated whether social isolation and feelings of loneliness in older men and women were associated with increased mortality risk, controlling for depression and other potentially confounding factors.MethodIn our prospective cohort study of 4004 older persons aged 65–84 years with a 10-year follow-up of mortality data a Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to test whether social isolation factors and feelings of loneliness predicted an increased risk of mortality, controlling for psychiatric disorders and medical conditions, cognitive functioning, functional status and sociodemographic factors.ResultsAt 10 years follow-up, significantly more men than women with feelings of loneliness at baseline had died. After adjustment for explanatory variables including social isolation, the mortality hazard ratio for feelings of loneliness was 1.30 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.63] in men and 1.04 (95% CI 0.90–1.24) in women. No higher risk of mortality was found for social isolation.ConclusionsFeelings of loneliness rather than social isolation factors were found to be a major risk factor for increasing mortality in older men. Developing a better understanding of the nature of this association may help us to improve quality of life and longevity, especially in older men.

scholarly journals Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: a systematic review of follow-up studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Davis ◽  
Maria Augusta Mansur de Souza ◽  
Roberta Rigatti ◽  
Elizeth Heldt
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Term Response

Objective To conduct a systematic review about the long-term response to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders (ADs) in children and adolescents. Methods The PubMed and ISI Web of Science databases were consulted. Search in the databases was performed in November 2012 and included cohort studies after CBT for ADs in children and adolescents with a follow-up period over 12 months. Results A total of 10 papers met the inclusion criteria. The follow-up period ranged from 12 months to 13 years and the results generally showed maintenance of the short-term benefits with CBT. However, the studies presented limitations, especially regarding methods, such as lack of a control group and losses to follow-up. Conclusion The long-term benefits of CBT were identified, however it would be interesting to conduct other studies with more frequent assessment periods, in order to minimize losses to follow-up, in addition to evaluating children and adolescents in the various stages of their development.

ZOE Paste Pulpectomies Outcome in Primary Teeth: A Systematic Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Barcelos ◽  
MPA Santos ◽  
LG Primo ◽  
RR Luiz ◽  
LC Maia
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
Radiographic Outcomes

Objective: To perform a systematic review in which the clinical research question for primary teeth with irreversible pulpal pathosis was "how pulpectomies with zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) paste performed compared to other materials in their clinical and radiographic outcomes after twelve months or more follow-up period.Study design: A literature survey of the electronic database (1950-2010) used the Medical Subject Headings and free text terms. Forty three references were retrieved and inclusion criteria were applied; 15 articles remained for full-text evaluation. From these, two were selected for data extraction regarding quality characteristics and results. Results: Selected studies showed moderate or high risk of bias. The overall success of pulpectomy was 80.0% (Calcicur), 60.0% (Sealapex) and varied from 85.0% to 100.0% (ZOE) and 89.0% to 100.0% (Vitapex). Solely Calcicur presented success rate significantly lower when compared to ZOE and Vitapex. These pastes lead to overfilled canals and particles of extruded ZOE were still evident even after the evaluation period. Resorption of Vitapex, Calcicur and Sealapex within the root canal was also reported. Conclusions: In primary teeth with irreversible pulpal changes ZOE pulpectomies yielded similar outcome than Vitapex and Sealapex, although there was no agreement with regard to filling materials' resorption.

scholarly journals GUT MICROBIOTA AND THE USE OF PROBIOTICS IN CONSTIPATION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Oliveira Vale San Gomes ◽  
Mauro Batista de Morais
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Data Source

ABSTRACT Objective: To perform a systematic review of literature data on gut microbiota and the efficacy of probiotics for the treatment of constipation in children and adolescents. Data source: The research was performed in the PubMed, the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) databases in English, Portuguese and Spanish. All original articles that mentioned the evaluation of the gut microbiota or the use of probiotics in children with constipation in their title and abstract were selected. Data synthesis: 559 articles were found, 47 of which were selected for reading. From these, 12 articles were included; they studied children and adolescents divided into two categories: a gut microbiota evaluation (n=4) and an evaluation of the use of probiotics in constipation therapy (n=8). The four papers that analyzed fecal microbiota used different laboratory methodologies. No typical pattern of gut microbiota was found. Regarding treatment, eight clinical trials with heterogeneous methodologies were found. Fifteen strains of probiotics were evaluated and only one was analyzed in more than one article. Irregular beneficial effects of probiotics have been demonstrated in some manifestations of constipation (bowel frequency or consistency of stool or abdominal pain or pain during a bowel movement or flatulence). In one clinical trial, a complete control of constipation without the use of laxatives was obtained. Conclusions: There is no specific pattern of fecal microbiota abnormalities in constipation. Despite the probiotics’ positive effects on certain characteristics of the intestinal habitat, there is still no evidence to recommend it in the treatment of constipation in pediatrics.

scholarly journals Parent-directed intervention versus controls whilst their child waits for diagnostic assessment: a systematic review protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bernie ◽  
M. Mitchell ◽  
K. Williams ◽  
T. May
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Diagnostic Assessment ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Health Literature

Abstract Background Waiting lists are an ongoing issue for publicly funded community and hospital-based health services. Parents and caregivers are instrumental supports in the health and well-being of young and school-aged children, yet little is known about the way they can be supported during waiting periods. Given mounting evidence about the value of early intervention in physical and mental health literature, and waits for some public health services extending past 12 months, it is both timely and warranted to explore interim interventions that may be applied in this period. Methods Intervention studies that have applied an educational programme, information, group-based support or individualised therapy to primary caregivers of children (heron referred to as parent-directed interventions), waiting for diagnostic assessment at any inpatient or outpatient health service and aged between 1 and 12 years of age, will be reviewed. These will include intervention studies of any type that have included more than 5 participants or participant groups and where a control or comparison group has been included. Abstract screening, full-text review, data extraction and risk of bias will be conducted by two reviewers. Relevant databases in health and education will be systematically searched using key words and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and grey literature will be explored. Databases will include PubMed, Ovid for MEDLINE and PsycINFO, EBSCO for the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and the Education Resources Information Center (ERIC). Covidence© will be used to support abstract and full text screening, which will be completed by two main reviewers. Results will be tabulated, summarised and meta-analysed using a random-effects model, in any instance where concordant outcome measures have been applied. Results will be published and reported in line with PRISMA reporting guidelines. Discussion Given little is known about effective support for families when children are awaiting diagnostic assessment for any medical, developmental or behavioural condition, the authors will synthesise existing evidence about parent-directed interventions in this period. It is hoped that by understanding the existing evidence interventions that are proven to be effective will be adopted and intervention innovation can occur. Systematic review registration PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020159360

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