scholarly journals Optimal pressure management in water distribution networks through district metered area creation based on machine learning

RBRH ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Novarini ◽  
Bruno Melo Brentan ◽  
Gustavo Meirelles ◽  
Edevar Luvizotto Junior
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Self Organizing Map ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Pipe Length ◽  
Demand Node

ABSTRACT Integrated management of water supply systems with efficient use of natural resources requires optimization of operational performances. Dividing the water supply networks into small units, so-called district metered areas (DMAs), is a strategy that allows the development of specific operational rules, responsible for improving the network performance. In this context, clustering methods congregate neighboring nodes in groups according to similar features, such as elevation or distance to the water source. Taking into account hydraulic, operational and mathematical criteria to determine the configuration of DMAs, this work presents the k-means model and a hybrid model, that combines a self-organizing map (SOM) with the k-means algorithm, as clustering methods, comparing four mathematical criteria to determine the number of DMAs, namely Silhouette, GAP, Calinski-Harabasz and Davies Bouldin. The influence of three clustering topological criteria is evaluated: the water demand, node elevation and pipe length, in order to determine the optimal number of clusters. Furthermore, to identify the best DMA configuration, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method was applied to determine the number, cost, pressure setting of Pressure Reducing Valves and location of DMA entrances.

scholarly journals Trihalomethanes in Water Supply System and Water Distribution Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9066
Author(s):  
Sornsiri Sriboonnak ◽  
Phacharapol Induvesa ◽  
Suraphong Wattanachira ◽  
Pharkphum Rakruam ◽  
Adisak Siyasukh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Guideline Values

The formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) in natural and treated water from water supply systems is an urgent research area due to the carcinogenic risk they pose. Seasonal effects and pH have captured interest as potential factors affecting THM formation in the water supply and distribution systems. We investigated THM occurrence in the water supply chain, including raw and treated water from water treatment plants (coagulation, sedimentation, sand filtration, ClO2-disinfection processes, and distribution pipelines) in the Chiang Mai municipality, particularly the educational institute area. The effects of two seasons, rainy (September–November 2019) and dry (December 2019–February 2020), acted as surrogates for the water quality profile and THM occurrence. The results showed that humic acid was the main aromatic and organic compound in all the water samples. In the raw water sample, we found a correlation between surrogate organic compounds, including SUVA and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (R2 = 0.9878). Four species of THMs were detected, including chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform. Chloroform was the dominant species among the THMs. The highest concentration of total THMs was 189.52 μg/L. The concentration of THMs tended to increase after chlorination when chlorine dioxide and organic compounds reacted in water. The effect of pH on the formation of TTHMs was also indicated during the study. TTHM concentrations trended lower with a pH ≤ 7 than with a pH ≥ 8 during the sampling periods. Finally, in terms of health concerns, the concentration of TTHMs was considered safe for consumption because it was below the standard (<1.0) of WHO’s Guideline Values (GVs).

Determination of Neutral Point in Water Distribution Network Pipes with Variable Discharge on Route

2014 ◽  
Vol 909 ◽  
pp. 428-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioan Sarbu ◽  
Gabriel Ostafe
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Neutral Point ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Proposed Model

Distribution networks are an essential part of all water supply systems. Distribution system costs within any water supply scheme may be equal to or greater than 60% of the entire cost of the project. The reliability of supply is much greater in the case of looped networks. The pipe networks have concentrated outflows or uniform outflow along the length of each pipe. In some pipes with variable discharge of a looped distribution network, water velocity could be reversed between its extremities. Thus, it is a water stall point denominated neutral point in which the discharge is null. In this paper a mathematical model for the determination of water stall point location in the pipes with distributed consumption is developed. This model has been implemented in a computer program for PC microsystems. Numerical example will be presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed model.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Ladislav Tuhovčák ◽  
Miloslav Tauš ◽  
Tomáš Sucháček
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Water Mains ◽  
Supply Systems

The knowledge of the current technical condition of the operated system is in the interest of the owner or operator of public water supply systems. Such information is the starting point when making decisions on investment projects or planning water mains renewal. The submitted paper introduces the methodology of preliminary assessment of the technical condition of water supply systems and outputs of the software application TEA Water, which makes it possible to assess the technical condition of the specific elements of the water supply systems and clear displaying with the presentation of the assessment results for the entire considered water supply system.

Integrated approach to reducing drinking water losses in the distribution networks in the city of Sebastopol

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
А.В. Степакин ◽  
А.Н. Перегуда ◽  
С.Г. Зайцева ◽  
Д.А. Горбачев ◽  
М.Н. Сопыряев
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Acoustic Monitoring ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
The City

Природный дефицит водных ресурсов в сочетании с высокой степенью износа систем водоснабжения обусловливает напряженную ситуацию с обеспечением питьевой водой в Крыму. За последние несколько лет для решения проблемы на региональном и федеральном уровне были разработаны и реализуются программы модернизации водного хозяйства полуострова. Одной из ключевых задач этих программ является снижение потерь воды, которые в настоящее время достигают 40–60%. Описан комплекс мероприятий, направленных на снижение потерь воды в г. Севастополе. Комплекс мер, разработанный в соответствии с международным опытом и российскими рекомендациями, учитывает существующее состояние системы водоснабжения Крыма. Мероприятия включают в себя создание современного комплекса управления сетями, зонирование водопроводной сети, регулирование давления, мониторинг и устранение утечек. По результатам анализа производственных показателей определено, что первоочередным мероприятием для Севастополя является внедрение современной системы акустического мониторинга на распределительных сетях, которая позволит эффективно обнаруживать скрытые утечки и сэкономить городу тысячи кубометров дефицитной питьевой воды. Описаны результаты пилотного проекта по обследованию 5 км водопроводных сетей системой акустического мониторинга. The natural scarcity of water resources coupled with a high degree of deterioration of water supply systems result in a tense situation with the drinking water supply in Crimea. Over the past few years, a number of programs of upgrading the peninsula's water industry have been developed and are being implemented in order to solve the problem at the regional and federal levels. One of the key objectives of these programs is to reduce water losses that currently reach 40–60%. A set of measures aimed at reducing water losses in Sebastopol is described. The set of measures developed in accordance with the international experience and Russian recommendations takes into account the current condition of the Crimean water supply system. The activities include designing an advanced network management complex, zoning of the water supply network, pressure regulation, monitoring and elimination of leaks. Based on the results of the analysis of the performance indicators, it was determined that the priority measure for Sebastopol was the introduction of an advanced acoustic monitoring system in the water distribution networks that would provide for detecting effectively latent leaks and saving the city thousands of cubic meters of scarce drinking water. The results of a pilot project on the inspection of 5 km of the water supply networks using the acoustic monitoring system are described.

scholarly journals GIS use of Land Use/Land Cover layers and historical data for water losses indices

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 07009
Author(s):  
Alexandru Aldea ◽  
Mihaela Aldea ◽  
Sorin Perju
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Decision Factors ◽  
Supply Systems

The population growth and/or its use and development of the land is a continuous preoccupation of the decision factors regarding the water supply system in general and the development of the potable water distribution networks in particular. This issue is even more critical especially in the areas of big cities and important urban growing. As the urbanization of land outgrows the existing water supply systems, one of the possible solutions is to expand the water distribution network in order to cover this urban growth. The present paper analyses further the possibilities to define and use certain indices of urban development together with water loss indices in order to determine trends or issues related with the provision of water supply services and connectivity.

scholarly journals Multi-objective optimization for improving equity and reliability in intermittent water supply systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1592-1603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Passwell Pepukai Nyahora ◽  
Mukand Singh Babel ◽  
David Ferras ◽  
Andres Emen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Intermittent Water Supply

Abstract Intermittent water systems suffer from several drawbacks such as unfair distribution among users, low reliability and poor water quality. Given limited water and financial resources, making decisions for improving intermittent water supply (IWS) becomes a complex process. The paths to continuous supply are a priori undefined, however, the provision of efficient service is crucial. In the scientific literature, limited research addresses how to improve intermittent systems, to enhance the current service while transitioning to continuous supply. A multi-objective optimization (MOO) tool using a genetic algorithm has been developed to assist in investment decision-making. This approach uses multiple cost-effective intervention options to maximize equity and reliability while minimizing cost implications in an IWS system. The costs in such interventions include expenditure on pipe replacement, booster pump and elevated tank installation. The approach was first tested on a benchmark Hanoi synthetic network, and then applied to the water distribution network of Milagro (Ecuador). The developed tool reveals the extent to which equity and reliability can be driving objectives, and how they can be factored into decision-making. The application of the MOO tool in intermittent systems in order to improve existing distribution networks with strategic infrastructure addition can provide greater equity and reliability.

Computer-aided rehabilitation of water networks (CARE-W)

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sægrov ◽  
W. Schilling ◽  
J. Røstum ◽  
L. Tuhovcak ◽  
P. Eisenbeis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Control Panel ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Structural Failures ◽  
Cost Efficient

The project CARE-W presented in this paper deals with the public water supply networks and their problems of ageing such as structural failures, hydraulic insufficiencies, leakage, deteriorating water quality and increasing maintenance cost that impact on an urban environment. The ultimate goal of the project is to develop a suite of tools, which provide the most cost-efficient system of maintenance and repair of water distribution networks, with the aim to guarantee a security of water supply that meets social, health, economic and environmental requirements. The paper comprises a description of the project work-packages, which include: a control panel of Performance Indicators (PIs) for rehabilitation;a description of technical and statistical tools assessing and forecasting some of the PI;a procedure to define the best choice for annual rehabilitation programming;a procedure to define the best strategy of planning rehabilitation investments (at long term, 10 to 20 years);a software, combining the above products with a common database, tested and evaluated by several test cities. CARE-W is aimed at utilities for water supply systems, operating companies, local authorities, financial institutions and national regulators. It is supported by the European Commission under the fifth framework programme.

Analisis Hidrolis dan Jejak Karbon Jaringan Distribusi Air Bersih di Pulau Kecil Padat Penduduk (Pulau Lengkang Kecil, Kota Batam)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rizki Apritama ◽  
I Wayan Koko Suryawan ◽  
Yosef Adicita
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Island Community ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Centralized Wastewater Treatment

ABSTRACTThe clean water supply system network on Lengkang Kecil Island was developed in 2019. A small portion of the community's freshwater comes from harvesting rainwater and dug wells, which are only obtained during the rainy season. The primary source of clean water used by the community comes from underwater pipelines with a daily discharge of 0.86 l/sec. The water supply of the Lengkang Kecil Island community is 74.3 m3/day, with 146 House Connections (HCs) and to serve public facilities such as elementary schools, primary health centers, and mosques. Hydraulic evaluation of clean water distribution using EPANET 2.0 software on flow velocity shows the lowest rate of 0.29 m/s and the highest of 1.21 m/s. The lowest pressure value in the distribution system is 6.94-6.96 m and headloss units in the range 0.08-0.25 m/km. These three criteria are still within the distribution network design criteria (feasible). A carbon footprint can be calculated from each activity from the analysis of the evaluation of clean water distribution networks. The most massive emissions came from pumping activities with 131 kg CO2-eq, followed by emissions from wastewater 62.5 kgCO2-eq. Further research is needed to determine the quality of wastewater and the design for a centralized wastewater treatment plant (IPALT) to improve Lengkang Kecil Island residents' living standards.Keywords: Lengkang Kecil Island, water, EPANET, carbon footprintABSTRAKJaringan sistem penyediaan air bersih pada Pulau Lengkang Kecil dimulai pada tahun 2019. Sebagian kecil air bersih yang digunakan masyarakat berasal dari pemanenan air hujan dan sumur gali yang hanya didapat pada musim hujan. Sumber air bersih utama yang digunakan masyarakat berasal dari pengaliran perpipaan bawah laut dengan debit harian 0,86 l/detik. Kebutuhan air masyarakat Pulau Lengkang Kecil adalah 74,3 m3/hari dengan 146 Sambungan Rumah (SR) serta untuk melayani fasilitas umum seperti sekolah dasar (SD), puskesmas, dan masjid. Evaluasi hidrolis distribusi air bersih dengan menggunakan software EPANET 2.0 terhadap kriteria kecepatan aliran menunjukkan nilai terendah 0,29 m/s dan tertinggi 1,21 m/s. Nilai sisa tekan dalam sistem distribusi adalah 6,94–6,96 m dan unit headloss pada kisaran 0,08–0,25 m/km. Ketiga kriteria ini masih berada dalam kriteria desain jaringan distribusi (layak). Dari analisis evaluasi jaringan distribusi air bersih, dapat dihitung jejak karbon yang dihasilkan dari setiap kegiatannya. Emisi terbesar berasal dari kegiatan pemompaan dengan nilai 131 kgCO2-eq, diikuti dengan emisi yang berasal dari air limbah dengan nilai 62,5 kgCO2-eq. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan untuk mengetahui kualitas dari air limbah dan desain untuk instalasi pengolahan air limbah terpusat (IPALT) untuk meningkatkan taraf hidup penduduk Pulau Lengkang Kecil.Kata kunci: Pulau Lengkang Kecil, air, EPANET, jejak karbon

A study on appropriate investment of pipeline rehabilitation for water distribution network

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
A. Asakura ◽  
A. Koizumi ◽  
O. Odanagi ◽  
H. Watanabe ◽  
T. Inakazu
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Basis ◽  
Model Case

In Japan most of the water distribution networks were constructed during the 1960s to 1970s. Since these pipelines were used for a long period, pipeline rehabilitation is necessary to maintain water supply. Although investment for pipeline rehabilitation has to be planned in terms of cost-effectiveness, no standard method has been established because pipelines were replaced on emergency and ad hoc basis in the past. In this paper, a method to determine the maintenance of the water supply on an optimal basis with a fixed budget for a water distribution network is proposed. Firstly, a method to quantify the benefits of pipeline rehabilitation is examined. Secondly, two models using Integer Programming and Monte Carlo simulation to maximize the benefits of pipeline rehabilitation with limited budget were considered, and they are applied to a model case and a case study. Based on these studies, it is concluded that the Monte Carlo simulation model to calculate the appropriate investment for the pipeline rehabilitation planning is both convenient and practical.

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