scholarly journals Patterns of geographic distribution and conservation of the open-habitat avifauna of southeastern Brazilian mountaintops (campos rupestres and campos de altitude)

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Ferreira de Vasconcelos ◽  
Marcos Rodrigues

Montane open-habitats of southeastern Brazil are represented by the campos rupestres (principally in the Espinhaço Range) and by the campos de altitude (in the Serra do Mar and Serra da Mantiqueira). In spite of the occurrence of endemic species in both vegetation types, an analysis and synthesis of their bird communities have never been conducted. In this paper, we present an avifaunal survey of these areas, describe patterns of geographic distribution, and comment on the conservation of those open-habitats and their avifauna. A total of 231 bird species was recorded in the open-habitats of southeastern Brazilian mountaintops. In the campos rupestres, 205 species were recorded, while in the campos de altitude, the total was 123 species. Five patterns of distribution are recognizable among birds occurring in these habitats: non-endemic (191 species), Atlantic Forest endemics (26 species), Cerrado endemics (6 species), Caatinga endemic (1 species), and montane open-habitat endemics (7 species). In spite of the presence of several protected areas in those regions, the existing reserves do not guarantee the conservation of their important vegetation types and their avifaunas under current low levels of implementation. Since several endemic and threatened bird species live in the campos rupestres and campos de altitude, more efforts must be directed for their conservation.

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
LC Rodrigues ◽  
M Rodrigues

The hummingbird-visited plant community located on the open-habitat mountaintop of the Espinhaço Range was studied for two years (from August 2007 to July 2009) in Serra do Cipó National Park, Southeastern Brazil (19° 15′ S and 43° 31′ W). The floral characteristics and flowering period of the hummingbird-visited plants was monthly recorded along trails located in three vegetation types: (1) typical campos rupestres (TCR), (2) open fields (OPF), and (3) capões de mata(CAM). Hummingbird visitation was observed in 51 plant species, 22 ornithophilous and 29 non-ornithophilous species. The TCR showed the greatest number of species visited (N = 38), followed by the OPF (N = 18) and CAM (N = 17). Six species of hummingbirds were recorded visiting flowers: Augastes scutatus, Campylopterus largipennis, Colibri serrirostris, Chlorostilbon lucidus, Eupetomena macroura and Phaethornis pretrei. This study demonstrates that the species richness and the number of ornithophilous species visited by the hummingbirds at the study site are more similar to hummingbird-plant communities of the Atlantic Forest than to those of the Cerrado communities and other Brazilian highland open-habitat communities. The plant families most visited by hummingbirds were Bromeliaceae and Asteraceae. Although the Asteraceae family is rarely used as a food resource for hummingbirds in other high and lowland communities, in the study site this family is used mainly by the endemic hummingbird Augastes scutatus. We found a large overlap of flowering throughout the year among the species visited by the hummingbirds. Thus, the nectar availability supports these resident hummingbirds. The present study also showed that the studied hummingbird-plant community is composed of many species endemic to the campos rupestres of the Espinhaço Range, some of which are considered to be in danger of extinction, thus constituting a unique and threatened community. Thus, understanding hummingbird-plant pollination dynamics becomes fundamental to the conservation of the campos rupestres.


Check List ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 2109
Author(s):  
Bárbara Mourão ◽  
Marcelo Trovó ◽  
Mariana E. Mansanares

Paepalanthus mollis var. mollis is placed in Paepalanthus subg. Xeractis (Eriocaulaceae) and, until now, it was considered endemic to the campos rupestres of the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais, Brazil. We report here the new occurrences of this species from the municipalities of Carrancas and Minduri, at the southern part of the mountain complex of Bocaina and Carrancas. These specimens confirm the occurrence of this species and the subgenus outside the Espinhaço Range. These occurrences are also the southernmost sites of geographic distribution of the group.


Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 243 (2) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Loeuille ◽  
José Rubens Pirani

Eremanthus praetermissus and E. ovatifolius, two new species from Brazil, are here described and illustrated. Eremanthus praetermissus is endemic to Serra do Mar, in the northeastern part of São Paulo state and the southern part of Rio de Janeiro state; it is characterized by hemispherical, brown syncephalia, heads connate for 1/3 to 2/5 of their length, with 3–4 florets per head and brown phyllaries with purple apices. Eremanthus ovatifolius is endemic to campos rupestres of Pico da Aliança, in the eastern part of Minas Gerais state, and is characterized by ovate leaves, hemispherical syncephalia, heads connate for 1/4 to 1/2 of their length and 3–4 florets per head. The affinities of these species are discussed. A key to all species of Eremanthus is provided.


Check List ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Alice S. Alves ◽  
Maurício Brandão Vecchi

We provide a list of bird species from our primary surveys and secondary data for an island (Ilha Grande) in southeastern Brazil. The information derives mainly from primary data collected since 1995, particularly in the oceanic side of the island. The methodologies included capture-mark-recapture studies using mist nets, transects (visual and vocal records) and supplementary observations. Our total species list from primary data is 175 species (127 captured) and 47 species were added from secondary data. This represents 222 species from 58 families. Of this total, 44 are endemic to Atlantic forest and nine are threatened with extinction. Our results are discussed comparing our study area with another large island included in the Serra do Mar corridor (Ilha de São Sebastião), and also a nearby continental area (Paraty). The results indicate the importance of Ilha Grande as a reservoir of bird species of Atlantic forest.


2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Lílian Mariana Costa ◽  
Guilherme Henrique Silva de Freitas ◽  
Pedro Henrique Vieira Braga Pereira da Silva ◽  
Leonardo Cotta Ribeiro ◽  
Marcelo Ferreira de Vasconcelos ◽  
...  

AbstractThe Cipo Cinclodes Cinclodes espinhacensis is a recently described furnariid endemic to the campos rupestres of Serra do Cipó, southern Espinhaço Range, southeastern Brazil. It is an “Endangered” species and its natural history is poorly known. We studied the Cipo Cinclodes breeding biology at Serra do Breu, where we found six nests on rock outcrops in 2009 and 2012. At least one nest was reused in different years. Breeding season was from September (nest building) to January (dependent juveniles). Nests were shallow cups or beds placed in chambers at the end of earthen and/or rocky tunnels or crevices on rock outcrops. Clutch size was 2–3 eggs. It exhibited biparental care during all nest stages. We demonstrated that the nesting habits of Cipo Cinclodes agree with those reported for other species of the genus, although some details differ from what is known for the closely related species, the Long-tailed Cinclodes Cinclodes pabsti.


2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruy José Válka Alves ◽  
Leonora Cardin ◽  
Marcela Stuker Kropf

A disjunct distribution pattern between the extrazonal formations of the campos rupestres (rocky grasslands) in the Espinhaço mountain range and the restingas (coastal strand vegetation) in Brazil has been proposed repeatedly for several flowering-plant species. In order to validate this distribution pattern, available data from the literature and major herbaria were compiled and evaluated. Some of these species also occur in campos rupestres on mountain ranges in Goiás state, campos de altitude (high altitude grasslands) of the Serra do Mar, and on geologically homologous rocky formations of the Guyana shield. Species that were also recorded for distinct zonal formations like cerrado, caatinga and forests were excluded from the pattern. The campo rupestre-restinga disjunction proved valid for 9 of 56 investigated species (16%). Explanations put forth by different authors for this unusual disjunction pattern are compared in the light of geological and climatological evidence.


Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 288 (3) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA DE FÁTIMA AGRA ◽  
JOÃO RENATO STEHMANN

Solanum mellobarretoi, a new species of Solanum subg. Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), is described and illustrated. It is endemic to Brazil and restricted to the southern Espinhaço Range in the State of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. Solanum mellobarretoi is morphologically related to S. leptostachys Dunal, from which it differs by its irregularly lobed lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate leaves, irregularly lobed, ovate to lanceolate calyx lobes, larger flowers, and pentagonal rotate corolla with cuspidate lobes. Although known in other groups of Solanum, the explosive seed dispersal mechanism found in this species is described here for the first time for the spiny solanums. The affinities with S. leptostachys, geographic distribution, ecology and conservation status of S. mellobarretoi are discussed.


Rodriguésia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Vitalino Santos Alves ◽  
Benoit Francis Patrice Loeuille

Abstract With 119 species distributed in 19 genera, most species of the subtribe Lychnophorinae are endemic to the Espinhaço Range in central eastern Brazil. This region is characterized especially by the campos rupestres, a grassland mosaic associated with vegetation on rock outcrops, which display a high level of endemism. The present work aims to identify distribution patterns, collection density, species richness and research bias in collections. Ten geographic distribution patterns were identified: Chapada Diamantina, Chapada dos Veadeiros and adjacent mountains, Pico da Aliança, Extension of the Espinhaço Range, Central-South Arc of Minas Gerais, Espinhaço Range and Brasília Arc, Campos Rupestres and Restinga, Chapada Diamantina and Caatinga, Northwest-Southeast Diagonal and East Triangle. Other Angiosperm families present similar distribution, mainly in the Espinhaço Meridional, where higher collecting efforts are present. Species richness is higher in sites with higher collection intensity, however, the northeast of Goiás shows the opposite pattern. Spearman correlation analysis shows a strong correlation between collection density and species richness, with an exponential asymptotic model that is quite significant for the total variation of species richness. The cluster analysis presented five clusters correlated with five distribution patterns in Lychnophorinae.


Check List ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Rodrigues ◽  
Guilherme H.S. Freitas ◽  
Lilian M. Costa ◽  
Daniel F. Dias ◽  
Mariane L. M. Varela ◽  
...  

We surveyed the avifauna of Alto do Palácio, Serra do Cipó National Park, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The park lies in the southern Espinhaço range, a significant biogeographical barrier that separates the forest areas of the Atlantic Forest on its eastern slope and the savanna-like vegetation of the Cerrado to its western slope. Representative habitats include open grasslands, with patches of rocky outcrops and woodlands. We recorded 151 species between 2007 and 2010. Most species occurred in woodlands, with the minority in rocky outcrops, eleven species are of conservation concern, nineteen are endemic to the Atlantic Forest, three to Cerrado, and four to the southeastern Brazilian mountaintops, two of which are restricted to campos rupestres of the Espinhaço range. Our results corroborate that the campos rupestres of the Espinhaço range are not only associated with the Cerrado biome, but harbor species associated with both surrounding biomes (Cerrado and Atlantic Forest) and to the mountaintops of southeastern Brazil, supporting the uniqueness of this vegetation type.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 871-879
Author(s):  
Estevão Luís Pereira Lima ◽  
◽  
Rone Fernando de Carvalho ◽  
Leonardo Guimarães Lessa

The Central Espinhaço Range forms a large biogeographical barrier that contains areas of ecological transition between two important conservation hotspots in Brazil: the Atlantic Forest and the Cerrado. This research aims to present the first consolidated list of bird species from Parque Estadual do Biribiri (PEBI) located in the Central Espinhaço Range at Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil. We recorded 172 bird species between August/November 2018 and January/April 2019, of which 15 are associated with the surrounding biomes (Caatinga, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest) and three species restricted to the southeastern Brazilian mountain tops. Among those species, four are considered globally Near Threatened and 41 species are listed under wildlife trafficking species, indicating the importance of conserving this area. Therefore, our results highlight the importance of PEBI and stress the importance of such transitional areas for maintaining diversity of birds in the Espinhaço Range.


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