scholarly journals Growth regulator and maize response to the increase in plant density

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 997-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucieli Santini Leolato ◽  
Luis Sangoi ◽  
Murilo Miguel Durli ◽  
Fernando Panison ◽  
Ramon Voss

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of application of the growth regulator Trinexapac-ethyl on maize response to the increase in plant density at two sowing dates. A field experiment was carried out in the municipality of Lages, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, during the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 growing seasons. Two sowing dates (10/15 - preferential, and 12/5 - late), four plant densities (5, 7, 9, and 11 plants m-2), with and without Trinexapac-ethyl application, were tested. The growth regulator was sprayed at a rate of 150 g a.i. ha-1, when hybrid P30F53YH was at the V5 and V10 growth stages. The spraying of Trinexapac-ethyl decreased the stem length above the ear insertion node at both growing seasons. Grain yield ranged from 11,422 to 14,805 kg ha-1, and increased in a quadratic way with the increment in plant density. The highest yields were reached when maize was sown in October. The spraying of Trinexapac-ethyl did not affect grain yield, but decreased the 1,000 kernels mass at both sowing dates. The use of Trinexapac-ethyl does not enhance grain yield of maize hybrid P30F53YH at crowded stands in response to the densification, regardless of sowing time.

2012 ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Ádám Lente

In the crop season of 2010 (rainy year), we studied the effect of three agrotechnical factors (sowing time, fertilization, plant density) and four different genotypes on the agronomical characteristics of sweet corn on chernozem soil in the Hajdúság. The experiments were carried out at the Látókép Experimental Farm of the University of Debrecen. In the experiment, two sowing dates (27 April, 26 May), six fertilization levels (control, N30+PK, N60+PK, N90+PK, N120+PK, N150+PK) and four genotypes (Jumbo, Enterprise, Prelude, Box-R) were used at two plant densities (45 thousand plants ha-1, 65 thousand plants ha-1). The amount of precipitation in the season of 2010 was 184 mm higher, while the average temperature was 0.8 oC higher in the studied months than the average of 30 years. Weather was more favourable for sweet maize at the first sowing date, if we consider the yields, however, if we evaluate the agronomical data and yield elements (number of cobs, cob length and diameter, the number of kernel rows, the number of kernels per row) it can be stated that the size of the fertile cobs was greater at the second sowing date due to the lower number of cobs. The largest number of fertile cobs was harvested in the case of the hybrid Enterprise (72367.9 ha-1) in the higher plant density treatment (65 thousand ha-1) at the fertilization level of N120+PK when the first sowing date was applied. The largest cobs were harvested from the hybrid Box-R (cob weight with husks: 516.7 g, number of kernels in one row: 45.7) at the lower plant density (45 thousand plants ha-1) in the second sowing date treatment. Cob diameter and the number of kernel rows were the highest for the hybrid Prelude.


Revista CERES ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 532-539
Author(s):  
Maria da Conceição Santana Carvalho ◽  
Adriano Stephan Nascente ◽  
Gilvan Ferreira Barbosa ◽  
Celso Américo Pedro Mutadiua ◽  
José Eloir Denardin

ABSTRACT The demonstration of yield potential of crops depends on genetic factors, favorable conditions of envi ronment, and management. The sowing time can significantly affect the common bean grain yield. The aim of this research was to study the behavior of Brazilian cultivars and sowing times on the yield components and grain yield of common bean grown in the environmental conditions of Lichinga, Province of Niassa, Mozambique. The field trial was performed for two growing seasons, using the experimental as a randomized block in factorial 5 × 3 × 2, with four replications. The treatments consisted of the combination of five common bean cultivars (BRS Pontal, BRS Agreste, Perola, and BRS Requinte, developed by Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), and a local variety, Encarnada) with three sowing dates (beginning of the rainy season, and 15 and 30 days after), during two growing seasons. The Brazilian cultivar of common beans BRS Pontal was the most productive in all sowing times, followed by BRS Agreste, which was not the most productive only in the second sowing time of 2013/2014 growing season. The cultivar Encarnada, from Mozambique, was the less productive cultivar in all sowing times and in all growing seasons. The best sowing time for common bean cultivars is in the beginning of the rainy season. The use of technologies such as use of seeds of new cultivars, proper sowing time, fertilization, and control of weeds allow significant increase of common bean grain yield in Lichinga, Mozambique.


2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton Luiz de Almeida ◽  
Luís Sangoi ◽  
Márcio Ender ◽  
Anderson Fernando Wamser

Plant density is one of the cropping practices that has the largest impact on individual plant growth. This work was conducted to evaluate the response of white oat (Avena sativa) cultivars with contrasting tillering patterns to variations in plant density. Two field experiments were carried out in Lages, SC, Brazil, during the 1998 and 1999 growing seasons. A split plot experimental design was used. Four oat cultivars were tested in the main plots: UFRGS 14, UFRGS 18, UPF 16 and UPF 17 using five plant densities split plots: 50, 185, 320, 455 and 550 plants m-2. Five plant samples were taken 25, 34, 48, 58 and 70 days after plant emergence to assess the treatment effects on dry matter partition between main stem and tillers. UFRGS 18 promoted dry matter allocation to tillers whereas UPF 17 directed dry mass mostly to the main stem. Differences in dry mass allocation between the main stem and tillers had no impact on grain yield, UPF 16 presenting the highest values for both growing seasons. The lack of interaction between population density and cultivar and the small effect of plant population on grain yield indicates that the oat tillering ability is not fundamental to define its grain yield.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e39310914751
Author(s):  
Mariana Alves de Oliveira ◽  
Claudemir Zucareli ◽  
Allan Ricardo Domingues ◽  
Lucas Augusto de Assis Moraes ◽  
Leandro Teodoski Spolaor ◽  
...  

Plant growth regulators, which can alter the plant size and anatomy, allow the use of cultivars of interest that do not have a modern leaf architecture, making higher plant densities possible. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of second season corn, grown at different plant densities and under Trinexapac-ethyl applications at different stages of crop development. The field study was carried out in two growing seasons (2013 and 2014), at the Fazenda Escola of the State University of Londrina. Fifteen treatments were evaluated in a randomized block, 5 x 3 factorial design, at five plant densities (40,000, 60,000, 80,000, 100,000 and 120,000 plants per hectare), of Trinexapac-ethyl applied in three stages: control (no application), V6 and V9, with four replications. The morphological plant characteristics, the yield components and grain yield were evaluated. Increases in plant density raise the plant height, reduce the number of grains per ear, ear length and 100-kernel weight, and have no influence on grain yield. The application of Trinexapac-ethyl in stage V9 reduces plant and ear insertion height and 100-kernel weight.


2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-324
Author(s):  
Hugo François Kuneski ◽  
Luis Sangoi ◽  
Antonio Eduardo Coelho ◽  
Lucieli Santini Leolato ◽  
Marcos Cardoso Martins Junior ◽  
...  

The splitting of nitrogen side-dressing fertilization with the application of a nitrogen dose at maize tasseling may increase grain yield, mainly when the crop is sown at the most favorable date to achieve high productivity. This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of sowing date on the response of maize to the splitting of nitrogen side-dressing fertilization at different growth stages. Two sowing dates were tested: preferential (10/15/2015 and 09/20/2016) and late (12/5/2015 and 12/5/2016). Six nitrogen side-dressing management treatments were evaluated at each sowing date: control without N; complete nitrogen rate applied at phenological stages V5, V10 and VT; ½ N rate at V5 + ½ N rate at V10; and ⅓ N rate at V5 + ⅓ N rate at V10 + ⅓ N rate at VT. The N rate was equivalent to 300 kg ha-1. Grain yield ranged from 8.9 to 15.3 t ha-1 in Lages and from 7.4 to 16.4 t ha-1 in Atalanta. There were no significant differences in grain yield and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen use (AE) among the treatments with the entire N side-dressing fertilization at V5 and V10 and those when the nutrient was split into two or three times, regardless of sowing date. AE was higher when the crop was sown at the preferential sowing date than in the late sowing date, regardless of N side-dressing application. The splitting of nitrogen fertilization up to the crop tasseling did not increase maize grain yield or AE.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257692
Author(s):  
Maryam Mahdipour-Afra ◽  
Majid AghaAlikhani ◽  
Soleiman Abbasi ◽  
Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli

The growth period, phenology, grain yield and gum content of two different guar ecotypes were studied in response to different sowing dates and plant densities. A two-year field experiment was conducted as a split-factorial in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates in the research field of Tarbiat Modares University during 2016 and 2017 growing season. Main plots consisted of four sowing dates (May 21, June 4, June 21 and July 5 in 2016 and May 10, May 26, June 10 and June 26 in 2017), and subplots including three plant densities (13, 20 and 40 plants m-2) and two ecotypes (Pakistani and Indian). Based on findings, the phenological traits, plant height, grain yield and harvest index were significantly affected by plant density. The effect of ecotypes was statistically significant (p<0.05) on all traits except harvest index in the first year. Furthermore, the seed sowings on May 21 and May 26 with 13 plants m-2 led to highest grain yield (3004.8 and 2826.10 kg.ha-1 for two consecutive years). The high gum content (33.68 and 33.78% for two consecutive years) was also recorded for Pakistani ecotype while for gravity, Indian ecotype showed higher value in both crop years. By and large, the Pakistani ecotype showed better response compared to the Indian one in both years, especially in 1st and 2nd sowing dates.


2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Luis Vian ◽  
Christian Bredemeier ◽  
Maicon Andreo Drum ◽  
João Leonardo Fernandes Pires ◽  
Elizandro Fochesatto

ABSTRACT The estimated corn grain yield is dependent on plant density and should be monitored from the beginning of its development, especially between the phenological stages V3 and V10, since these stages are more responsive to management strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of two methods [normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and plant occupation index (POI)] to estimate the density of corn plants, in order to identify the plant population in different phenological stages and corn grain yield. Two field experiments were conducted in two crop seasons and treatments consisted of four plant densities (4, 6, 8 and 10 plants m-2). The NDVI measurements of the vegetative canopy were performed in the growth stages V4, V5, V6, V7, V8 and V9 (2014) and V3, V5, V6, V8, V9, V10 and V13 (2015/2016). For the POI, the measurements were performed in the stages V5, V6, V8 and V9, in both crop seasons. The different plant densities were efficient in generating variability in the NDVI and POI values throughout the corn crop development cycle, and both tools were efficient in identifying density variations. It was observed that these tools should be used between the V4 and V9 growth stages.


Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Mark F. Richards ◽  
Lancelot Maphosa ◽  
Aaron L. Preston

Chickpea growth, development and grain yield are affected by a range of climatic and environmental factors. Experiments were conducted across four sowing dates from mid-April to the end of May, over two years at Trangie in central western New South Wales (NSW), and Leeton, Wagga Wagga and Yanco (one year) in southern NSW, to examine the influence of sowing time on biomass accumulation, grain yield and plant yield components. Climatic and experimental location data were recorded during the growing seasons. Early sowing (mid-April) resulted in taller plants, higher bottom and top pod heights, fewer pods, more unfilled pods and greater biomass accumulation, but low harvest index due to reduced grain yield compared with late sowing (end of May). Grain number was positively correlated with grain yield and was the main yield component accounting for most of the variation in yield. There was largely a positive correlation between biomass and yield, especially with delayed sowing except for Leeton experiments. This study concludes that sowing around the end of April in central western NSW and mid-May in southern NSW is conducive to higher grain yield as it minimises exposure to abiotic stresses at critical growth periods and allows efficient conversion of biomass to grain yield.


Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Muhammad Javaid Akhter ◽  
Per Kudsk ◽  
Solvejg Kopp Mathiassen ◽  
Bo Melander

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in the growing seasons of 2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019 to evaluate the competitive effects of rattail fescue [Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel.] in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and to assess whether delayed crop sowing and increased crop density influence the emergence, competitiveness, and fecundity of V. myuros. Cumulative emergence showed the potential of V. myuros to emerge rapidly and under a wide range of climatic conditions with no effect of crop density and variable effects of sowing time between the two experiments. Grain yield and yield components were negatively affected by increasing V. myuros density. The relationship between grain yield and V. myuros density was not influenced by sowing time or by crop density, but crop–weed competition was strongly influenced by growing conditions. Due to very different weather conditions, grain yield reductions were lower in the growing season of 2017 to 2018 than in 2018 to 2019, with maximum grain yield losses of 22% and 50% in the two growing seasons, respectively. The yield components, number of crop ears per square meter, and 1,000-kernel weight were affected almost equally, reflecting that V. myuros’s competition with winter wheat occurred both early and late in the growing season. Seed production of V. myuros was suppressed by delaying sowing and increasing crop density. The impacts of delayed sowing and increasing crop density on seed production of V. myuros highlight the potential of these cultural weed control tactics in the long-term management programs of this species.


Author(s):  
L. S. Sampaio ◽  
R. Battisti ◽  
M. A. Lana ◽  
K. J. Boote

Abstract Crop models can be used to explain yield variations associated with management practices, environment and genotype. This study aimed to assess the effect of plant densities using CSM-CROPGRO-Soybean for low latitudes. The crop model was calibrated and evaluated using data from field experiments, including plant densities (10, 20, 30 and 40 plants per m2), maturity groups (MG 7.7 and 8.8) and sowing dates (calibration: 06 Jan., 19 Jan., 16 Feb. 2018; and evaluation: 19 Jan. 2019). The model simulated phenology with a bias lower than 2 days for calibration and 7 days for evaluation. Relative root mean square error for the maximum leaf area index varied from 12.2 to 31.3%; while that for grain yield varied between 3 and 32%. The calibrated model was used to simulate different management scenarios across six sites located in the low latitude, considering 33 growing seasons. Simulations showed a higher yield for 40 pl per m2, as expected, but with greater yield gain increments occurring at low plant density going from 10 to 20 pl per m2. In Santarém, Brazil, MG 8.8 sown on 21 Feb. had a median yield of 2658, 3197, 3442 and 3583 kg/ha, respectively, for 10, 20, 30 and 40 pl per m2, resulting in a relative increase of 20, 8 and 4% for each additional 10 pl per m2. Overall, the crop model had adequate performance, indicating a minimum recommended plant density of 20 pl per m2, while sowing dates and maturity groups showed different yield level and pattern across sites in function of the local climate.


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