scholarly journals Acute lower respiratory illness in under-five children in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: prevalence and risk factors

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1429-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio O. M. Prietsch ◽  
Gilberto B. Fischer ◽  
Juraci A. César ◽  
Berenice S. Lempek ◽  
Luciano V. Barbosa Jr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Schooling ◽  
The City

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of acute lower respiratory illness and to identify associated factors among children less than five years of age in the city of Rio Grande, southern Brazil. Using a cross-sectional survey, a standardized household questionnaire was applied to mothers or guardians. Information was collected on household conditions, socioeconomic status, and parental smoking. Prenatal care attendance, nutritional status, breastfeeding pattern, and use of health services for the children were also investigated. Data analysis was based on prevalence ratios and logistic regression, using a conceptual framework. Among 771 children studied, 23.9% presented acute lower respiratory illness. The main risk factors were previous episodes of acute lower respiratory infection or wheezing, crowding, maternal schooling less than five years, monthly family income less than US$ 200, four or more people per room, asthma in family members, and maternal smoking. Mothers 30 years or older were identified as a protective factor. These results can help define specific measures to reduce morbidity and mortality due to acute lower respiratory illness in this setting.

scholarly journals Social and Psychological Predictors of Initial Cigarette Smoking Experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walieh Menati ◽  
Milad Nazarzadeh ◽  
Zeinab Bidel ◽  
Morten Würtz ◽  
Rostam Menati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Psychological Risk ◽  
The City

Knowledge about social and psychological risk factors for initial cigarette smoking experience (ICSE) is sparse. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of ICSE and to examine the psychological and social factors related to ICSE. In a cross-sectional survey, 1,511 male college students were recruited using multistage sampling techniques from four universities located within the city of Ilam, Iran. Self-administered multiple-choice questionnaires were distributed to students from March to June 2013. Risk factors for ICSE were evaluated using logistic regression models. Participants were 22.3 ± 2.4 years of age. ICSE prevalence was 30.6%. In multivariable adjusted analysis, risk taking behavior (odds ratio [OR] = 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11-2.33), perceived peer smoking prevalence (OR = 2.48; 95% CI = 1.03-5.97), positive thoughts about smoking (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.02-1.10), high self-efficacy ( OR = 0.95, 95% CI [0.93, 0.98]), presence in smokers’ gathering (OR = 4.45; 95% CI = 2.88-6.81), comity of smokers (OR = 2.56; 95% CI = 1.66, 3.92), very hard access to cigarettes (OR = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.16-4.16), close friends’ medium reaction toward smoking (OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.02-1.88), and sporting activity (OR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.56-0.98) were significantly associated with ICSE. This study identified that a combination of psychological and social variables account for up to 78% of the probability of ICSE. The most important protective factor against ICSE was physical activity, whereas the most important risk factor for ICSE was frequent gathering in the presence of smokers.

Epidemiology ofMycoplasmaacquisition in male HIV-1 infected patients: a multistage cross-sectional survey in Jiangsu, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (15) ◽  
pp. 3327-3334 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.-S. CHEN ◽  
J.-R. WU ◽  
B. WANG ◽  
T. YANG ◽  
R. YUAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv Aids

SUMMARYMycoplasmainfections are most frequently associated with disease in the urogenital or respiratory tracts and, in most cases, mycoplasmas infect the host persistently. In HIV-infected individuals the prevalence and role of genital mycoplasmas has not been well studied. To investigate the six species ofMycoplasmaand the risk factors for infection in Jiangsu province, first-void urine and venous blood samples were collected and epidemiological questionnaires were administered after informed consent. A total of 1541 HIV/AIDS patients were recruited in this study. The overall infection rates of sixMycoplasmaspecies were:Ureaplasma urealyticum(26·7%),Mycoplasma hominis(25·3%),M. fermentans(5·1%),M. genitalium(20·1%),M. penetrans(1·6%) andM. pirum(15·4%). TheMycoplasmainfection rate in the unmarried group was lower than that of the married, divorced and widowed groups [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1·432, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·077–1·904,P< 0·05]. The patients who refused highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) had a much higher risk ofMucoplasmainfection (aOR 1·357, 95% CI 1·097–1·679,P< 0·05). Otherwise, a high CD4+T cell count was a protective factor againstMycoplasmainfection (aOR 0·576, 95% CI 0·460–0·719,P< 0·05). Further research will be required to confirm a causal relationship and to identify risk factors forMycoplasmainfection in HIV/AIDS populations.

scholarly journals Prevalence and influencing risk factors of eczema among preschool children in Urumqi city: a cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haonan Shi ◽  
Guangsheng Wan ◽  
Tingting Wang ◽  
Jia Zhu ◽  
Lan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Eczema is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with impaired quality of life. We identified indoor environmental risk factors, to provide strong evidence for the prevention and control of eczema in preschool children. Methods Using a cross-sectional study with stratified random cluster sampling, we conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey among 8153 parents of children aged 2–8 years in 60 kindergartens in six districts of Urumqi city during August 2019. Results Among 8153 preschool children, 12.0% of the children have been diagnosed with eczema. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that caesarean section (odds ratio [OR] = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.36), being an only child (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.18–1.57), presence of mould or moisture in the mother’s home before pregnancy (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.17–2.00), presence of flies or mosquitoes in the dwelling currently (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.10–1.55), pets kept in the child’s home currently (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.01–1.51), presence of pets during child’s first year (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.14–1.85), and family history of eczema (OR = 3.53, 95% CI: 2.98–4.19) are the risk factors for the development of eczema, whereas ethnicity other than the Han Chinese (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61–0.96) is a protective factor for eczema. Conclusion Preschool children in Urumqi are at a high risk of eczema, particularly those of the Han Chinese ethnicity. Parents should be attentive to the indoor living environment of children and take actions to reduce indoor humidity, pest control and elimination, and avoid raising pets to reduce the risk of development of eczema in children.

scholarly journals The Interaction Effects of BMI and Dyslipidemia for Hypertension in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Tang ◽  
Jian Ma ◽  
Rongqin Tao ◽  
Zhijun Chen ◽  
Yide Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background:Body mass index(BMI) is a commonly used international standard to measure body fat or thinness and health,and dyslipidemia is the metabolic abnormalities of lipoprotein in the human body,which are often considered have associated with high blood pressure.In this study,we explored the relationship between BMI or dyslipidemia and the risk of hypertension and further verified the possible interacting influences of BMI with dyslipidemia on the risk of hypertension.The aim is to explore the possible risk factors of hypertension and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.Methods:Eligible subjects were selected from a cross-sectional survey in Changsha City, and we collected relevant data and clinical indicators for each participant.Body mass index(BMI) was calculated as weight (kg)/height2 (m2),and divided into four categories according to the Chinese standard.Dyslipidemia is defined according to Chinese guideline.The following indicators were used to assess the interaction effects:(1)Relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI);(2)Attributable proportion due to interaction(AP);(3)Synergy index (SI). SPSS software was used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 2740 eligible participants were enrolled in the cross-sectional study, of which 765 subjects (27.9%) were diagnosed with hypertension.Multivariate Logistic model showed that overweight or obese subjects had a significantly higher risk of hypertension than normal weight people, and low body weight was a protective factor for hypertension(OR:0.52,95%CI:0.29-0.93).People with dyslipidemia have a higher risk of hypertension than those with normal lipids(OR:3.05,95%CI:2.36-3.90). In addition,there was a significant interaction between overweight or obesity and dyslipidemia(overweight:RERI(1.91,95%CI 0.17-3.66),AP(0.40,95%CI 0.14-0.66),SI (2.03,95%CI 1.11-3.74) and obesity:RERI (2.20,95%CI 1.01-3.40), AP (0.38,95%CI 0.18-0.58),SI (1.84,95%CI 1.18-2.89), while no interaction was found between low body weight and dyslipidemia.Conclusion:Low body weight is an independent protective factor for hypertension, but overweight,obesity and dyslipidemia are risk factors for hypertension,and dyslipidemia significantly shared interactions with overweight and obesity that influenced the risk of hypertension.

scholarly journals Prevalence of smoking and age of initiation in Alexandria, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 626-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Youssef ◽  
S. A. Abou Khatwa ◽  
H. M. Fouad
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Family Income ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City

A cross-sectional survey on tobacco use in the city of Alexandria, Egypt, used an interview questionnaire based on World Health Organization guidelines. The study in 2000 included 2120 participants aged 15 to 86 years. More than a quarter [27.2%] were current smokers [25.5% daily smokers and 1.7% occasional smokers] and 3.5% were ex-smokers. Current smokers spent 23.1% of their family income on tobacco. The prevalence of current smoking was significantly higher among men [48.5%] than women [1.5%] and the mean age of initiation of smoking was lower among men [18.1 years] than women [22.6 years]. The high prevalence of tobacco use among men is of concern, so too is the likelihood that tobacco use will increase among women. Further research is needed into factors that prevent people from starting smoking and assist them stopping smoking

scholarly journals Prevalence of and risk factors for curable sexually transmitted infections on Bubaque Island, Guinea Bissau

2020 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2019-054351
Author(s):  
Giovanna Cowley ◽  
Gregory Milne ◽  
Eunice Teixeira da Silva ◽  
Jose Nakutum ◽  
Amabelia Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Guinea Bissau

ObjectivesComplications from sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can result in severe morbidity and mortality. To date, no STI population studies have been conducted on the Bijagos Islands, Guinea Bissau. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of and identify risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct), Neisseria gonorrhoea (Ng), Mycoplasma genitalium (Mg), Trichomonas vaginalis (Tv) and Treponema pallidum (Tp) on Bubaque, the most populated island.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted on the island of Bubaque among people aged 16–49 years. Participants were asked to answer a questionnaire on STI risk factors, to provide urine samples (men and women) and vaginal swabs (women) for PCR testing for Ct, Ng, Mg and Tv, and to provide dry blood spots for Tp particle agglutination assays. Data were analysed to estimate the prevalence of STIs and logistic regression was used to identify risk factors.ResultsIn total, 14.9% of participants were found to have a curable STI, with the highest prevalence being observed for Tv (5.9%) followed by Ct (3.8%), Ng (3.8%), Mg (1.9%) and Tp (0.8%). Significant risk factors for having any STI included being female, younger age and concurrent partnership. Having had a previous STI that was optimally treated was a protective factor.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that there is a considerable burden of STI on the Bijagos Islands, stressing the need for diagnostic testing to facilitate early detection and treatment of these pathogens to stop ongoing transmission. Moreover, these results indicate the need to conduct further research into the STI burden on the Bijagos Islands to help inform and develop a national STI control strategy.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Cognitive Impairment among Rural Elderly in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3724
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Lily Dongxia Xiao ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Yan Luo ◽  
Xiaomei Li
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mini Mental Status Examination ◽  
And Gender

Elders in rural areas of developing countries are particularly vulnerable to cognitive impairment and gender disparities are notable. Yet, evidence related to gender differences in cognitive impairment in these settings is scarce. This study examined gender differences in cognitive impairment among elderly people aged 65 and above in rural China. A multi-site cross-sectional survey was conducted. In total, 550 males and 700 females were recruited. The Chinese version of the Mini-Mental Status Examination was applied for cognitive impairment screening. Demographic information, lifestyle factors, psychosocial factors, and health-related information were assessed. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 40.0%in males and 45.1% in females, respectively. Females showed significant higher prevalence after age 75 (62.7% vs. 45.4%, p < 0.005). Older age, hearing impairment, and activities of daily living dependence were common factors associated with cognitive impairment in both females and males. For males, living in a neighborhood with poor social interactions and diabetes were risk factors, while tea consumption was a protective factor. For females, vision impairment and illiteracy were additional risk factors. Individualized interventions and standardized measurements of cognitive function should be developed to suit older populations living in rural and less-developed areas, through collective efforts involving all stakeholders and multidisciplinary teamwork.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in dairy cattle, state of Rio de Janeiro

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.R. Albuquerque ◽  
A.D. Munhoz ◽  
M. Teixeira ◽  
W. Flausino ◽  
S.M. Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common parasitic zoonoses throughout the world. Infection in man and animals varies in different geographical areas influenced by many environmental conditions. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cattle in Brazil ranges from 1.03 to 71%. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 58 out of 453 farms in the South Fluminense Paraiba Valley, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Over 3-year-old cattle (n=589) from dairy herds were selected for blood collection and detection of anti-T. gondii antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IFA) with initial titration of 1:16; titers > 64 were considered positive. Univariate analysis of risk factors showed that cats in contact with cattle, cats in contact with drinking water, and number of cats were associated with T. gondii seroprevalence. Logistic regression revealed a two-fold increased risk for infection of cattle (p=0.0138) through larger number of cats (>3) compared with low numbers of cats (1-2) on the farm. In contrast, the presence of chickens was considered a protective factor (p=0.025).

scholarly journals Characteristics and Factors Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Individuals That Attended Referral Hospitals from Southern Region of Bahia State, Brazil: A Surveillance Network Retrospective Study

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2462
Author(s):  
Fabrício Barbosa Ferreira ◽  
Galileu Barbosa Costa ◽  
Anaiá da Paixão Sevá ◽  
George Rego Albuquerque ◽  
Ana Paula Melo Mariano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Referral Hospitals

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus was detected in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread worldwide. In Brazil, to date, there have been more than 20,000,000 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and more than 550,000 deaths. The purpose of the current study was to determine the clinical and epidemiological profile of the population affected by COVID-19 that have attended referral hospitals in Southern region of Bahia State, to better understand the disease and its risk factors in order to enable more appropriate conduct for patients. An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, exploratory study was conducted using secondary data collected from the Laboratório de Farmacogenômica e Epidemiologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (LAFEM/UESC). Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests were applied to determine the association between clinical symptoms and laboratory results, and to identify risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. A total of 3135 individuals with suspected severe respiratory illness were analyzed and 41.4% of them tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Male individuals and having comorbidities were risk factors significantly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR = 1.17 and OR = 1.37, respectively). Interestingly, being a healthcare professional was a significantly protective factor (OR = 0.81, p < 0.001). Our findings highlight the importance of routinely testing the population for early identification of infected individuals, and also provide important information to health authorities and police makers to improve control measures, management, and screening protocols.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document