scholarly journals Effects of a 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching agent on rat oral epithelium proliferation

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo de Castro Albuquerque ◽  
Ricardo Santiago Gomez ◽  
Rodrigo Aliprandi Dutra ◽  
Wallison Arthuso Vasconcellos ◽  
Renato Santiago Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Oral Epithelium ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Immunohistochemical Expression ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Short Course

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence of short course topical application of carbamide peroxide on proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemical expression in the oral tongue mucosa of rats. Twelve male Wistar rats were submitted to topical application of 10% carbamide peroxide on one side of the dorsal tongue once a week for three consecutive weeks. Only distilled water was applied on the control side. The animals were killed on days 0, 10, and 20 after the last application. The tongue was fixed in buffered formalin for 24 h and embedded in paraffin. Tissue blocks (3 µm) were subjected to the biotin-streptavidin amplified system for identification of PCNA. The percentage of epithelial-positive basal cells in each side of the tongue mucosa was calculated. The results demonstrated that topical application of 10% carbamide peroxide increases PCNA immunohistochemical expression on the basal layer of the oral mucosa epithelium of rats on day 0 after treatment. In conclusion, short-course use of carbamide peroxide induces transient epithelial cell proliferation of the oral mucosa of rats.

scholarly journals CELL PROLIFERATION AND VOLUME-WEIGHTED MEAN NUCLEAR VOLUME IN HIGH-GRADE PIN AND ADENOCARCINOMA, COMPARED WITH NORMAL PROSTATE

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Teba ◽  
Rocío Martín ◽  
Vicente Gómez ◽  
Luis M Herranz ◽  
Luis Santamaría
Keyword(s):  
Basal Layer ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Nuclear Volume ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Normal Epithelium ◽  
Normal Prostate ◽  
Prostate Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Malignant Changes

High-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) is considered a precursor of prostate adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to quantitate the differences between basal and luminal cells of PIN in relation to mean nuclear volume (νVnuc), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index (LIPCNA), and to compare these estimates with those obtained in normal prostate and carcinoma. The epithelium of both normal and PIN specimens was segmented in basal and luminal compartments, and the νVnuc and LIPCNA measured in both strata. νVnuc was significantly lower in normal epithelium than in both PIN and carcinoma. The νVnuc of basal layer of PIN was significantly higher than in luminal stratum. The luminal νVnuc was similar in both PIN and adenocarcinoma. The LIPCNA was greater in PIN and adenocarcinoma than in normal glands. The LIPCNA of basal cells from PIN was similar to that observed in the basal stratum from normal prostate, whereas the luminal proliferation from PIN was similar to that observed in adenocarcinoma. The similarities in nuclear size between PIN and carcinoma are according to the premalignant haracter of PIN. The increase of basal νVnuc in PIN indicates that the changes heralding the progression from PIN to carcinoma are produced in this layer, whereas the nuclear features of the luminal layer are the same to those of the carcinoma. These remarks make sense in reference to the progression of malignant changes from PIN basal layer to PIN luminal layer and from this to carcinoma.

Keratinocyte transglutaminase in human skin and oral mucosa: cytoplasmic localization and uncoupling of differentiation markers

1990 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-638
Author(s):  
B.M. Ta ◽  
G.T. Gallagher ◽  
R. Chakravarty ◽  
R.H. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Oral Epithelium ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Normal Epithelium ◽  
Differentiation Markers ◽  
Cytoplasmic Staining ◽  
Oral Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Diffuse Cytoplasmic Staining ◽  
Oral Epithelial

Expression of keratinocyte transglutaminase, a specific differentiation marker, has been examined by immunogold-silver cytochemistry in human epidermis and oral epithelium, and in oral mucosal hyperplasia and neoplasia. Two major findings have been obtained. First, considerable immunoreactivity was evident not only at the plasma membrane (the site of cross-linked envelope formation) but also in the cytoplasm of spinous cells, suggesting a cytoplasmic function for this transglutaminase. Staining at the cell border was seen principally in the granular layer of orthokeratinized epithelium (epidermis, hard palate), the outer spinous cells of ortho- and parakeratinized epithelium and in the suprabasal cells showing squamous differentiation in benign and malignant neoplasms. By contrast, diffuse cytoplasmic staining was observed in the upper spinous layer of the normal epithelium and benign lesions. The cytoplasmic immunoreactivity, which extended nearly to the basal layer in hyperkeratosis of the oral mucosa, was evident in two of three verrucous carcinomas examined. In keeping with their undifferentiated character, invasive nests of squamous cell carcinoma and basaloid epithelium in benign and neoplastic lesions were immunonegative for transglutaminase. The second major finding was that lesions of severe oral epithelial dysplasia, immunonegative for transglutaminase, were capable of expressing involucrin immunoreactivity, indicating an uncoupling of keratinocyte programming. These results suggest that immunogold-silver staining for transglutaminase may be useful in evaluating the degree of differentiation in benign and malignant oral epithelial proliferation.

scholarly journals Role of Jagged1-mediated Notch Signaling Activation in the Differentiation and Stratification of the Human Limbal Epithelium

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1945
Author(s):  
Sheyla González ◽  
Maximilian Halabi ◽  
David Ju ◽  
Matthew Tsai ◽  
Sophie X. Deng
Keyword(s):  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Notch Signaling Pathway ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Proliferation Markers ◽  
Limbal Epithelium ◽  
Asymmetric Divisions ◽  
Signaling Activation

The Notch signaling pathway plays a key role in proliferation and differentiation. We investigated the effect of Jagged 1 (Jag1)-mediated Notch signaling activation in the human limbal stem/progenitor cell (LSC) population and the stratification of the limbal epithelium in vitro. After Notch signaling activation, there was a reduction in the amount of the stem/progenitor cell population, epithelial stratification, and expression of proliferation markers. There was also an increase of the corneal epithelial differentiation. In the presence of Jag1, asymmetric divisions were decreased, and the expression pattern of the polarity protein Par3, normally present at the apical-lateral membrane of basal cells, was dispersed in the cells. We propose a mechanism in which Notch activation by Jag1 decreases p63 expression at the basal layer, which in turn reduces stratification by decreasing the number of asymmetric divisions and increases differentiation.

scholarly journals CK20 and CK5/6 Immunohistochemical Staining of Urothelial Neoplasms: A Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mohammed Akhtar ◽  
Sameera Rashid ◽  
Mohamed Ben Gashir ◽  
Noheir Mostafa Taha ◽  
Issam Al Bozom
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
The Family ◽  
Prognostic Implications ◽  
Umbrella Cells ◽  
Proper Interpretation ◽  
Aggressive Clinical Behavior

Cytokeratins belong to the family of intermediate filaments. They are expressed in a highly specific manner in epithelial cells where they play a crucial role in the integrity and mechanical stability of the cells. Several types of cytokeratins have been described in normal as well as neoplastic urothelium. In the case of urothelial neoplasms expression of CK20 and CK5/6 has been shown in several studies to have diagnostic and prognostic implications. Thus, low-grade urothelial carcinoma manifests CK expression limited to the umbrella cells, while high-grade tumors usually have an expression in the entire thickness of the urothelium except for the basal layer. CK5/6 expression on the other hand is expressed in the basal cells in all low-grade and some high-grade urothelial carcinomas. Diffuse CK20 staining accompanied by loss of CK5/6-positive basal layer is usually associated with aggressive clinical behavior. Double staining of the slides for these cytokeratins may facilitate proper interpretation and correlation.

Fine-Structural Identification and Organization of the Epidermal Proliferative Unit

1974 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-319
Author(s):  
T. D. ALLEN ◽  
C. S. POTTEN
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Structural Identification ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Vertical Column ◽  
Vertical Organization ◽  
Interfollicular Epidermis ◽  
Spinous Layer ◽  
Overlapping Region

Mouse dorsal interfollicular epidermis has a vertical organization consisting of approximately 1400 units/mm2. Each unit is identified by its uppermost 4 to 6 layers of roughly hexagonal flattened cornified cells or squames, which are stacked in a precise vertical column. Beneath each column of squames there are 3 differentiating cells and a group of 10 or 11 basal cells, which provide cells to replace those lost by desquamation at the top of the squame column. The whole unit is termed an epidermal proliferative unit or EPU. In the central region of the basal layer of each EPU is a single dendritic Langerhans cell, devoid of desmosomes, but held in position by the surrounding keratinocytes. The dendrites radiate outwards between the keratinocytes to the periphery of the unit. Keratinocyte migration into the spinous layer takes place from the edge of the unit. In the squame column itself, a modified cell-to-cell attachment (squamosome) runs around the edge of each cornified cell, and attaches it to the overlapping region of cells from adjacent squame columns.

scholarly journals Effects of 16% Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching on the Surface Properties of Glazed Glassy Matrix Ceramics

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Necla Demir ◽  
Muhammet Karci ◽  
Mutlu Ozcan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Glassy Matrix ◽  
Bleaching Agent ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Ceramic Restorations ◽  
Bleaching Gels ◽  
Scanning Electron

Objective. To determine the influence of the home bleaching agent, Opalescence PF, on the surface roughness and microhardness of glazed glassy matrix CAD-CAM ceramics. Materials and Methods. The 28 sintered leucite- and lithium disilicate-reinforced ceramic specimens (IPS Empress CAD and IPS e.max CAD) were divided into control and bleached groups. The home bleaching agent was applied to specimens of bleached groups for 7 days. The surface roughness and microhardness of all specimens were measured. A scanning electron microscope was used to evaluate the surface properties. The data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA. Results. The control e.max CAD showed the lowest surface roughness values. For both Empress and e.max CAD, surface roughness was significantly higher for the bleached group (p<0.05). No significant differences in microhardness were observed. Conclusions. According to our study, patients should be careful when using home bleaching agents because whitening agents can affect the mechanical properties of full ceramic restorations like e.max CAD and Empress CAD. Ceramic polishing may be required in clinical situations where ceramic restorations are accidentally exposed to bleaching gels.

Carbamide peroxide bleaching agents: effects on surface roughness of enamel, composite and porcelain

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Moraes ◽  
J. L. M. Marimon ◽  
L. F. J. Schneider ◽  
L. Correr Sobrinho ◽  
G. B. Camacho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching

scholarly journals Advanced Verrucous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus: Case Report and Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuhisa Takase ◽  
Satoshi Suzuki ◽  
Tetsu Nakamura ◽  
Masashi Yamamoto ◽  
Shingo Kanaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Esophageal Tumor ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Esophagus ◽  
Verrucous Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Well Differentiated

Abstract Verrucous squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) is a rare esophageal tumor histologically defined as a well-differentiated subtype. We present a rare case that was diagnosed as esophageal VSCC preoperatively. A 62-year-old Japanese male was referred to our hospital for further evaluation, presenting with anorexia and postcibal vomiting. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) examination showed esophageal stricture with white-colored papillary nodules in the lower esophagus. We performed repeated superficial endoscopic biopsies of the lesion, but the histological findings showed nonspecific changes. With an endoscopic boring biopsy, the lesion showed an endophytic growth pattern, well-differentiated SCC with minimal cellular atypia and rare mitosis, and mature squamous epithelium with extensive keratinization. We preoperatively diagnosed the lesion as esophageal VSCC, and we performed a video-assisted thoracoscopic subtotal esophagectomy and cardiectomy with the patient in the prone position. Histological findings revealed that the invasive well-differentiated SCC extended into the esophageal adventitia and the stomach wall with a pushing border. Regional lymph node metastasis and vascular invasion were negative. The expression of Ki-67 was distributed mainly in the basal cells rather than parabasal cells. Without a conclusive diagnosis, a certain degree of diagnostic prediction is possible by understanding the clinical manifestations, macroscopic form and histology around the basal cells. It is helpful to obtain the high accuracy provided by an endoscopic biopsy including the basal layer in order to avoid the diagnostic dilemma that is often presented by esophageal VSCC.

scholarly journals Comparison of Immunohistochemical Expression of Antiapoptotic Protein Survivin in Normal Oral Mucosa, Oral Leukoplakia, and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amita Negi ◽  
Abhiney Puri ◽  
Rakhi Gupta ◽  
Rajat Nangia ◽  
Alisha Sachdeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Oral Leukoplakia ◽  
Immunohistochemical Expression ◽  
Antiapoptotic Protein ◽  
Normal Oral Mucosa ◽  
Survivin Protein

Background. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth most frequent malignant tumor worldwide and the third most common cancers in developing countries. Oral leukoplakia is the best-known precursor lesion of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of the present study was to compare immunohistochemical expression of antiapoptotic protein survivin in normal oral mucosa, oral leukoplakia, and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Method. Total 45 specimens of formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks, 15 in each of the following: normal oral mucosa, leukoplakia, and oral squamous cell carcinoma were used for the study. Immunohistochemical reaction for survivin protein was performed for the 4 µm thick histological sections taken on positively charged slides. Results. 20% normal mucosa cases, 53.33% cases of leukoplakia, and 80% of oral squamous cell carcinoma were found out to be survivin positive. One way ANOVA test indicated statistically significant difference of survivin expression between the three different groups p<0.001. Conclusion. A high incidence of survivin protein expression in oral epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma samples indicate that survivin protein expression may be an early event in initiation and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

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