scholarly journals Microarray and Growth Analyses Identify Differences and Similarities of Early Corn Response to Weeds, Shade, and Nitrogen Stress

Weed Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Moriles ◽  
Stephanie Hansen ◽  
David P. Horvath ◽  
Graig Reicks ◽  
David E. Clay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Light Competition

Weed interference with crop growth is often attributed to water, nutrient, or light competition; however, specific physiological responses to these stresses are not well described. This study's objective was to compare growth, yield, and gene expression responses of corn to nitrogen (N), low light (40% shade), and weed stresses. Corn vegetative parameters from V2 to V12 stages, yield parameters, and gene expression using transcriptome (2008) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) (2008/09) analyses at V8 were compared among the stresses and with nonstressed corn. N stress did not affect vegetative parameters, although grain yield was reduced by 40% compared with nonstressed plants. Shade, present until V2, reduced biomass and leaf area > 50% at V2, and recovering plants remained smaller than nonstressed plants at V12. However, grain yields of shade-stressed and nonstressed plants were similar, unless shade remained until V8. Weed stress reduced corn growth and yield in 2008 when weeds remained until V6. In 2009, weed stress until V2 reduced corn vegetative growth, but yield reductions occurred only if weed stress remained until V6 or later. Principle component analysis of differentially expressed genes indicated that shade and weed stress had more similar gene expression patterns to each other than they did to nonstressed or N-stressed tissues. However, corn grown in N-stressed conditions shared 252 differentially expressed genes with weed-stressed plants. Ontologies associated with light/photosynthesis, energy conversion, and signaling were down-regulated in response to all three stresses. Shade and weed stress clustered most tightly together, based on gene expression, but shared only three ontologies, O-METHYLTRANSFERASE activity (lignification processes), POLY(U)-BINDING activity (posttranscriptional gene regulation), and stomatal movement. Based on morphologic and genomic observations, weed stress to corn was not explained by individual effects of N or light stress. Therefore, we hypothesize that these stresses share limited signaling mechanisms.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Differentially Expressed mRNA Related to Pigeon Muscle Development

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2311
Author(s):  
Hao Ding ◽  
Yueyue Lin ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Lan Chen ◽  
Genxi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Gene Expression And Regulation

The mechanisms behind the gene expression and regulation that modulate the development and growth of pigeon skeletal muscle remain largely unknown. In this study, we performed gene expression analysis on skeletal muscle samples at different developmental and growth stages using RNA sequencing (RNA−Seq). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using edgeR software. Weighted gene co−expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify the gene modules related to the growth and development of pigeon skeletal muscle based on DEGs. A total of 11,311 DEGs were identified. WGCNA aggregated 11,311 DEGs into 12 modules. Black and brown modules were significantly correlated with the 1st and 10th day of skeletal muscle growth, while turquoise and cyan modules were significantly correlated with the 8th and 13th days of skeletal muscle embryonic development. Four mRNA−mRNA regulatory networks corresponding to the four significant modules were constructed and visualised using Cytoscape software. Twenty candidate mRNAs were identified based on their connectivity degrees in the networks, including Abca8b, TCONS−00004461, VWF, OGDH, TGIF1, DKK3, Gfpt1 and RFC5, etc. A KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that many pathways were related to the growth and development of pigeon skeletal muscle, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, AMPK, FAK, and thyroid hormone pathways. Five differentially expressed genes (LAST2, MYPN, DKK3, B4GALT6 and OGDH) in the network were selected, and their expression patterns were quantified by qRT−PCR. The results were consistent with our sequencing results. These findings could enhance our understanding of the gene expression and regulation in the development and growth of pigeon muscle.

scholarly journals Analysis of Transcriptional Changes in Different Brassica napus Synthetic Allopolyploids

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Yunxiao Wei ◽  
Guoliang Li ◽  
Shujiang Zhang ◽  
Shifan Zhang ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Aa Genome ◽  
High Degree

Allopolyploidy is an evolutionary and mechanistically intriguing process involving the reconciliation of two or more sets of diverged genomes and regulatory interactions, resulting in new phenotypes. In this study, we explored the gene expression patterns of eight F2 synthetic Brassica napus using RNA sequencing. We found that B. napus allopolyploid formation was accompanied by extensive changes in gene expression. A comparison between F2 and the parent shows a certain proportion of differentially expressed genes (DEG) and activation\silent gene, and the two genomes (female parent (AA)\male parent (CC) genomes) showed significant differences in response to whole-genome duplication (WGD); non-additively expressed genes represented a small portion, while Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that it played an important role in responding to WGD. Besides, genome-wide expression level dominance (ELD) was biased toward the AA genome, and the parental expression pattern of most genes showed a high degree of conservation. Moreover, gene expression showed differences among eight individuals and was consistent with the results of a cluster analysis of traits. Furthermore, the differential expression of waxy synthetic pathways and flowering pathway genes could explain the performance of traits. Collectively, gene expression of the newly formed allopolyploid changed dramatically, and this was different among the selfing offspring, which could be a prominent cause of the trait separation. Our data provide novel insights into the relationship between the expression of differentially expressed genes and trait segregation and provide clues into the evolution of allopolyploids.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma infection alters dopamine-sensitive behaviors and host gene expression patterns associated with neuropsychiatric disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham L. Cromar ◽  
Jonathan Epp ◽  
Ana Popovic ◽  
Yusing Gu ◽  
Violet Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Gene Expression Patterns ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cocaine Exposure ◽  
Multiple Testing Correction ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTToxoplasma gondii is a single celled parasite thought to infect 1 in 3 worldwide. During chronic infection, T. gondii can migrate to the brain where it promotes low-grade neuroinflammation with the capacity to induce changes in brain morphology and behavior. Consequently, infection with T. gondii has been linked with a number of neurocognitive disorders including schizophrenia (SZ), dementia, and Parkinson’s disease. Beyond neuroinflammation, infection with T. gondii can modulate the production of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine. To further dissect these pathways and examine the impact of altered dopaminergic sensitivity in T. gondii-infected mice on both behavior and gene expression, we developed a novel mouse model, based on stimulant-induced (cocaine) hyperactivity. Employing this model, we found that infection with T. gondii did not alter fear behavior but did impact motor activity and neuropsychiatric-related behaviurs. While both behaviors may help reduce predator avoidance, consistent with previous studies, the latter finding is reminiscent of neurocognitive disorders. Applying RNASeq to two relevant brain regions, striatum and hippocampus, we identified a broad upregulation of immune responses. However, we also noted significant associations with more meaningful neurologically relevant terms were masked due to the sheer number of terms incorporated in multiple testing correction. We therefore performed a more focused analysis using a curated set of neurologically relevant terms revealing significant associations across multiple pathways. We also found that T. gondii and cocaine treatments impacted the expression of similar functional pathways in the hippocampus and striatum although, as indicated by the low overlap among differentially expressed genes, largely via different proteins. Furthermore, while most differentially expressed genes reacted to a single condition and were mostly upregulated, we identified gene expression patterns indicating unexpected interactions between T. gondii infection and cocaine exposure. These include sets of genes which responded to cocaine exposure but not upon cocaine exposure in the context of T. gondii infection, suggestive of a neuroprotective effect advantageous to parasite persistence. Given its ability to uncover such complex relationships, we propose this novel model offers a new perspective to dissect the molecular pathways by which T. gondii infection contributes to neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Metadata Analysis of Ovary Based Multi-Omics Datasets for Understanding the Genes Regulating Litter Size

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayyappa Kumar Sista Kameshwar ◽  
Julang Li
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Metadata Analysis

Abstract Background : Litter size is a very important production index in the livestock industry, which is controlled by various complex physiological processes. To understand and reveal the common gene expression patterns involved in controlling prolificacy, we have performed a large-scale metadata analysis of five genome-wide transcriptome datasets of pig and sheep ovary samples obtained from high and low litter groups, respectively. We analyzed separately each transcriptome dataset using GeneSpring v14.8 software by implementing standard, generic analysis pipelines and further compared the list of most significant and differentially expressed genes obtained from each dataset to identify genes that are found to be common and significant across all the studies. Results : We have observed a total of 62 differentially expressed genes common among more than two gene expression datasets. The KEGG pathway analysis of most significant genes has shown that they are involved in metabolism, the biosynthesis of lipids, cholesterol and steroid hormones, immune system, cell growth and death, cancer-related pathways and signal transduction pathways. Of these 62 genes, we further narrowed the list to the 25 most significant genes by focusing on the ones with fold change >1.5 and p<0.05. These genes are CYP11A1, HSD17B2, STAR, SCARB1, IGSF8, MSMB, SERPINA1 , FAM46C, HEXA, PTTG1, TIMP1, FAM167B, CCNG1, FAXDC2, HMGCS1, L2HGDH, Lipin1, MME, MSMO1, PARM1, PTGFR, SLC22A4, SLC35F5, CCNA2, CENPU, CEP55, RASSF2, and SLC16A3 . Conclusions : Interestingly, comparing the list of genes with the list of genes obtained from our literature search analysis, we found only three genes in common. These genes are HEXA, PTTG1, and TIMP1. Our finding points to the potential of a few genes that may be important for ovarian follicular development and oocyte quality. Future studies revealing the function of these genes will further our understanding of how litter size is controlled in the ovary while also providing insight on genetic selection of high litter gilts.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Key Differentially Expressed Genes Associated With Metronomic Dosing of Topotecan in Human Prostate Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taraswi Mitra Ghosh ◽  
Jason White ◽  
Joshua Davis ◽  
Suman Mazumder ◽  
Teeratas Kansom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Molecular Networks ◽  
Human Prostate ◽  
Mouse Tumor ◽  
Human Prostate Cancer

Repetitive, low-dose (metronomic; METRO) drug administration of some anticancer agents can overcome drug resistance and increase drug efficacy in many cancers, but the mechanisms are not understood fully. Previously, we showed that METRO dosing of topotecan (TOPO) is more effective than conventional (CONV) dosing in aggressive human prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines and in mouse tumor xenograft models. To gain mechanistic insights into METRO-TOPO activity, in this study we determined the effect of METRO- and CONV-TOPO treatment in a panel of human PCa cell lines representing castration-sensitive/resistant, androgen receptor (+/−), and those of different ethnicity on cell growth and gene expression. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified for METRO-TOPO therapy and compared to a PCa patient cohort and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The top five DEGs were SERPINB5, CDKN1A, TNF, FOS, and ANGPT1. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis predicted several upstream regulators and identified top molecular networks associated with METRO dosing, including tumor suppression, anti-proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and inflammation. Further, the top DEGs were associated with increase survival of PCa patients (TCGA database), as well as ethnic differences in gene expression patterns in patients and cell lines representing African Americans (AA) and European Americans (EA). Thus, we have identified candidate pharmacogenomic biomarkers and novel pathways associated with METRO-TOPO therapy that will serve as a foundation for further investigation and validation of METRO-TOPO as a novel treatment option for prostate cancers.

scholarly journals Diabetes-specific modulation of peripheral blood gene expression signatures in colorectal cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Molnár ◽  
Zsófia Bánlaki ◽  
Anikó Somogyi ◽  
Zoltán Herold ◽  
Magdolna Herold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Significant Expression

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are both known to modulate gene expression patterns in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs). Objective : As T2DM has been shown to increase the incidence of CRC, we were prompted to check whether diabetes affects mRNA signatures in PBLs isolated from CRC patients. Methods : 22 patients were recruited to the study and classified into four cohorts (healthy controls; T2DM; CRC; CRC and T2DM). Relative expression levels of 573 cell signaling gene transcripts were determined by reverse transcription real-time PCR assays run on low-density OpenArray platforms. Enrichment analysis was performed with the g:GOSt profiling tool to order differentially expressed genes into functional pathways. Results : 49 genes were found to be significantly up- or downregulated in tumorous diabetic individuals as compared to tumor-free diabetic controls, while 11 transcripts were differentially regulated in patients with CRC versus healthy, tumor-free and non-diabetic controls. Importantly, these gene sets were completely distinct, implying that diabetes exerts profound influence on the transcription of signaling genes in CRC. The top 5 genes showing most significant expression differences in both contexts were PCK2, MAPK9, CCND1, HMBS, TLR3 (p≤ 0.0040) and CREBBP, PPIA, NFKBIL1, MDM2 and SELPLG (p0.0121), respectively. Functional analysis revealed that most significantly affected pathways were cytokine, interleukin and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling cascades as well as mitotic regulation. Conclusions : We propose that differentially expressed genes listed above might be potential biomarkers of CRC and should be studied further on larger patient groups. Diabetes might promote colorectal carcinogenesis by impairing signaling pathways in PBLs.

scholarly journals Bioinformatics Study on the Response of Human Endothelial Cells to Different Strains of Staphylococcus Aureus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian-ao Xie ◽  
Ke-ying Fang ◽  
Wen-chao Cao ◽  
Jie Lv ◽  
Jia-xin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Human Endothelial Cells ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Differential Genes

Abstract BackgroundStaphylococcus aureus-induced bacteremia has an impact on human health due to its high mortality rate of 20–30%. To better study the invasion process of staphylococcus aureus, we conducted a study in human endothelial cells to try to find a link between the infection process and bacteremia at the molecular level.MethodsIn this study, the datasets GSE13736, GSE82036 were analyzed using R software to identify differentially expressed genes. Only the infection samples of four different strains had differential gene expression compared to the control samples. Then the GO analysis and KEGG analysis were conducted to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network which shows the interaction and influence relationship between these differential genes. Finally, the central gene of the selected CytoHubba plug-in was verified using GraphPad Prism 8.ResultsThere were 421 differential genes in the Strain 6850, including 64 up-regulated and 357 down-regulated; There were 319 differential genes in the Strain 8325-4, including 14 up-regulated and 305 down-regulated. There were 90 differential genes in the Strain K70058396, including 12 up-regulated and 78 down-regulated. There were 876 differential genes in the Strain K1801/10, accompanied by 261 up-regulated and 615 down-regulated. An analysis of GO and KEGG revealed that these differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in pathways associated with immune response and cytokines; Verification of the hub gene can provide a molecular basis for studying the relationship between invasive endothelial infection and bacteremia.ConclusionsWe found specific gene expression patterns in endothelial cells in response to infection with Strain K70058396, and these central genes and their expression products (RSAD2, DDX58, IFITT3, and IFIH1) play a key role in this process of infection.

A three-gene expression signature model to predict neo-chemoradiotherapy response of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15135-e15135
Author(s):  
Jing Wen ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
Kongjia Luo ◽  
Yi Hu ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Gene Expression Signature ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Crt Response

e15135 Background: Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by surgery has been proved to improve survival in comparison with surgery alone. However, the outcomes of CRT are heterogeneous, and no clinical or pathological method could prediction CRT response. In this study, we aim to identify mRNA markers for ESCC CRT-response prediction. Methods: Gene expression analyses were performed on pretreatment cancer biopsies from 28 ESCCs who received neoadjuvant CRT and surgery. Surgical specimens were assessed for the pathological response to CRT. The identified differentially expressed genes were validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), based on which a classifying model was built up by Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis. The predictive power of this model was further assessed in another set of 32 ESCCs. Results: The profiling of the 28 ESCCs identified 10 differentially expressed genes with more than 2-fold changes between pathological complete responsers (pCRs) and less than pCRs (<pCRs), among which 6 genes (LIMCH1, SDPR, Clorf226, SLC9A9, GSTM3, and IGSF10) were down-regulated and 4 genes (MMP9, MMP1, MMP12 and OASL) up-regulated in pCRs versus <pCRs. A prediction model based on qPCR values of 3 genes was built up, Y=-10.388 - 0.343 × MMP1 + 0.642 × LIMCH1 + 0.921 × Clorf226 with a cut-off value of 0.607. It provided a predictive accuracy of 85.7% with leave-one-out cross-validation. Further, the predictive power of this model was validated in another set of 32 ESCCs, among which a predictive accuracy of 81.3% was achieved. Conclusions: The combination of three genes by qPCR identified by microarrays in our study provides possibility for ESCC CRT prediction, which will facilitate individualization of ESCC treatment. Further perspective validation in larger independent cohorts is warranted to fully assess the predictive power of this prediction model.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic analysis reveals distinct resistant response by physcion and chrysophanol against cucumber powdery mildew

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanping Li ◽  
Shilin Tian ◽  
Xiaojun Yang ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Yuhai Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Transcriptional Change

Physcion and chrysophanol induce defense responses against powdery mildew in cucumbers. The combination of these two compounds has synergistic interaction against the disease. We performed RNA-seq on cucumber leaf samples treated with physcion and chrysophanol alone and with their combination. We generated 17.6 Gb of high-quality sequencing data (∼2 Gb per sample) and catalogued the expressions profiles of 12,293 annotated cucumber genes in each sample. We identified numerous differentially expressed genes that exhibited distinct expression patterns among the three treatments. The gene expression patterns of the Chr and Phy treatments were more similar to each other than to the Phy × Chr treatment. The Phy × Chr treatment induced the highest number of differentially expressed genes. This dramatic transcriptional change after Phy × Chr treatment leaves reflects that physcion combined with chrysophanol treatment was most closely associated with induction of disease resistance. The analysis showed that the combination treatment caused expression changes of numerous defense-related genes. These genes have known or potential roles in structural, chemical and signaling defense responses and were enriched in functional gene categories potentially responsible for cucumber resistance. These results clearly demonstrated that disease resistance in cucumber leaves was significantly influenced by the combined physcion and chrysophanol treatment. Thus, physcion and chrysophanol are appealing candidates for further investigation of the gene expression and associated regulatory mechanisms related to the defense response.

Chronic alcohol exposure alters transcription broadly in a key integrative brain nucleus for homeostasis: the nucleus tractus solitarius

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Yolanda Covarrubias ◽  
Rishi L. Khan ◽  
Rajanikanth Vadigepalli ◽  
Jan B. Hoek ◽  
James S. Schwaber
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Chronic Alcohol ◽  
Brain Nucleus ◽  
Chronic Alcohol Exposure

Chronic exposure to alcohol modifies physiological processes in the brain, and the severe symptoms resulting from sudden removal of alcohol from the diet indicate that these modifications are functionally important. We investigated the gene expression patterns in response to chronic alcohol exposure (21–28 wk) in the rat nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), a brain nucleus with a key integrative role in homeostasis and cardiorespiratory function. Using methods and an experimental design optimized for detecting transcriptional changes less than twofold, we found 575 differentially expressed genes. We tested these genes for significant associations with physiological functions and signaling pathways using Gene Ontology terms and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, respectively. Chronic alcohol exposure resulted in significant NTS gene regulation related to the general processes of synaptic transmission, intracellular signaling, and cation transport as well as specific neuronal functions including plasticity and seizure behavior that could be related to alcohol withdrawal symptoms. The differentially expressed genes were also significantly enriched for enzymes of lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, MAP kinase signaling, and calcium signaling pathways from KEGG. Intriguingly, many of the genes we found to be differentially expressed in the NTS are known to be involved in alcohol-induced oxidative stress and/or cell death. The study provides evidence of very extensive alterations of physiological gene expression in the NTS in the adapted state to chronic alcohol exposure.

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