A public health approach to ensure equitable, person-centred solutions to address ear disease, hearing loss and deafness

Abstract Background Translation and cultural adaptation of health resources is an integral part of good health-policy development and health program implementation. As part of our efforts to address ear disease and hearing loss in the Pacific Islands, we promote the translation an cultural adaptation of hearing-related questionnaires into local languages and cultural contexts. The Pacific Islands have among the highest rates of ear and hearing disorders in the world and, given the scarcity of ear/hearing health professionals in the region, a public health approach that uses appropriately translated ear/hearing health resources is highly recommended to tackle this health issue. Although formal translation and culturally adaption of hearing-related questionnaires may seem a cumbersome process, the aim of this commentary is to illustrate the potential benefits of translating two audiology questionnaires for our use in Samoa. We have carefully selected questionnaires that will serve multiple purposes (i.e., clinical, epidemiology, monitoring and evaluation, evidence-based health policy formulation and implementation), thus making the process ultimately beneficial and worthwhile. Main body The leading cause of preventable hearing loss among Samoan adolescents and young people is excessive noise exposure to recreational and environmental noise. The Youth Attitude to Noise Scale is a validated tool that assess knowledge and attitudes of adolescents towards recreational and environmental noise, and a Samoan version should provide preliminary data to guide health promotion activities for adolescents on noise-induced hearing loss. The leading cause of hearing disability among older adult Samoans is age-related hearing loss. The Revised Hearing Handicap Inventory is a tool that assess the emotional and social/situational impact of hearing difficulty among older adults, and a Samoan version should provide preliminary data to guide the development of auditory rehabilitation services. Conclusion Investment in quality translations and cultural adaptations of hearing-related questionnaires is essential for the development of audiology services that are relevant to their Pacific Island context. The use of formally translated audiology questionnaires in research studies will optimise data quality, leading to improved hearing health promotion activities, as well as provision of evidence for advocacy for public health noise policy legislation.

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Transformation of HIV from pandemic to low-endemic levels: a public health approach to combination prevention

The Lancet ◽

10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62230-8 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 384 (9939) ◽

pp. 272-279 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

Alexandra Jones ◽

Ide Cremin ◽

Fareed Abdullah ◽

John Idoko ◽

Peter Cherutich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Public Health Approach ◽

Combination Prevention

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Examining public knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards palliative care: a mixed method sequential study

BMC Palliative Care ◽

10.1186/s12904-021-00730-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sonja McIlfatrick ◽

Paul Slater ◽

Esther Beck ◽

Olufikayo Bamidele ◽

Sharon McCloskey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Palliative Care ◽

End Of Life ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Care Delivery ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Public Understanding ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Public Health Approach ◽

Cross Sectional Survey

Abstract Background Palliative care is recognised as a public health issue with the need for earlier integration in the wider healthcare system. However, research indicates that it continues to be accessed late in the course of an illness, public understanding of palliative care is limited, and common misconceptions prevail. Strategies to address this are needed in order to reduce barriers to palliative care delivery and improve access. Methods An explanatory sequential mixed methods study, comprising a cross-sectional survey and interviews was undertaken. Sociodemographic characteristics, public awareness, knowledge and perceptions of palliative care were examined and strategies to raise awareness and overcome barriers within a public health framework were identified. Survey data were analysed using SPSS v25 with factor analysis and non-parametric statistics and qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results A total of 1201 participants completed the survey (58.3% female, mean age 61 years) and 25 took part in interviews. A fifth of participants (20.1%) had previously heard about palliative care and had an accurate understanding of the term. Being female, higher educated, married, and older, increased respondents’ levels of awareness. The three most commonly held misconceptions included: Palliative care is exclusively for people who are in the last 6 months of life (55.4% answered incorrectly); A goal of palliative care is to address any psychological issues brought up by serious illness (42.2% answered incorrectly); and a goal of palliative care is to improve a person’s ability to participate in daily activities (39.6% answered incorrectly). Talking about palliative and end of life care was advocated but societal taboos restricted this occurring with exposure limited to personal experience. Conclusions Current knowledge gaps and misconceptions derived from limited ad hoc personal experiences and fear of engaging in taboo conversations may deter people from accessing integrated palliative care services early in a disease trajectory. The results indicate the need for public education programmes that move beyond merely raising awareness but provide key messages within a public health approach, which may change attitudes to palliative care thus ultimately improving end of life outcomes.

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31.2 Taking a Public Health Approach to Providing Trauma-Informed Services in Schools for Immigrant and Other Ethnic Minority Students

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.jaac.2018.07.193 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 57 (10) ◽

pp. S45

Author(s):

Sheryl Kataoka

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Ethnic Minority ◽

Minority Students ◽

Public Health Approach ◽

Ethnic Minority Students ◽

Trauma Informed

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Determinants of positive mental health: a path model

Mental Health Review Journal ◽

10.1108/mhrj-05-2013-0018 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 47-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nima S. Ganga ◽

V. Raman Kutty ◽

Immanuel Thomas

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Mental Health ◽

Latent Variables ◽

Positive Mental Health ◽

Path Model ◽

Primary Data ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Public Health Approach ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Content Type

Purpose – A public health approach for promoting mental health has become a major health policy agenda of many governments. Despite this worldwide attention on research addressing population mental health and general wellbeing, very little is heard on positive mental health from the low-and middle-income countries. This paper aims to present an attempt to develop a model of positive mental health among young people. This could be used for integrating the concept of positive mental health (PMH) into public health interventions. Design/methodology/approach – The study was conducted in the state of Kerala, India. The paper administered the “Achutha Menon Centre Positive Mental health Scale” to a sample of 453 (230 men and 223 women) in the age group 18-24, along with an interview schedule exploring the relationship of PMH with many explanatory variables such as sex, beliefs, religion, education, employment and social capital. The paper developed an input path model through a series of multiple regressions explaining the levels of PMH in the community, which was then tested statistically (using AMOS version 7.0). The input model was created by identifying the determinants and correlates of PMH based on their predictive power on the outcome variable, the PMH score. The input diagram was used to test the model fit of the data. Findings – The path model (Figure 1) clearly specified the determinants of PMH. Among them, the variables that have a direct determinant effect on PMH are: quality of home learning environment, employment status, education status, marital status, self-perception on possession of skills, happiness with life, membership in social organizations and socializing capability. Research limitations/implications – In this study, path model is used to confirm relationships among observed and latent variables. The path diagram assesses the comparative strength of the correlations between the variables and does not test the directionality. Or, the model itself cannot prove causation. Practical implications – Determinants of PMH those are amenable to interventions as well as those which help in recognizing characteristic groups for intervention could help to plan future intervention programs. Originality/value – Original paper based on primary data collected through a cross-sectional survey.

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