scholarly journals Effect of sowing rate and date on establishment and growth of Trichloris crinita, a native American pasture grass from arid environments, in the Arid Chaco of Argentina

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-279
Author(s):  
Deolindo L.E. Domínguez ◽  
Pedro R. Namur ◽  
Pablo F. Cavagnaro

In arid regions, revegetation with locally adapted native species can improve forage production and help ameliorate soil degradation. We investigated the effects of 3 sowing dates and 3 sowing rates of Trichloris crinita cv. Chamical-INTA, a perennial forage grass native to arid and semi-arid regions, on pasture establishment parameters in the Argentinian Arid Chaco phytogeographical region. Sowing date significantly influenced plant density and soil coverage at the end of the growing season, with the latest sowing date increasing mean plant density and soil coverage by 42‒66% and 16‒38%, respectively, relative to the 1st and 2nd dates. Conversely, the later sowing dates (2nd and 3rd dates) exhibited significantly lower mean values for all plant growth-related traits, i.e. tillers per plant, plant height and percentage of flowering plants. Sowing rate had a strong effect on plant density at the end of the growing season but not on plant growth parameters. Under the conditions of this study, using intermediate sowing densities (7.5 kg seed/ha) and sowing early in the season, when temperatures were still mild, delivered the best results in terms of pasture density and establishment efficacy. Early sowing resulted in a greater percentage of flowering plants and seed set prior to the first winter frosts, which should ensure ongoing establishment of plants in the next wet season. Longer-term studies to examine the survival of plants and possible increase in plant density over time are necessary to determine if this procedure has sustainable benefits for pastures in the area.

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Ferraris ◽  
DA Charles-Edwards

Well-watered crops of sweet sorghum (cv. Wray) and forage sorghum (cv. Silk) were grown in south-eastern Queensland. Treatments consisted of four sowing dates, two intra-row spacings and harvests taken at six physiological growth stages from the third ligule to 3 weeks after grain maturity. Plant density effects on the concentration of sugars and nitrogen were slight, and changes in yields of these components were a function of density effects on dry matter yields. At any growth stage, the concentration of sugars in both cultivars was decreased with delay in sowing date. The delay in sowing date led to an increased nitrogen concentration in cv. Wray, but in cv. Silk the nitrogen concentration was highest in early and late sowings. At maturity, the concentration of sugars in cv. Wray averaged 40'70, 10 times the level in cv. Silk. In both cultivars, accumulation was a near linear function of either time or radiation sum. The partitioning of carbohydrate differed little between cultivars but altered with their ontogeny. The efficiency of light use for sugars production was greater in cv. Wray and altered with ontogeny. In contrast, concentration of nitrogen was similar for both cultivars and decreased curvilinearly with time or degree days. The partitioning of nitrogen altered with ontogeny and the amount partitioned to leaf material was greater in cv. Silk pre-anthesis but was less post-anthesis. Yield of stem sugars in cv. Wray exceeded 10 t ha-1 when the crops were sown early in the season, but was only 3 t ha-1 with late-sown crops.


2012 ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Ádám Lente

In the crop season of 2010 (rainy year), we studied the effect of three agrotechnical factors (sowing time, fertilization, plant density) and four different genotypes on the agronomical characteristics of sweet corn on chernozem soil in the Hajdúság. The experiments were carried out at the Látókép Experimental Farm of the University of Debrecen. In the experiment, two sowing dates (27 April, 26 May), six fertilization levels (control, N30+PK, N60+PK, N90+PK, N120+PK, N150+PK) and four genotypes (Jumbo, Enterprise, Prelude, Box-R) were used at two plant densities (45 thousand plants ha-1, 65 thousand plants ha-1). The amount of precipitation in the season of 2010 was 184 mm higher, while the average temperature was 0.8 oC higher in the studied months than the average of 30 years. Weather was more favourable for sweet maize at the first sowing date, if we consider the yields, however, if we evaluate the agronomical data and yield elements (number of cobs, cob length and diameter, the number of kernel rows, the number of kernels per row) it can be stated that the size of the fertile cobs was greater at the second sowing date due to the lower number of cobs. The largest number of fertile cobs was harvested in the case of the hybrid Enterprise (72367.9 ha-1) in the higher plant density treatment (65 thousand ha-1) at the fertilization level of N120+PK when the first sowing date was applied. The largest cobs were harvested from the hybrid Box-R (cob weight with husks: 516.7 g, number of kernels in one row: 45.7) at the lower plant density (45 thousand plants ha-1) in the second sowing date treatment. Cob diameter and the number of kernel rows were the highest for the hybrid Prelude.


Author(s):  
O. Demydov ◽  
I. Pravdziva ◽  
V. Hudzenko ◽  
O. Demyanyuk ◽  
N. Vasylenko

In the ecological conditions of the central part of the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe (The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat, NAAS of Ukraine) the influence of growing season conditions (2016-17–2018-19), sowing dates (September 26, October 5, October 16) and different preceding crops (green manure, mustard, soybean, sunflower, corn) on variability of 1000 kernel weight of seventeen modern genotypes of winter wheat was investigated. Under environments of the central part of the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe, significant variability in the trait depending on the factors under study was revealed. Part of sum square for the growing season conditions in the variation of 1000 kernel weight of winter wheat was the most (63.2%). Part of sum square for genotype was 7.0%, for preceding crop it was 4.8%, for sowing dates it was 0.4%. In terms of growing season, the variation in part of sum square was 23.5–30.1% for genotype, 12.7–39.8% for preceding crop, 0.8–6.1% for sowing date, and 2.0–26.5% for interactions between them. During the period of the study, on average for all genotypes, the maximum 1000 kernel weight was obtained after green manure (42.6 g), the least one was after soybean (39.0 g). When changing the sowing dates from September 26 to October 16, it was revealed a general tendency of decrease 1000 kernel weight after the preceding crops mustard, sunflower, corn, and soybean. Significant differences in the response of genotypes under study on the sowing dates after different preceding crops were revealed. The most influence on 1000 kernel weight was established for preceding crops in the variety MIP Darunok and for sowing dates in the variety MIP Vidznaka. There were distinguished the varieties Trudivnytsia myronivska, Balada myronivska, MIP Dniprianka, Avrora myronivska, MIP Darunok which significantly exceeded the standard by 1000 kernel weight on average through the growing season conditions, sowing dates, and preceding crops.


2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-329
Author(s):  
Robert F. Heyduck ◽  
Steven J. Guldan ◽  
Ivette Guzmán

In a two-part study, we examined the effect of sowing date and harvest schedule on the yield of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) grown during the winter in 16 × 32-ft-high tunnels in northern New Mexico. Each part of the study was conducted for two growing seasons and took place between 2012 and 2015. In Study A (2012–13 and 2013–14), spinach was sown four times at roughly 2-week intervals (mid-October, early November, mid-November, and early December) and plant density (plants per square foot), plant height (centimeters), and yield (grams per square foot) were measured for three harvests in mid-January, mid-February, and mid-March. The earliest sowing date had the least-dense stands, and plant density increased with each subsequent sowing. The two earliest sowing dates had significantly higher season-long yield than the later two sowings. In Study B (2013–14 and 2014–15), all plots were sown in mid-October, but harvest schedule treatments were staggered such that harvests began at 9, 11, 13, or 15 weeks after sowing and continued at irregular intervals. Treatment 2, with harvests beginning after 11 weeks, had the greatest season-long yield, slightly greater than when harvests began at 9 weeks, and significantly more than when harvest began 13 weeks or later. More importantly, a staggered harvest schedule can provide spinach weekly for direct marketing opportunities.


Author(s):  
O. A. Demydov ◽  
◽  
V. М. Hudzenko ◽  
І. V. Pravdziva ◽  
N. V. Vasylenko ◽  
...  

The study aimed to identifying peculiarities of formation and variability of grain test weight in winter bread wheat genotypes depending on the growing season conditions, sowing dates and different preceding crops. The studies were conducted at The V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of the NAAS of Ukraine during 2016-17–2018-19 growing seasons. There were estimated 17 winter bread wheat genotypes that were sown in three sowing dates after five preceding crops. Test weight was evaluated according to the State Standard 10840–64. Statistical processing was performed with using programs Statistica 8.0, Excel 2013. It was revealed the significant effect of growing season conditions on grain test weight in winter bread wheat varieties in environments of Ukrainian Forest-Steppe. Significant differences in responses of the genotypes under study on sowing date after different preceding crops were revealed. The most effect of sowing dates on test weight was established in the variety MIP Vidznaka, while the most effect of preceding crops was established in the varieties MIP Yuvileina, Podolianka, MIP Lada, and MIP Darunok. In general, maximal test weight was formed after green manure and the minimal one was after soybeans as preceding crop. The general tendency of decrease in grain test weight with shift in sowing dates from September 26 to October 16 after preceding crops green manure, mustard, sunflower, soybeans was revealed. The sowing date October 05 was optimal for the varieties MIP Valensiia, Estafeta myronivska, MIP Lada after green manure, for the varieties Podolianka, Trudivnytsia myronivska, Hratsiia myronivska, MIP Dniprianka, MIP Lada after mustard, for the varieties Podolianka, Trudivnytsia myronivska, Balada myronivska, Hratsiia myronivska, MIP Assol after sunflower, for the varieties Trudivnytsia myronivska, Estafeta myronivska after maize, for the varieties Podolianka, Trudivnytsia myronivska after soybeans. The varieties MIP Vyshyvanka, Trudivnytsia myronivska, Balada myronivska, Estafeta myronivska, MIP Dniprianka, MIP Vidznaka, and MIP Yuvileina were identified which exceeded significantly the standard variety Podolianka in test weight on average by years of the research, sowing dates, and preceding crops.


2018 ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
Ákos Tótin ◽  
Péter Pepó

Maize has high productivity and produces huge vegetative and generative phytomass, but this crop is very sensitive to agroecological (mainly to climatic, partly to pedological conditions) and agrotechnical circumstances. In Hungary, maize is grown on 1.1–1.2 million hectares, the national average yields vary between 4–7 t ha-1 depending on the year and the intensity of production technology. The longterm experiment was set up in 2015–2016 on chernozem soil in the Hajdúság (eastern Hungary). The maize research was set up on chernozem soil at the Látókép MÉK (Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management) research area of the University of Debrecen. We examined the following commonly used hybrids of Hungary: SY ARIOSO (FAO 300), P9074 (FAO 310), P9486 (FAO 360), SY Octavius (FAO 400), GK Kenéz (FAO 410), DKC 4943 (FAO 410). The experiment was set up in three different plant densities. These were 60, 76, 90 thousand plant ha-1. The experiment was set up with three different sowing dates, early, average and late sowing. The yield was measured using a special plot harvester (Sampo Rosenlew 2010), measuring the weight of the harvested plot and also taking a sample from it. As a next step, we calculated the yield (t ha-1) of each plot at 14% of moisture content to compare them to each other. We evaluated the obtained data using Microsoft Excel 2015.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252393
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ijaz ◽  
Ahmad Nawaz ◽  
Sami Ul-Allah ◽  
Ahmad Sher ◽  
Abdul Sattar ◽  
...  

Peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) is an important nut crop extensively grown in rainfed regions of Pakistan. The crop requires low inputs; thus, could grow successfully under diverse environmental conditions. Due to pegging ability, peanut grows aggressively in sandy and sandy-loam soils. However, it has not introduced to Thal region of southern Punjab, Pakistan. A two-year field experiment was conducted to optimize sowing dates for two peanut genotypes (‘BARI-2016’ and ‘NO-334’) in Thal region (Layyah). Similarly, a yield trial was conducted at Chakwal where both genotypes are extensively grown. Five sowing dates (10th April, 1st May, 20th May, 10th June and 30th June) were included in the study. The highest seed yield was obtained with early sown crop (10th April) during both years. Pod formation reduced with increasing atmospheric temperature and no pods were formed on the plants sown on 30th June. Decreased pod formation seemed a major reason for low yield in late-sown crop. The highest yield was observed for the crop sown on 10th April, which was decreased by 40% for the crop sown on 1st May. Genotype ‘BARI-2016’ performed better for seed yield at both locations compared with ‘NO-334’. The results suggested that genotype ‘BARI-2016’ is more adaptive to arid and semi-arid condition under rainfed or irrigated conditions. Sowing peanut at optimum time would increase seed yield in arid and semi-arid regions. Nonetheless, ‘BARI-2016’ can be grown under rainfed and irrigated conditions successfully.


2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-270
Author(s):  
Entessar Al-Jbawi ◽  
Waeel Sabsabi ◽  
Gharibo Gharibo ◽  
Abd El-Muhsien Al-Sayed Omar

This experiment was conducted in Homs Agricultural Research Station, Homs, Syria during 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 seasons to study the effect of sowing date and plant density on bolting for four sugar beet varieties, tow are monogerm varieties i.e. Parade and Etna, while the other are multigerm varieties i.e. Nadir and Mammoth. Three sowing dates were applied, began from 15/9 to 15/10, the interval between the sowing dates was 15 days. Three plant densities were executed (133 000, 100 000 and 80 000 plantha-1). Split plot design was used with three replicates. The combined analysis exhibited the significant effect of varieties (V), sowing dates (S), and plant densities (D) on all types of bolting (Early, medium, late and total). Least significant test (L.S.D 0.05) clarified that early autumn sowing (15/9 and 1/10) increased total bolting percent 74.86 and 44.88 % respectively, as compared with date (15/10) 15.57% (control). The plant density (133 000 plant ha-1) decreased total bolting percent 43.56% as compared with the other plant densities (80 000 and 100 000 plant ha-1) 46.35 and 45.40% respectively. The results showed that the monogerm varieties were superior and more resistant to bolting as compared with the multigerm ones. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i2.12647 International Journal of Environment Vol.4(2) 2015: 256-270


2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Hamid MADANI ◽  
Christos DORDAS ◽  
Ahad MADANI ◽  
Mohammad-Ali MOTASHAREI ◽  
Shima FARRI

Chicory is considered one of the alternatives crops that can be used in crop rotation and contains many phytochemicals that can be used in medicine. In addition, lengthening the growing season by early sowing may increase root chicory yield potential, and thus increase its competitiveness with traditional crops. The objectives of the present study were to determine whether early sowing date risks can be decreased by higher sowing density and also to study the effect of sowing date and sowing density on dry matter accumulation and partitioning of chicory. Growing season did not affect any of the characteristics that were studied. Also plant density affected the flowers biomass, root biomass per plant and the respective yield together with the plant height and essence yield and total yield. The sowing date affected the leaf, flower and stem biomass on a plant basis. However, the interaction between plant density and sowing date affected the total biomass per plant, the flower biomass per plant, the root biomass per plant, the flower yield, the root yield and the essence yield. These results indicate that for higher production it is important to determine the right plant density and sowing date which can affect growth, dry matter accumulation and essence yield.


2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
O. A. Isachkova ◽  
A. O. Loginova ◽  
E. A. Egushova

The results of studying naked oat yield indicators depending on different sowing dates and seeding rates are presented. The study was carried out in 2016-2020 in a field experiment in Western Siberia. Samples of different groups of the crop ripeness were studied: mid-early variety Gavrosh and mid-ripening variety Ofenya. The duration of the growing season of naked oats was influenced by meteorological factors. There was a tendency observed for a decrease in the duration of interphase periods and the growing season as a whole from an early sowing date to a later one by 4-10 days for the Gavrosh variety and by 8-10 days for the Ofenya variety. The yield of the Gavrosh variety at an early sowing period significantly exceeded the same indicator at a mid-period by 17.6% and at a late period - by 19.0%, of the Ofenya variety - by 10.9% and 16.2%, respectively. The increase in the yield for the early sowing period of the mid-early variety Gavrosh relative to the middle and late sowing dates was determined by a larger grain size (r = 0.6929 ... 0.9535 at R = 0.5140). For the midripening variety Ofenya, the number of productive stems per unit area (r = 0.7444 ... 0.9054 with R = 0.5140) and the weight of 1000 grains (r = 0.5350 ... 0.8297 at R = 0.5140) were of more importance in the years of research on all variants. The most optimal seeding rate for naked oat varieties is 5.0-6.0 million germinating grains/ha. At this rate, it was not the maximum manifestation of individual indicators of the yield structural elements, but a combination of their average values was noted.


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