scholarly journals Maxillofacial Radiology 192

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (07) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Chané Nel ◽  
Liam Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Maxillofacial Radiology ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diagnostic Hypothesis ◽  
Left Parotid Gland

A 64-year-old male patient, who is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive on treatment, presented with atwo-year history of a painful swelling involving the left parotid gland. Cone beam computerised tomographic (CBCT) imaging was performed (Figures A-D). What are the pertinent radiological findings and your diagnostic hypothesis?

Pneumocystis carinii infection in bilateral aural polyps in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient

2002 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. Praveen ◽  
R. M. Terry ◽  
M. Elmahallawy ◽  
C. Horsfield
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Positive Patient ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii Infection

Pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic infection found in patients with impaired immunity. Under favourable conditions the parasite can spread via the blood stream or lymphatic vessels and cause extrapulmonary dissemination. We report a case of P carinii infection presenting as bilateral aural polyps, otitis media and mastoiditis in human immunodeficiency (HIV)-positive patient with no history of prior or concomitant P carinii infection.

scholarly journals Reversible Thrombocytopenia after Gabapentin in an HIV-Positive Patient

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Mohammed Basith ◽  
Andrew Francis ◽  
Alfredo Bellon
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Inpatient Psychiatric Care ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Us ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Severe Anxiety

Gabapentin has become increasingly used in psychiatric practice specifically for anxiety disorders. Even though gabapentin is not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat anxiety, physicians sometimes use it as an alternative to benzodiazepines in patients with a history of substance abuse. Gabapentin is also prescribed when individuals are at risk of thrombocytopenia which is not considered a side effect. Among patients at risk of thrombocytopenia are those positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Here we present a case of an HIV-positive man who presented for inpatient psychiatric care with severe anxiety and a history of alcohol and benzodiazepine abuse. In this patient, gabapentin worsened thrombocytopenia after repeated exposure to this medication. We suggest caution when considering gabapentin for patients with preexisting low platelet counts, as there seems to be a risk for worsening thrombocytopenia with this antiepileptic in the presence of HIV infection.

scholarly journals Human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis co-infection in Saudi Arabia

2002 ◽  
Vol 08 (06) ◽  
pp. 749-753
Author(s):  
A. A. Alrajhi ◽  
A. Nematallah ◽  
S. Abdulwahab ◽  
Z. Bukhary
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
First Line ◽  
Patient History ◽  
Hiv Seroprevalence ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Treatment Type ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of

Our study determined the rate of screening tuberculosis patients for HIV co-infection and the HIV seroprevalence among them. We retrospectively reviewed medical charts of 437 patients diagnosed with tuberculosis from 1995-2000 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Screening was done for 178 [41%] patients: 2 [1.1%] of these were found to be HIV positive. Prior to screening, 4 patients were already known to be HIV positive. Males were screened more often than females [45% and 36% respectively]. All HIV positive patients were males. Screening was not affected by origin of the patient, history of prior tuberculosis or treatment, type of tuberculosis involvement or resistance to first line anti-tuberculosis agents. In Saudi Arabia, screening for HIV in tuberculosis patients remains underutilized. Among screened patients, seropositivity was low.

scholarly journals Disparities in CD4+ T-Lymphocyte Monitoring Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Medicaid Beneficiaries: Evidence of Differential Treatment at the Point of Care

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna C. Davis ◽  
Greg Watson ◽  
Nadereh Pourat ◽  
Gerald F. Kominski ◽  
Dylan H. Roby
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Fee For Service ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medicaid Beneficiaries ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Abstract Background.  Monitoring of immune function, measured by CD4+ T-lymphocyte (CD4) cell count, is an essential service for people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Prescription of antiretroviral (ARV) medications is contingent on CD4 cell count; patients without regular CD4 monitoring are unlikely to receive ARVs when indicated. This study assesses disparities in CD4 monitoring among HIV-positive Medicaid beneficiaries. Methods.  In this retrospective observational study, we examined 24 months of administrative data on 2250 HIV-positive, continuously enrolled, fee-for-service, Medicaid beneficiaries with at least 2 outpatient healthcare encounters. We used logistic regression to evaluate the association of patient demographics (age, gender, race or ethnicity, and language) with receipt of at least 1 CD4 test per year, controlling for other potentially confounding variables. Results.  Having a history of ARV therapy was positively associated with receipt of CD4 tests. We found racial or ethnic, gender, and age disparities in CD4 testing. Among individuals with a history of ARV use, all racial or ethnic groups were significantly less likely to have CD4 tests than White non-Latinos (African Americans, odds ratio [OR] = 0.35, P < .0001; Asian or Pacific Islanders, OR = 0.31, P = .0047; and Latinos, OR = 0.42, P < .0001). Conclusions.  We identified disparities in receipt of CD4 tests, a finding that may elucidate one potential pathway for previously reported disparities in ARV treatment. Further qualitative and quantitative research is needed to identify the specific factors that account for these disparities, so that appropriate interventions can be implemented.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Adolescents: The First 50 Patients in a New York City Program

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna Futterman ◽  
Karen Hein ◽  
Nancy Reuben ◽  
Ralph Dell ◽  
Nathan Shaffer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
New York City ◽  
High Risk ◽  
York City ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Survival Sex ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hiv Negative

To address the unique manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among adolescents aged 13 through 21 years, a comprehensive evaluation and treatment program for high-risk and HIV-positive adolescents was developed in New York City in 1987. Among HIV-infected youth, mean age of testing was 18.2 years. One third of the HIV-positive patients were female and four fifths were African-American or Hispanic. No significant differences were found between HIV-positive (n = 50) and HIV-negative (n = 43) patients for age at first intercourse, injecting or other illicit drug use, history of sexually transmitted diseases, or survival sex (exchange of sex for money or drugs). HIV-positive males were more likely than HIV-negative males to have engaged in anal intercourse and to report a history of sexual abuse. Among infected females, 82% acquired HIV through heterosexual intercourse. Almost half (48%) of HIV-positive adolescents had significant immune dysfunction at the time of their initial visit (CD4 <500/mm3) and were eligible for zidovudine. Many HIV-positive adolescents continued high-risk behaviors such as intercourse without condoms, particularly those with ongoing dependence on drugs or alcohol. With the epidemic of HIV infection increasing nationwide among adolescents, specialized, comprehensive programs are needed to counsel and treat HIV-infected adolescents and youth in high-risk situations.

scholarly journals Human Herpes Virus-8-Associated Multicentric Castleman's Disease in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Patient with a Previous History of Kaposi's Sarcoma

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan Huang ◽  
Gavin Low
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Castleman’S Disease ◽  
Positive Patient ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Human Herpes ◽  
Human Herpes Virus 8 ◽  
Human Herpes Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of

Human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8)–associated Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare non-cancerous B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. We report a case of HHV-8–associated CD in an HIV-positive patient with a previous history of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). The patient presented with progressive splenomegaly and diffuse lymphadenopathy, which can be seen in multicentric CD, KS, and HIV-associated lymphoma. There are no reliable clinical or imaging features to differentiate these diseases. Lymph node biopsy confirmed HHV-8–associated CD and excluded KS and lymphoma. Due to differences in treatment options and prognosis between the three etiologies, it is important for radiologists to include HHV-8–associated CD in the differential diagnosis when encountering HIV-positive patients that present with diffuse lymphadenopathy.

Coexistence of metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix with human immunodeficiency virus infection

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-337
Author(s):  
J. Balega ◽  
T. M. Ulbright ◽  
K. Y. Look
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection ◽  
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Neuroendocrine Carcinomas

Abstract.Balega J, Ulbright TM, Look KY. Coexistence of metastatic neuroendorcine carcinoma of the uterine cervix with human immunodeficiency virus infection.Women now constitute 28% of new cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Cervical cancer in HIV-infected women has a high recurrence and death rate, as well as decreased intervals to recurrence and death. Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the cervix are characterized by a high frequency of early nodal and distant metastases.We present the first report of a neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix in an HIV-positive patient. A 28 year old with a 9-year history of HIV succumbed to metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix 5 months after diagnosis.Given the aggressive nature of the cell type, an extended metastatic workup should be considered prior to surgery. The immune suppression present in HIV-positive patients with neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma may make such a workup particularly crucial, such that surgery is offered only to those who can be expected to benefit.

scholarly journals Influence of boarding secondary school environment on HIV positive students in South Western Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Bernard Kihumuro ◽  
David Jolly Muganzi ◽  
Elton George Wandira ◽  
Racheal Alinaiswe ◽  
Jovitah Joselyne Nanyunja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Negative Coping ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Background The number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive adolescents in secondary school has increased over the years. Little is known on how the students cope to the pressures and demands of their academic and health lives in the boarding secondary schools. This study explored the factors surrounding their anti-retroviral therapy adherence as well as their experiences. Methods We did a qualitative study that employed in-depth interviews amongst purposively selected 19 HIV positive adolescent students in boarding secondary school and seven key informants. Key informants were members of boarding secondary school staff directly taking care of the adolescents living with human immune virus and had spent at least two academic terms in that school. The study participants were recruited from four health facilities in Bushenyi district, southwestern Uganda, and key informants from five boarding secondary schools in Bushenyi. These were engaged in in-depth interviews using an interview guide. Data was transcribed, coded and the content analyzed thematically. Results Adolescents living with human immunodeficiency virus in boarding secondary school face challenges similar to adolescents outside boarding school settings. However, some challenges are unique to them. Students faced numerous barriers which made it difficult to adhere to their medication. Stigmatization in its different forms was also a major challenge amongst students. Willingness disclosure of serostatus was beneficial to the students since it guaranteed support while at school; facilitating adherence and better living. However, students were uneasy to disclose their status. Some students adopted negative coping mechanisms such as telling lies, escaping from school, and class to access medication. Conclusions Adolescents in boarding secondary schools face similar challenges as compared to their counterparts with some being unique to them. Few school mechanisms help these students to cope while at school. Limited disclosure has proven useful but some adolescents have opted not to disclose their status and hence used negative coping mechanisms. These challenges need to be addressed and a safe environment to encourage limited disclosure should be made.

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