Clinicopathological characteristics of cats with signs of feline lower urinary tract disease in the Czech Republic

A total of 214 cats with signs of feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) were assessed in this study. There were 81.30% males (82.20% of them neutered) and 18.70% females (80.00% of them spayed) with an age range from 9 months to 17 years (mean 5.1 ± 3.7). Most of the cats (111; 51.90%) were diagnosed with feline idiopathic cystitis; in 57 (26.60%) cats, uroliths were detected. A urinary tract infection (UTI) as well as urethral plugs were diagnosed in 23 cats (10.75%). In 100 cats, a non-obstructive form of feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) was present; in 114 cats (exclusively males) a urethral obstruction was diagnosed. Most of the cats (141; 65.90%) were indoor-housed. The cats with the UTI were significantly older when compared to the other cases of FLUTD. The most common clinical signs reported by the owners were dysuria (39.70%), oliguria/anuria (31.30%), and vomiting (24.80%). In the cats with the urethral obstruction, oliguria/anuria and non-specific systemic signs were dominant whereas in the non-obstructive form, signs of a lower urinary tract disease were more frequent. The urine specific gravity ranged from 1.008 to 1.080, while in the cats diagnosed with UTI, it was significantly lower than the other cats. Haematuria was the most common finding within the urinalysis which was diagnosed in 181 cats (84.60%): macroscopic haematuria was present in 94 patients (43.90%), microscopic haematuria was present in 87 cats (40.70%). Pyuria was found in 36 cats (16.80%). In the UTI cats, the most common bacterial isolate was E. coli. Results of our study are in agreement with previous reports of FLUTD in various countries, with idiopathic cystitis as the most common cause.

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Feline lower urinary tract disease in a German cat population

Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K Kleintiere / Heimtiere ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1623769 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 42 (04) ◽

pp. 231-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

C. Remer ◽

C. Sauter-Louis ◽

K. Hartmann ◽

R. Dorsch

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Lower Urinary Tract ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Urine Specific Gravity ◽

Similar Frequency ◽

Age Related ◽

Common Diagnosis ◽

Tract Disease ◽

Lower Urinary

Summary Objective: To investigate epidemiologic data, clinical signs, results of urinalysis and causes of lower urinary tract disease in a German veterinary hospital population of cats and to determine if the demographic data, history, clinical signs and urinalysis results correlate with a particular etiology. Materials and methods: Cats presented with signs of feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) with a documented history and physical examination, a complete urinalysis (urine specific gravity, urine dipstick and sediment, urine culture) of urine obtained by cystocentesis or catheterization, and diagnostic imaging of the urinary tract were included into the study. Cats that had received a previous treatment during the same episode of FLUTD were excluded. Results: A total of 302 cats were included into the study. Cats with FLUTD presented throughout the seasons with similar frequency. The most common diagnosis was feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) (55.0%), followed by bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI) (18.9%), urethral plug (10.3%) and urolithiasis (7.0%). Urethral obstruction was significantly more frequent in cats with FIC than in cats with UTI. Cats with FIC and urethral plugs were significantly younger and had significantly higher body weights than cats with UTI and neoplasia. FIC and urethral plugs were significantly more common causes of FLUTD in cats younger than 10 years compared to cats that were 10 years or older (65.2% versus [vs.] 35.8% and 13.3% vs. 3.0%), while the incidences of UTI and neoplasia increased with age (12.9% vs. 41.8% and 1.0% vs. 13.4%). Conclusion and clinical relevance: FIC and UTI are the most common diagnoses in cats with FLUTD, with a significant age-related difference in incidence.

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Evaluation of clinical signs and causes of lower urinary tract disease in Polish cats

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/170/2016-vetmed ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 62 (No. 7) ◽

pp. 386-393 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. Lew-Kojrys ◽

E. Mikulska-Skupien ◽

A. Snarska ◽

W. Krystkiewicz ◽

A. Pomianowski

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Lower Urinary Tract ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Urethral Obstruction ◽

Veterinary Clinic ◽

Tract Disease ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Lower Urinary

This paper describes the results of a retrospective study performed on 385 cats with feline lower urinary tract disease. The study was conducted to obtain epidemiological data and to evaluate clinical symptoms and the results of laboratory tests in a population of Polish cats with symptoms of lower urinary tract disease. The analysed population comprised feline patients of the veterinary clinic at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn who had not been treated prior to admission. Medical history was obtained for all patients. Urine samples were collected mostly, but not solely, by cystocentesis. Feline idiopathic cystitis was diagnosed in most cats (60.7%), while urinary tract infections were noted in only 7.8% of patients. Urethral obstruction caused by mucus plugs was observed in 17.4% of animals. Urolithiasis was observed in 13% of cats, 5% of whom were also diagnosed with urinary tract infections. Hyperplastic changes were identified in only 1% of the studied population. In 59% of cats, feline lower urinary tract disease was accompanied by urethral obstruction. Cats with feline idiopathic cystitis were the youngest animals in the analysed population, and the risk of urinary tract infections and neoplasia increased with age. Our results, obtained over a period of six years in a Polish feline population, show that sex, neutering, age, living conditions and diet influence the type of urinary tract disease, data which are consistent with those obtained in other countries.

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Prevalence of bacterial species in cats with clinical signs of lower urinary tract disease: Recognition of Staphylococcus felis as a possible feline urinary tract pathogen

Veterinary Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.11.025 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 121 (1-2) ◽

pp. 182-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Annette Litster ◽

Susan M. Moss ◽

Mary Honnery ◽

Bob Rees ◽

Darren J. Trott

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Lower Urinary Tract ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Tract Pathogen ◽

Tract Disease ◽

Lower Urinary

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Influence of vestibulovaginal stenosis, pelvic bladder, and recessed vulva on response to treatment for clinical signs of lower urinary tract disease in dogs: 38 cases (1990-1999)

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association ◽

10.2460/javma.2002.221.995 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 221 (7) ◽

pp. 995-999 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Jason T. Crawford ◽

William M. Adams

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Lower Urinary Tract ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Tract Disease ◽

Lower Urinary

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Evaluation of clinical signs and causes of lower urinary tract disease in European cats

Journal of Small Animal Practice ◽

10.1111/j.1748-5827.2005.tb00288.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 46 (12) ◽

pp. 571-577 ◽

Cited By ~ 93

Author(s):

B. Gerber ◽

F. S. Boretti ◽

S. Kley ◽

P. Laluha ◽

C. Muller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Lower Urinary Tract ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Tract Disease ◽

Lower Urinary

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Causes of lower urinary tract disease in Czech cat population

Acta Veterinaria Brno ◽

10.2754/avb201988040433 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 88 (4) ◽

pp. 433-441

Author(s):

Barbora Hřibová ◽

Václav Ceplecha ◽

Kristína Řeháková ◽

Pavel Proks ◽

Vojtěch Gabriel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Lower Urinary Tract ◽

Small Animal ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Urine Specific Gravity ◽

Urine Sediment ◽

Tract Disease ◽

Lower Urinary

This study was done to investigate epidemiological data and to report causes of lower urinary tract disease in a population of cats presented at the Small Animal Clinic of the University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno. Cats presented with lower urinary tract disease signs that had undergone a thorough physical examination and urinalysis (dipstick, urine specific gravity, urine sediment and dipslide urine culture) were included in the study. Urine samples were collected only by cystocentesis or sterile catheterization. Bloodwork, abdominal ultrasound, and abdominal radiographs were performed in 118 (66%), 170 (96%) and 9 (5%) patients, respectively. Cats that were treated with antibiotics or glucocorticoids during an episode of feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) or during the foregoing month and which had undergone perineal urethrostomy or catheterization in private practice, were excluded. The study population consisted of 177 cats. Forty-one (23%) cats were diagnosed with a urethral plug, 26 cats (14%) with a urinary tract infection (UTI), 9 cats (5%) with urolithiasis and 101 cats (57%) with feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC). The cats diagnosed with UTI were significantly older than the cats with FIC, urethral plugs and urolithiasis. Urinary tract infection was diagnosed significantly more often in patients older than 10 years, and in female cats. The diagnosis of urethral plug was made significantly more often in males. Feline idiopathic cystitis and urethral plugs are the most common causes of FLUTD, and the causes are significantly age and sex-related.

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Recurrence rate and long-term course of cats with feline lower urinary tract disease

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1177/1098612x19862887 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 544-556 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elisabeth Kaul ◽

Katrin Hartmann ◽

Sven Reese ◽

Roswitha Dorsch

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Recurrence Rate ◽

Lower Urinary Tract ◽

Telephone Interview ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tract Disease ◽

Observation Period ◽

Lower Urinary

Objectives Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) causes clinical signs such as stranguria, pollakiuria, haematuria, vocalisation and periuria, and is often associated with recurring episodes. The primary objective of this study was to survey the long-term course of cats presenting with FLUTD in terms of recurrence rate and mortality. Methods Data from cats that were presented with lower urinary tract signs from 2010 to 2013 were collected by telephone interview with cat owners, using a questionnaire. The observation period ranged from the first presentation due to FLUTD to the telephone interview or the cat’s death. Data on diagnoses, recurrence of clinical signs and disease-free intervals, as well as implementation and impact of prophylactic measures (PMs), were collected and compared between groups with different aetiologies. Results The study included 101 cats. Fifty-two cats were diagnosed with feline idiopathic cystitis, 21 with urolithiasis and 13 with bacterial urinary tract infection; 15 had no definitive diagnosis. Of the 86 cats with a known diagnosis, the recurrence rate was 58.1%, with no significant difference between groups. Twenty-one cats had one relapse, 12 had two relapses, 10 had three and seven had four to eight relapses within a median observation period of 38 months (range 0.5–138 months). Fourteen cats suffered from different causes of FLUTD at different episodes. Mortality due to FLUTD among all 101 cats was 5.0%. The recurrence rate in cats with urolithiasis receiving at least two PMs was significantly lower than the recurrence rate in those without PMs ( P = 0.029). Conclusions and relevance More than half of the cats with FLUTD presented with two or more recurrent episodes irrespective of the identified aetiology. Cats should be thoroughly investigated at each presentation as it cannot be presumed that the cause of FLUTD is the same at different episodes. The mortality due to FLUTD is lower than previously reported.

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Recurrent, nonobstructive, idiopathic feline lower urinary tract disease: an illustrative case report

Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association ◽

10.5326/15473317-31-4-312 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 312-316 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

JM Kruger ◽

CA Osborne

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Lower Urinary Tract ◽

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Illustrative Case ◽

Symptomatic Therapy ◽

Tract Disease ◽

Herpesvirus 4 ◽

Lower Urinary

A three-year-old, spayed female domestic shorthair was evaluated because of recurrent hematuria, dysuria, and pollakiuria of one year's duration. With the exception of hematuria and proteinuria, results of other physical, clinicopathological, radiographic, and microbiologic evaluations were normal. Low concentrations of bovine herpesvirus-4 (BHV-4) antibodies (titer 1:40) were detected by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). A diagnosis of nonobstructive, idiopathic feline lower urinary tract disease was established by exclusion of other known causes of hematuria and dysuria. Clinical signs resolved in approximately seven days without symptomatic therapy. During the next 69 months, the owners observed five episodes of self-limiting, gross hematuria and pollakiuria. Persistent low titers of BHV-4 antibodies were detected by the IFAT. This case typifies the clinicopathological, radiographic, and microbiologic findings and the natural course characteristics of many cases of nonobstructive, idiopathic feline lower urinary tract disease.

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