scholarly journals Effect of seed coating on the yield of soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr.  

Author(s):  
Wacław Jarecki ◽  
Justyna Wietecha

Enhanced seeds, e.g. dressed, encrusted or pelleted seeds, are often sown in agricultural practice. These treatments play a different role depending on the type and chemical composition of the preparation. The aim of the experiment was to compare the effectiveness of three coatings (B – chitosan, C – chitosan + alginate/jojoba oil/E and D – chitosan + alginate/PEG) applied to soybean seeds in comparison to control (A). The study was carried out in three cultivars: Annushka, Mavka and Smuglyanka. The coatings did not differentiate seed yield in 2018 due to favourable weather conditions. The use of coating D in the following years increased seed yield by 0.46 t/ha in 2019 and by 0.51 t/ha in 2020 compared to control. The obtained results allow concluding that coating D was the most effective in soybean cultivation. The field emergence capacity, plant density as well as the SPAD (soil plant analysis development) and LAI (leaf area index) indices were significantly increased compared to control as a result of this coating application. The g<sub>s</sub> index (stomatal leaf conductance) was significantly reduced. The cv. Smuglyanka yields were significantly higher compared to cvs. Mavka and Annushka, by 0.32 t/ha and 0.85 t/ha, respectively. The difference in seed yield between 2018 and 2019 was 0.81 t/ha.  

1995 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Aguilera-Diaz ◽  
L. Recalde-Manrique

SUMMARYA factorial experiment on Vicia faba L. cv. Alameda with three plant densities at three levels of nitrogen fertilization was done for three years (1984–87) at Granada. Yield varied markedly from 403 to 579 g/m2 between seasons. The mean increase in plant population density from 10 to 16 plants/m2 raised seed yield, but a further increase to 21 plants/m2 did not increase yield significantly. There was, however, considerable variation in the response to increasing density (Dl to D3) within each N level (N0, N1 and N2). Application of 30 kg N/ha at the start of flowering increased mean seed yield only at the lowest plant density and in 1986, but 60 kg N/ha increased yield by 135% on average over the 3 years. The highest N application rate resulted in consistently higher overall yields at each plant density. Leaf area index (LAI) showed a significant increase at 20 seeds/m2 compared with that at 10 seeds/m2 but there was no further increase at 30 seeds/m2. Harvest index (HI) was mainly affected by the annual weather conditions, and ranged from 47–4 in 1986 to 62–6 in 1987. HI was related to the mean temperature at flowering (April).


Author(s):  
Tram T.N. Thai ◽  
Danny G. Le Roy ◽  
Manjula S. Bandara ◽  
James E. Thomas ◽  
Francis J Larney

With soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed cost increasing in Alberta, understanding economic optimum plant density (EOPD) could help growers save on input expenses. A study was conducted at two irrigated locations in southern Alberta (Bow Island and Lethbridge), in three growing seasons (2014–16), using two maturity group (MG) 00 soybean genotypes, two row spacings (RS; narrow, 17.5 cm; wide, 35 cm), and three seeding densities (SD; 30, 50 and 80 seeds m-2). Exponential plant density-yield relationships were used to estimate EOPD. The earlier MG 00.4 genotype compensated yield at lower plant density (39 vs. 43 plants m-2) and emergence (74 vs. 80%) than the later MG 00.8 genotype. The EOPD gaps between environments, genotypes, and RS were minimal (from 1–3 plants m-2), resulting in only 1.3–2.0% differences in grain yield (37–56 kg ha-1), and gross revenue at EOPD ($16–24 ha-1). The overall EOPD estimate was 46 plants m-2, regardless of environment, genotype or RS. The study highlighted the difference between agronomic production and profit maximization in choosing an optimum plant density, and the need to establish a seeding density calculator for irrigated soybean in southern Alberta.


2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-272
Author(s):  
L. R. Brown ◽  
D. E. Robinson ◽  
K. Chandler ◽  
C. J. Swanton ◽  
R. E. Nurse ◽  
...  

There have been anecdotal accounts of increased crop sensitivity due to herbicide drift followed by an in-crop herbicide. An experiment was conducted from 2005 to 2007 at Elora, Ridgetown, and Woodstock, Ontario, to determine the effects of simulated mesotrione drift followed by in-crop applications of glyphosate, imazethapyr, bentazon and glyphosate plus chlorimuron on glyphosate-resistant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] visual injury, plant height, plant density, shoot dry weight, and seed yield. As the rate of simulated mesotrione drift increased, there was an increase in soybean injury and a decrease in shoot dry weight, height, and yield. Simulated mesotrione drift followed by bentazon resulted in synergistic responses in injury shortly after application in some environments. This increase in injury was transient, with no synergistic responses in density, shoot dry weight, and yield. In contrast, antagonistic responses were observed when glyphosate, imazethapyr, or glyphosate plus chlorimuron were applied after simulated mesotrione drift in some environments. Further research is required to develop a better understanding of the interactions of drift followed by the application of an in-crop herbicide. Key words: Bentazon, chlorimuron, glyphosate, imazethapyr, mesotrione, synergism


Author(s):  
W Jarecki ◽  
D Bobrecka Jamro

A field experiment was carried out with three bacterial inoculants: HiStick® Soy, Nitragina, Nitrazon and the control. Number and dry weight of nodules were significantly higher with inoculation of bacterial inoculants compared to the control. In 2017, the most pods per plant were obtained after the use of Nitrazon or HiStick® Soy, while in 2018, after the use of HiStick® Soy or Nitragina. In 2018, the highest 1000 seed weight was obtained after the use of Nitragina. In 2017, the seed yield was the most favourably affected by the inoculants HiStick®Soy (3.31 t ha-1) and Nitrazon (3.37 t ha-1) and in 2018, by HiStick® Soy (3.92 t ha-1) and Nitragina (3.87 t ha-1). High Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) and Leaf Area Index (LAI) readings, were observed with HiStick® Soy.


Author(s):  
Alvadi Antonio Balbinot Junior ◽  
Julio Cezar Franchini dos Santos ◽  
Henrique Debiasi ◽  
Antônio Eduardo Coelho ◽  
Moryb Jorge Lima da Costa Sapucay ◽  
...  

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of isolated or combined roots and straw of black oat and wheat, as previous crops in autumn/winter, on the performance of soybean in succession. The experiment was carried out in the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 crop seasons in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. The following seven treatments were applied in the autumn/winter of 2017 and 2018, before soybean planting: fallow; straw of black oat or wheat, distributed on plots kept under fallow during autumn/winter, without roots; plots only with roots of black oat or wheat, without straw; and plots with straw and roots of black oat or wheat. Soybean crop performance was estimated using the following variables: plant density, leaf area index, soil plant analysis development (SPAD) index, shoot dry matter, grain yield, and yield components. In comparison with fallow, the cultivation of black oat or wheat, as previous crops during the autumn/winter, increases soybean grain yield. The impact of the roots of black oat or wheat on soybean yield is similar to that of straw. Soybean agronomic performance is improved in the combined presence of roots and straw of black oat or wheat.


Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 515
Author(s):  
Wacław Jarecki

Foliar fertilization provides cultivated plants with the necessary nutrients during the growing season. The conducted field experiment was aimed at comparing the effectiveness of different variants of foliar fertilization applied in the cultivation of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), cultivar ‘ES Cesario’. The experimental factors were: A (control), B (YaraVita Brassitrel Pro), C (YaraVita Brassitrel Pro and YaraVita Thiotrac), D (YaraVita Brassitrel Pro and YaraVita Bortrac), E (YaraVita Brassitrel Pro and YaraVita Bortrac and YaraVita Thiotrac) and F (YaraVita Thiotrac). Weather conditions were variable over the years of the study and had a modifying effect on most of the tested parameters. Intensive foliar fertilization (variants D and E) resulted in a significant increase in the number of pods per plant, seed and fat yields, and SPAD (soil plant analysis development) and LAI (leaf area index) indices compared to the control. The protein yield was the highest after fertilizer applications in variants C and E. The use of YaraVita Thiotrac alone (variant F) did not provide the expected results. Foliar fertilizers applied in variant D increased Gs (leaf stomatal conductance) measurements and fat content in seeds but decreased TSW and seed protein content. It was shown that intensive foliar fertilization (variants D and E) increased seed boron content compared to YaraVita Thiotrac fertilization and the control. Fat and protein yields were strongly positively correlated with seed yield (r = 0.93 and r = 0.71, respectively). The best economic effect was obtained after applying foliar fertilization in variants D and E; therefore, they can be recommended for agricultural practice.


2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wacław Jarecki ◽  
Jan Buczek ◽  
Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro

In this experiment, the response of winter oilseed rape cv. SY Alister F1 to diverse foliar fertilization was evaluated. Foliar fertilization with the preparation Insol 5 was applied at the following dates: control (without a foliar fertilizer); autumn; autumn + spring; autumn + twice spring; spring and twice spring. Each variant in which autumn foliar fertilization was carried out contributed to a significant increase in plant density before harvest. In turn, each variant with spring foliar fertilization significantly increased the number of pods per plant compared to the control. Variants with autumn + spring, autumn + twice-spring, and twice-spring foliar fertilization influenced the increase in the soil-plant analysis development index (SPAD), thousand seed weight and protein and fat yield. The leaf area index was the highest after foliar fertilization applied in autumn + in spring or autumn + twice in spring. Foliar fertilization affected a significant increase in seed yield compared to the control. The content of protein and magnesium in seeds was the highest after the fertilizer application in autumn + twice in spring or twice in spring.


2020 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-9
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Kasatkina ◽  
Ildus Fatykhov

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to study the influence of the method and term of harvesting on seed yield, yield structure, sowing qualities of seeds in the harvest of Eastern galega Gale and meadow tetraploid clover Kudesnik. Research methods. The field experimentation and the generalization of research results were performed in accordance with the requirements of methodology of experimental work. The analysis of sowing qualities of the obtained seed material was carried out in accordance with GOST 12038-84 and GOST 12042-80. Results. It was established that in dry weather during harvesting on aligned seed grass stand of perennial leguminous grasses, the main method is single-phase harvesting. This method contributed to the production of 288–299 kg/ha of Eastern galega Gale goat seeds (1995–1999) and 116–120 kg/ha of meadow tetraploid clover Kudesnik seeds (2013–2016). In wet years with high biomass of herbs, it is advisable to use single-phase harvesting with preliminary desiccation. A relatively high yield of galega seeds 331 kg/ha was obtained during desiccation of the grass stand, during the formation of the grass stand with the plant density – 51 pcs/m2, the number of beans on the stem – 47 pcs., the seeds in the bean – 1.77 pcs. The formation of the highest seed yield of meadow tetraploid clover 152 kg/ha during desiccation of crops occurred in connection with an increase in the number of seeds in the head to 9 pcs. and the mass of seeds in the head to 0.023 g. Desiccation of the seed grass stand of perennial grasses contributed to an increase in laboratory germination of the obtained galega seeds to 94 % and a mass of 1000 seeds to 7.55 g, meadow clover to 91 % and 2.53 g, respectively. Scientific novelty. In the conditions of the Middle Urals, the dependence of the method and term of harvesting on the state of the seed grass stand of perennial leguminous crops, weather conditions during the harvesting period is revealed, the influence of the method and term of harvesting on the sowing qualities of seeds is established.


2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (s1) ◽  
pp. 145-163
Author(s):  
O.G. Moatshe ◽  
V.E. Emongor ◽  
T.V. Balole ◽  
S.O. Tshwenyane

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a temperate plant grown in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, and is the most drought tolerant oilseed crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of genotype and plant density on growth, phenology and yield of safflower. Treatments included five safflower genotypes and six plant densities laid out in a randomised block design. Increasing plant density from 62,500 to 100,000 plants ha-1 significantly (P < 0.05) increased leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), total leaf chlorophyll content (Tchl) and net assimilation rate (NAR) at all phenological stages in both winter and summer. For all genotypes, the highest LAI, LAD, Tchl, NAR, total dry matter accumulation (TDM) and seed yield resulted at a plant density of 100,000 plants ha-1. Maximum LAI, LAD, NAR and Tchl were observed at 50% flowering, compared to other phenological stages in all genotypes and plant densities. In general, genotype ‘Sina’ at 100,000 plants ha-1 significantly (P < 0.05) had the highest LAI, LAD, Tchl, TDM and seed yield compared to other genotypes and plant densities in both summer and winter.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Li ◽  
Muhammad Shahbaz Naeem ◽  
Shafaqat Ali ◽  
Liyan Zhang ◽  
Lixin Liu ◽  
...  

In this study, the yield and yield components were studied using a conventional variety Zhongshuang 11 (ZS 11) and a hybrid variety Zhongyouza 12 (ZYZ 12) at varying plant densities. The increase in plant density led to an initial increase in seed yield and pod numbers per unit area, followed by a decrease. The optimal plant density was 58.5 × 104 plants ha−1 in both ZS 11 and ZYZ 12. The further researches on physiological traits showed a rapid decrease in the green leaf area index (GLAI) and chlorophyll content and a remarkable increase in malondialdehyde content in high plant density (HPD) population than did the low plant density (LPD) population, which indicated the rapid leaf senescence. However, HPD had higher values in terms of pod area index (PAI), pod photosynthesis, and radiation use efficiency (RUE) after peak anthesis. A significantly higher level of dry matter accumulation and nitrogen utilization efficiency were observed, which resulted in higher yield. HPD resulted in a rapid decrease in root morphological parameters (root length, root tips, root surface area, and root volume). These results suggested that increasing the plant density within a certain range was a promising option for high seed yield in winter rapeseed in China.


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