scholarly journals Dynamics of health status of forest stands on research plots in the Šumava National Park

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 333-347
Author(s):  
S. Vacek ◽  
K. Matějka ◽  
J. Mayová ◽  
V. V Podrázský
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
National Park ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Damage Dynamics ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Forest District

The paper summarises an evaluation of the health status dynamics of allochthonous spruce stands in the Modrava Forest District and of natural stands in the Plešný Forest District. Analysis is based on dendroecological reactions of particular tree individuals in the stand structure. The tree damage was evaluated annually (during the period 1997–2002), based especially on defoliation. Natural and semi-natural, especially mixed forest stands with dominant beech in the Plešný Forest District territory were most tolerant, allochthonous secondary spruce stands in the Modrava Forest District area were least tolerant. The damage dynamics was limited by the activity of insect pests (bark beetle – Ips typographus). Damage caused by ozone occurred much more often in 2002 compared to 1999. The most damaged species were sycamore and rowan tree.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the health status of forest stands and its prediction on research plots in the Šumava Mts.

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 457-473
Author(s):  
S. Vacek ◽  
V. Podrázský ◽  
K. Matějka
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Tree Damage ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Damage Dynamics ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Forest District

The paper summarises the evaluation of the health status dynamics of allochthonous spruce stands in the Modrava Forest District and of natural stands in the Plešný Forest District. Analysis is based on dendroecological reactions of particular tree individuals in the stand texture. The tree damage was evaluated annually (in the period 1997–2005), based especially on defoliation. The most tolerant were the natural and semi-natural, especially mixed forest stands with dominant beech in the Plešný Forest District territory, the least tolerant were the allochthonous secondary spruce stands in the Modrava Forest District area. The damage dynamics was limited by the insect (bark beetle – Ips typographus) pest activity. Ozone damage appeared much more often in 2002, compared to the year 1999. The most damaged species were sycamore and rowan tree.

Tree Diversity and Forest Resistance to Insect Pests: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hervé Jactel ◽  
Xoaquín Moreira ◽  
Bastien Castagneyrol
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Insect Herbivory ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Diet Breadth ◽  
Tree Diversity ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Diversity Effects

Ecological research conducted over the past five decades has shown that increasing tree species richness at forest stands can improve tree resistance to insect pest damage. However, the commonality of this finding is still under debate. In this review, we provide a quantitative assessment (i.e., a meta-analysis) of tree diversity effects on insect herbivory and discuss plausible mechanisms underlying the observed patterns. We provide recommendations and working hypotheses that can serve to lay the groundwork for research to come. Based on more than 600 study cases, our quantitative review indicates that insect herbivory was, on average, lower in mixed forest stands than in pure stands, but these diversity effects were contingent on herbivore diet breadth and tree species composition. In particular, tree species diversity mainly reduced damage of specialist insect herbivores in mixed stands with phylogenetically distant tree species. Overall, our findings provide essential guidance for forest pest management.

Développement d’un outil de classification de la structure des peuplements et comparaison de deux territoires de la pessière à mousses du Québec

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Boucher ◽  
L De Grandpré ◽  
S Gauthier
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Spruce Stands

Forest stand structure is an important element for biodiversity and, from a sustainable forest management perspective, uneven-sized stands should be managed in order to maintain the structural diversity over the landscape. The first objective of this study is to develop a statistical tool to characterize stand structure that can be used in forest management planning. The second objective is to classify the stand structure of two regions to illustrate a possible use for the tool. The statistical tool for characterizing stand structure has been developed from forest inventory data gathered by the ministère des Ressources naturelles du Québec, using discriminant analysis. The analysis makes it possible to classify the stands into three types of structure, even-sized, uneven-sized and inverse J-shaped, with an error rate estimated at only 7%. Proportions of different structure types in Quebec’s eastern black spruce forest region have been compared with those found in the western black spruce forest region. Nearly 90% of the western black spruce forest region is composed of pure black spruce stands, contrary to the eastern black spruce region, where there are more pure fir and mixed spruce-fir stands. Most of the western black spruce forest stands are even-sized (62%), while almost 70% of the eastern black spruce forest stands are uneven-sized or inverse J-shaped. Pure black spruce stands are more even-sized than pure fir stands, but regional differences are also found within pure black spruce stands. Our results show that it is possible to develop a robust tool that makes it possible to classify thousands of stands rapidly. Such tools are required if we want to consider stand structure for appropriate management prescriptions in the boreal forest. Key words: Even- and uneven-sized structure, fire regime, Picea mariana, Abies balsamea, boreal forest, structural diversity

The dynamics of changes in the structure and species composition of primary forest stands in selected areas of Pieniny National Park

2011 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Jaworski ◽  
Dorota Jakubowska
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
National Park ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Forest Stands

Dynamika zmian budowy, struktury i składu gatunkowego drzewostanów o charakterze pierwotnym na wybranych powierzchniach w Pienińskim Parku Narodowym

scholarly journals Occurrence of the Green Shield-Moss Buxbaumia viridis (Moug.) Brid. in the Bieszczady Mountains of Poland

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Piotr Brewczyński ◽  
Kamil Grałek ◽  
Piotr Bilański
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Microhabitat Preferences ◽  
Natura 2000 Site ◽  
Forest District

The small-sized gametophytes and sporophytes of the green shield-moss Buxbaumia viridis (Moug.) Brid. make it difficult to study. However, in Europe, there has been increasing interest in this species in the past few years, mostly as a result of the implementation of the Natura 2000 network. In Poland, B. viridis has only been reported in isolated studies that have been limited in terms of area and the number of participating workers. One of the Polish regions where B. viridis was recently recorded is the Bieszczady Mountains, but there have been no large-scale surveys of that region to date. The objective of the current work was to describe the B. viridis population in the Bieszczady Mountains in terms of its spatial distribution and abundance, investigate its selected microhabitat preferences, and evaluate the conservation status of this moss species within the Natura 2000 site Bieszczady PLC180001. The studied region encompassed 93,490.44 ha, including 69,056.23 ha of managed forests and 24,434.21 ha of forests belonging to the Bieszczady National Park. A preliminary survey was conducted in the Cisna Forest District (forest area of 19,555.82 ha) on 15–17 November 2017, while the main survey was performed in selected forest subcompartments of four forest districts—Baligród, Komańcza, Lutowiska, and Stuposiany—as well as the Bieszczady National Park from 5 to 16 November 2018. The field work consisted of searching for B. viridis sporophytes and setae and recording selected population and locality characteristics. The study led to the discovery of 353 new B. viridis localities in 202 study areas, with 9197 diploid individuals (sporophytes or setae only) growing in 545 microhabitats. The number of B. viridis localities discovered in the Bieszczady Mountains during 17 days of survey in 2017 and 2018 was two times higher than the combined number of localities previously found in Poland over more than 150 years (159 localities). Additionally, the number of sporophytes and setae identified was two times greater than their overall number in previous records. In addition, this study provides information about selected microhabitat preferences and the conservation status of this moss in the Bieszczady Natura 2000 site.

scholarly journals Distribution of the timber quality attribute ‘knot surface’ in logs of Fagus sylvatica L. from pure and mixed forest stands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Höwler ◽  
Torsten Vor ◽  
Peter Schall ◽  
Peter Annighöfer ◽  
Dominik Seidel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Timber Quality ◽  
Positive Effects

AbstractResearch on mixed forests has mostly focused on tree growth and productivity, or resistance and resilience in changing climate conditions, but only rarely on the effects of tree species mixing on timber quality. In particular, it is still unclear whether the numerous positive effects of mixed forests on productivity and stability come at the expense of timber quality. In this study, we used photographs of sawn boards from 90 European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees of mixed and pure forest stands to analyze internal timber quality through the quality indicator knot surface that was quantitatively assessed using the software Datinf® Measure. We observed a decrease in knot surface with increasing distance from the pith as well as smaller values in the lower log sections. Regarding the influence of neighborhood species identity, we found only minor effects meaning that timber qualities in mixed stands of beech and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) tended to be slightly worse compared to pure beech stands.

Status of white pines across five western national park units: Initial assessment of stand structure and condition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Reilly ◽  
Jonathan Nesmith ◽  
Sean Smith ◽  
Devin Stucki ◽  
Erik Jules
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Initial Assessment

Competition theory — science and application in mixed forest stands: review of experimental and modelling methods and suggestions for future research

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy R. Larocque ◽  
Nancy Luckai ◽  
Shailendra N. Adhikary ◽  
Arthur Groot ◽  
F. Wayne Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Individual Tree

Competition in forest stands has long been of interest to researchers. However, much of the knowledge originates from empirical studies that examined the effects of competition. For instance, many studies were focused on the effects of the presence of herbaceous species on the development of tree seedlings or the decrease in individual tree growth with increases in stand density. Several models that incorporate competitive effects have been developed to predict tree and stand growth, but with simplified representations of competitive interactions. While these studies provided guidance useful for forest management, they contributed only partially to furthering our understanding of competitive mechanisms. Also, most competition studies were conducted in single-species stands. As competitive interactions occurring in mixed stands are characterized by a higher degree of complexity than those in single-species stands, a better understanding of these mechanisms can contribute to developing optimal management scenarios. The dynamics of forest stands with at least two species may be affected not only by competition, but also by facilitation or complementarity mechanisms. Thus, knowledge of the mechanisms may provide insight into the relative importance of intra- versus inter-specific competition and whether competition is symmetric or asymmetric. Special attention to the implementation of field experimental designs is warranted for mixed stands. While traditional spacing trials are appropriate for single-species stands, the examination of competitive interactions in mixed stands requires more complex experimental designs to examine the relative importance of species combinations. Forest productivity models allow resource managers to test different management scenarios, but again most of these models were developed for single-species stands. As competitive interactions are more complex in mixed stands, models developed to predict their dynamics will need to include more mechanistic representations of competition.

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