scholarly journals Genetic diversity of sessile oak populations in the Czech Republic

2022 ◽  
Vol 68 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 8-18
Author(s):  
Jakub Dvořák ◽  
Jiří Korecký ◽  
Zuzana Faltinová ◽  
Dagmar Zádrapová

The sessile oak is a broadleaved tree species of great ecological and silvicultural importance. Oaks are the second most widespread deciduous tree species in the Czech Republic, and ongoing climate change negatively affects the abundant and often monocultural Norway spruce. Therefore, a proportional increase of more resilient tree species such as sessile oak has emerged. This study aimed to depict population genetic diversity when analysing 272 individuals from 10 subpopulations selected across the Czech Republic. Targeted populations were chosen based on the minimal expected human impact on the stand (presumably autochthonous stands). All individuals were genotyped using 18 polymorphic microsatellite markers (SSRs) assembled into two amplification multiplexes. The high discriminatory power of SSR markers was tested and confirmed by the probability of identity analysis. The genetic differentiation of the subpopulations was low yet significant, quantified by Wright’s F-statistics within the range from 0.012 to 0.029. Based on discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), we detected two populations with geographic genetic correlation (the 15<sup>th</sup> meridian east being a north-south boundary line) and one with a distinct genetic pattern. We assume that the population might previously be established from seed sources outside the Czech Republic. Moreover, to some extent, our findings advocate the legitimacy of the legislative rules for forest reproductive material (FRM) transfer.

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-76
Author(s):  
Dagmar Zádrapová ◽  
Jiří Korecký ◽  
Jakub Dvořák ◽  
Zuzana Faltinová ◽  
Jan Bílý

Abstract European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is one of the most important broadleaved tree species in Europe both ecologically and economically. Nowadays, in the Czech Republic, beech is underrepresented in forest tree species composition, and there are tendencies to increase its proportion. When reintroducing beech, genetic variability, along with other factors, play a key role. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of ten selected indigenous beech populations across the Czech Republic. Two hundred and fifty individuals were genotyped on 21 polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers, which were amplified using two newly assembled multiplexes. According to the results, observed heterozygosity (Ho ) among populations ranged from 0.595 to 0.654 and expected heterozygosity (He ) from 0.650 to 0.678. That is comparable with the findings in other European studies. The high discriminatory power of the assembled multiplexes was confirmed by calculating the Probability of Identity among both unrelated and related individuals. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) based on Nei's genetic distances revealed that there are genetic differences among populations resulting in three approximate clusters (geographically north, south-east, and south-west). Nevertheless, the results implicate that on a geographical scale of the Czech Republic, the distance is unlikely to be the primary driver of genetic differentiation.


2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cvrčková Helena ◽  
Máchová Pavlína ◽  
Poláková Lucie ◽  
Trčková Olga

Fagus sylvatica Linnaeus (European beech), the ecologically and economically most important broadleaved tree species in the Czech Republic, was strongly reduced in the past. Today there are efforts to increase the proportion of beech to ensure optimal forest tree species composition. When extensively reintroducing beech, it is important to acquire more detailed knowledge of genetic diversity. Thirteen important beech populations in different stands in the territory of the Czech Republic were genotyped using 12 polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers. The genotypic data from adult trees imply genetic differences between the populations. The estimated genetic diversity expressed as Shannon’s information index ranged from 1.73 to 1.92. Thirteen beech populations showed excess homozygotes, as indicated by positive fixation index (F) values (F = 0.005–0.115). The pairwise F<sub>ST</sub> values indicated low genetic differentiation between the 13 Czech beech populations, because they were greater than zero, that means they confirmed the presence of population structuring in Czech European beech. Not significant linear correlations were observed between genetic and geographic distances of the 13 beech populations studied on the basis of microsatellite markers. Twelve microsatellite markers were verified as highly polymorphic and suitable for genotyping of European beech populations.


2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dušan Gömöry ◽  
Roman Longauer ◽  
Diana Krajmerová

AbstractClimate change may endanger not only yield and fulfilling the social functions of European forests, but even the survival of several tree species. The study emphasises the complexity of climatic factors and physiological mechanisms, which may potentially endanger the persistence of tree populations and which cannot be reduced to problems of drought and temperature increase. A substantial inter-population variation in traits associated with the response to climatic stress, observed in provenance experiments, is a prerequisite for the choice of proper forest reproductive material (FRM) in reforestation as a strategy of climate-change mitigation. Assisted migration, i.e., transfer of FRM from source regions, currently characterised by such climate characteristics, which are expected in the target regions in the future, requires knowledge of key stress factors (depending on the climate scenario), physiological processes associated with the adaptation to this stress, identification of genes and eventually epigenetic mechanisms, controlling adaptation processes, and finally mapping of genetic and/or epigenetic variation in key genes. For most tree species, such information is not yet available. Therefore, assisted migration under such information uncertainty needs to be complemented by in situ gene conservation measures to preserve the possibility of reversing the effects of eventual erroneous decisions on FRM transfer.


2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Vyhnánek ◽  
J. Bednář

&nbsp;Genetic diversity was detected in 11 varieties of triticale registered in the Czech Republic by means of polymorphism of prolamin proteins using the PAGE ISTA method. The polymorphism of prolamin proteins allowed the differentiation of the individual triticale varieties in 2002 and 2003 harvests. On the basis of Dice&rsquo;s calculations of coefficients of similarity we discovered, in parallel with the uniform genotypes, genotypes with sister prolamin spectrums with a&nbsp;different percentage of participation in the respective years. A uniform spectrum was detected in the following varieties: Disco, Kolor, Lamberto, Marko, Presto, Sekundo, Ticino and Tricolor; Kitaro and Modus were dimorphous varieties. In 2003 three sister prolamin lines appeared in the variety Gabo and in 2004 only two. In 2003 a 5% admixture of a foreign genotype was detected in the variety Marko. Typical of the unknown genotype was the gliadin block Gld&nbsp;1B3, which is the marker of rye translocation T1BL.1RS, gene Sr31 with resistance to black rust, higher cold resistance and lower baking quality of the wheat. The prolamin proteins of triticale grain are suitable for the detection of the genetic diversity and for the assessment of varietal authenticity and purity in seed samples of triticale varieties registered in the Czech Republic.


2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Pulkrab ◽  
M. Sloup ◽  
M. Zeman

The article addresses the issues of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) production in the Czech Republic (CR). Our analysis shows that the tree species can occupy 149,616&ndash;163,713 ha in the CR (with respect to ecological limits set by the Czech legislation). The potential economic effect expressed by the gross yield of forest production might be higher by 27&ndash;30 million EUR&middot;yr<sup>&ndash;1</sup>.&nbsp; The results of the analysis support the forest owners&rsquo; interest to extend Douglas-fir production in the CR, similarly like it has been extended systematically in all European countries where natural conditions allow. &nbsp;


2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 540-543
Author(s):  
I. Tomášková ◽  
J. Vítámvás ◽  
J. Korecký

:Germination capacity and germination energy are usually the most frequently used quantitative parameters of forest tree seed. With seed ageing both parameters decreased and the rate of the collapse is given by tree species, age of tree and its seed and biotic and abiotic factors. Relatively little attention has been paid to the age of seed. As it was found, the longevity of the main tree species remained relatively high, and spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karsten and pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) from the investigated areas across the Czech Republic maintained minimally one third of germination capacity or germination energy during the 10 years with the exception of larch (Larix decidua Mill.) where germination capacity decreased almost to zero after 10 years. Although the germination energy and germination capacity decreased significantly, it is possible to use the seed in the case of shortage of the seed of better quality. &nbsp;


2012 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 1611-1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markéta Šplíchalová ◽  
Zdeněk Adamec ◽  
Jan Kadavý ◽  
Michal Kneifl

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