scholarly journals Pedestrian mortality in Russia: a continuous decline over the last 25 years?

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 84-99
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Pyankova ◽  
Timur Fattakhov
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Road User ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Vehicle Occupant ◽  
Police Data ◽  
Abnormal Phenomenon ◽  
First Time

Using different data sources (HCoD, IRTAD, UNECE statistical database, police data), our research shows that the significant excess of pedestrian mortality over motor vehicle occupant mortality in 1988-1999 in Russia, according to RusFMD, is an abnormal phenomenon that most likely never occurred. Police data is preferable for assessing mortality levels by road user types in Russia. According to Russian police data, pedestrian mortality never exceeded motor vehicle occupant mortality. The steady decline of pedestrian mortality began in 2003, not in 1993, as vital statistics show. In 2008, pedestrian mortality for the first time reached the minimum level of the Soviet period. After significant fluctuations, motor vehicle occupant mortality dropped to the level of the early 1970s only in 2015-2017. The use of vital statistics is possible if it is necessary to differentiate road traffic mortality by sex, age, and type of settlements. Categorisation by road user types should be done with caution, using the following data sources: HCoD data from 1988 and RusFMD data from 1970 to 1988 and after 1999. It is suggested that difficulties in analysing long-term mortality by road user types based on vital statistics may occur in post-Soviet countries, where the Soviet abridged classification of causes of death (SC) was used. The prevalence of deaths coded by unspecified V-codes (V89) should also be considered.

scholarly journals Pedestrian Motor Vehicle Accidents and Fatalities in Botswana-An Epidemiological Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thuso Mphela ◽  
Thamani Mokoka ◽  
Kefalotse Dithole
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Pedestrian Safety ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road User ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Road Lighting ◽  
Pedestrian Accidents ◽  
Traffic Law Enforcement

According to WHO, more than 300,000 pedestrian deaths were recorded globally, accounting for 22% of total road user fatalities in 2019. In 2017, Botswana pedestrian fatalities were considerably high at 32% of the total road accident fatalities recorded. This paper investigated causes, distribution, risk, and offers potential solutions to pedestrian accidents and fatalities in Botswana. Secondary data extracted from different sources were analyzed through descriptive statistics and stepwise regression modeling was performed to determine significant explanators of pedestrian fatalities. The results show that the “car” vehicle type is responsible for 55% of pedestrian collisions. There is a higher chance of pedestrian fatality when collision is with a lorry with a trailer. On the other hand, driver negligence is also blamed for 55% of pedestrian accidents. Ninety percent (90%) of pedestrian fatalities happen away from road junctions. Truck, fuel imports and nighttime accidents were identified as significant regressors for pedestrian fatalities. Overall, pedestrians are six times more likely to perish in a collision than their counterparts. Adopting sustainable road infrastructure patterns that promote pedestrian safety will foster mode split. Improving road lighting and infusing pedestrian safety into driver training curriculum, while strengthening road traffic law enforcement, will lead to improved pedestrian safety. Future studies should disaggregate pedestrian safety analysis to account for location-specific variations.

scholarly journals The financial burden of national road infrastructure and the equity thereof: A South African perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Brits
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Road User ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
Economic Trends

Economic activities in South Africa during the past decade have caused, inter alia, road traffic congestion to accelerate annually and road infrastructure to deteriorate rapidly. Motor vehicle sales, correlated with economic trends and the economic empowerment of citizens, have and still are increasing at a faster rate than the supply of necessary infrastructure. As such, congestion, especially in the Gauteng area, has reached unacceptable levels during peak hours, necessitating the upgrading and continual maintenance of these roads and other national roads. The financial burden of upgrading and maintaining road infrastructure is enormous and, although the South African government makes contributions, an income from the road infrastructure is necessary to sustain quality infrastructure. However, a road-user paying approach, especially the structure thereof, should be acceptable to society in terms of economic efficiency and various means of equity. This article reviews the relevance of a road-user paying approach as applied in South Africa.

scholarly journals Comparison of physical and psychological health outcomes for motorcyclists and other road users after land transport crashes: an inception cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Sharwood ◽  
Annette Kifley ◽  
Ashley Craig ◽  
Bamini Gopinath ◽  
Jagnoor Jagnoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road User ◽  
Inception Cohort ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Road Users

Abstract Background: Serious injuries and fatalities among vulnerable road users on two wheeled motorised vehicles have increased across Australia and internationally in the past decade, yet fallen for motor vehicle occupants. Almost half of all reported motorcycle injury crashes cause serious injury or death, nearly double that of motor vehicle police-reported crashes. This study explores associations with sociodemographic and pre-injury health characteristics and health outcomes after a road traffic injury; aiming to compare motorcyclists with other road users and inform recovery care. Methods: An inception cohort study recruited 1854 individuals aged >17 years, injured following land-transport crashes in New South Wales, Australia (July 2013-November 2016). Interviews conducted at baseline, 6-and 12-months post-injury elicited demographic, socioeconomic, and self-reported health conditions. Results: 628 (33.9%) motorcyclists, 299 (16.1%) bicyclists and 927 (50%) vehicle occupants were recruited at baseline. Injury patterns differed significantly between groups; motorcyclist injuries were more likely lower extremity, more severe (p<0.001) and result in longer hospital stays (p<0.001). Injured motorcyclists were predominantly male (88.1%, p<0.001), were younger on average (38 years) than bicyclists (41.5 years), had lower income and education levels, and poorer pre-injury physical health than other road user groups. Despite these differences, at 12 months post-injury motorcyclists had better physical health and reported less pain than vehicle occupants. Motorcyclists displayed less evidence of psychological distress than vehicle occupants, but more than bicyclists across several measures used. Conclusions: Road user types differ in important characteristics, including pre-injury health status and recovery after injury, which influences health and recovery outcomes after land-transport crashes. This information could aid post-crash care, such as targeting early intervention strategies not only to injury types, but also to the type of road user, to improve long-term recovery.

scholarly journals COVID Lockdowns, Social Distancing, and Fatal Car Crashes: More Deaths on Hobbesian Highways?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 238-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall W. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Research Question What happened to US traffic safety during the first US COVID-19 lockdown, and why was the pattern the opposite of that observed in previous sudden declines of traffic volume? Data National and local statistics on US traffic volume, traffic fatalities, injury accidents, speeding violations, running of stop signs, and other indicators of vehicular driving behavior, both in 2020 and in previous US economic recessions affecting the volume of road traffic. Methods Comparative analysis of the similarities and differences between the data for the COVID-19 lockdown in parts of the USA in March 2020 and similar data for the 2008–2009 global economic crisis, as well as other US cases of major reductions in traffic volume. Findings The volume of traffic contracted sharply once a COVID-19 national emergency was declared and most states issued stay-at-home orders, but motor vehicle fatality rates, injury accidents, and speeding violations went up, and remained elevated even as traffic began returning toward normal. This pattern does not fit post-World War II recessions where fatality rates declined with the volume of traffic nor does the 2020 pattern match the pattern during World War II when traffic dropped substantially with little change in motor vehicle fatality rates. Conclusions The findings are consistent with a theory of social distancing on highways undermining compliance with social norms, a social cost of COVID which, if not corrected, poses potential long-term increases in non-compliance and dangerous driving.

scholarly journals Trends in mortality from external causes in the Republic of Seychelles between 1989 and 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Abio ◽  
Pascal Bovet ◽  
Joachim Didon ◽  
Till Bärnighausen ◽  
Masood Ali Shaikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
African Region ◽  
Road Traffic Injuries ◽  
External Causes ◽  
Over Time

AbstractData on injury-related mortality are scarce in the African region. Mortality from external causes in the Seychelles was assessed, where all deaths are medically certified and the population is regularly enumerated. The four fields for underlying causes of death recorded were reviewed in the national vital statistics register. The age-standardised mortality rates were estimated (per 100,000 person-years) from external causes in 1989–1998, 1999–2008, and 2009–2018. Mortality rates per 100,000 person-years from external causes were 4–5 times higher among males than females, and decreased among males over the three 10-year periods (127.5, 101.4, 97.1) but not among females (26.9, 23.1, 26.9). The contribution of external causes to total mortality did not change markedly over time (males 11.6%, females 4.3% in 1989–2018). Apart from external deaths from undetermined causes (males 14.6, females 2.4) and “other unintentional injuries” (males 14.1, females 8.0), the leading external causes of death in 2009–2018 were drowning (25.9), road traffic injuries (18.0) and suicide (10.4) among males; and road traffic injuries (4.6), drowning (3.4) and poisoning (2.6) among females. Mortality from broad categories of external causes did not change consistently over time but rates of road traffic injuries increased among males. External causes contributed approximately 1 in 10 deaths among males and 1 in 20 among females, with no marked change in cause-specific rates over time, except for road traffic injuries. These findings emphasise the need for programs and policies in various sectors to address this large, but mostly avoidable health burden.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Road Traffic Collision Injury Patterns and Severity in Al-Ain City, United Arab Emirates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin J Yasin ◽  
David O Alao ◽  
Michal Grivna ◽  
Fikri Abu-Zidan
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Fisher's Exact Test ◽  
Al Ain ◽  
Fisher’S Exact Test ◽  
Road Traffic Collision ◽  
Motorcycle Injuries

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns restricted human and traffic mobility impacting the patterns and severity of road traffic collisions (RTCs). We aimed to study the effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on incidence, patterns, severity of the injury, and outcomes of hospitalized RTCs trauma patients in Al-Ain City, United Arab Emirates. Methods: We compared the data of two cohorts of patients which were collected over two periods; the pandemic period (28 March 2020 to 27 March 202) and the pre-pandemic period (28 March 2019 to 27 March 2020). All RTCs trauma patients who were hospitalized in the two major trauma centers (Al-Ain and Tawam Hospitals) of Al-Ain City were studied. Results: Overall, the incidence of hospitalized RTC trauma patients significantly reduced by 33.5% during the Pandemic compared with the pre-pandemic period. The mechanism of injury was significantly different between the two periods (p< 0.0001, Fisher’s Exact test). MVCs were less during the Pandemic (60.5% compared with 72%), while motorcycle injuries were more (23.3 % compared with 11.2 %). The mortality of hospitalized RTC patients was significantly higher during the Pandemic (4.4 % compared with 2.3 %, p=0.045, Fisher’s Exact test). Conclusions: Our study has shown that the numbers of hospitalized RTC trauma patients reduced by 33.5% during the COVID-19 Pandemic compared with the pre-pandemic period in our setting. This was attributed to the reduced motor vehicle, pedestrian and bicycle injuries while motorcycle injuries increased. Mortality was significantly higher during the Pandemic, which was attributed to increased ISS and reduced GCS.

scholarly journals ROAD SAFETY CAMPAIGNS TO REDUCE TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS FOR YOUNG ROAD USERS

ICCD ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 601-606
Author(s):  
Widodo Budi Dermawan ◽  
Dewi Nusraningrum
Keyword(s):  
School Environment ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
School Administrators ◽  
Road User ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Accident Data

Every year we lose many young road users in road traffic accidents. Based on traffic accident data issued by the Indonesian National Police in 2017, the number of casualties was highest in the age group 15-19, with 3,496 minor injuries, 400 seriously injured and 535 deaths. This condition is very alarming considering that student as the nation's next generation lose their future due to the accidents. This figure does not include other traffic violations, not having a driver license, not wearing a helmet, driving opposite the direction, those given ticket and verbal reprimand. To reduce traffic accident for young road user, road safety campaigns were organized in many schools in Jakarta. This activity aims to socialize the road safety program to increase road safety awareness among young road users/students including the dissemination of Law No. 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation. Another purpose of this program is to accompany school administrators to set up a School Safe Zone (ZoSS), a location on particular roads in the school environment that are time-based speed zone to set the speed of the vehicle. The purpose of this paper is to promote the road safety campaigns strategies by considering various campaign tools.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document