scholarly journals Intraindividual fluctuations in sleep predict subsequent goal setting in adolescents

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Laura E. Michaelson ◽  
Juliette Berg ◽  
Michelle J. Boyd-Brown ◽  
Whitney Cade ◽  
Dian Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Previous Night ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Achievement Outcomes ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Time Varying Covariates ◽  
Good Sleep

The purpose of this study was to investigate within- and between-person associations between sleep and subsequent goal setting in adolescents. We conducted an intensive repeated measures longitudinal study to assess intra- and interindividual associations between sleep and goal setting and potential moderators of such associations. Thirty-nine seventh through 12th graders reported on their sleep quality and propensity to set goals in their daily lives several times per week for approximately four months. We used a combination of multilevel modeling with time-varying covariates and centering techniques to partition within- and between-person variance. We found significant and positive associations between sleep and goal setting within individuals, but no such associations between individuals. That is, students were more likely to set goals for their work after getting a good night’s sleep relative to their own average sleep quality, but getting good sleep on average relative to other individuals showed no association with average goal setting. These relationships were not moderated by participant age, gender, or sociodemographic status as indexed by maternal education. Differences in average sleep between adolescents matters less for their propensity to set goals than whether they experienced better- or worse-than-usual sleep the previous night given their own average. This finding represents the first evidence documenting effects of sleep on goal setting, which is an important psychological precursor to many youth behavioral and achievement outcomes. Our findings highlight the individuality of sleep needs and point to new directions for sleep-related practice and policy aimed at youth.

scholarly journals Adults Who Are Overweight or Obese and Consuming an Energy-Restricted Healthy US-Style Eating Pattern at Either the Recommended or a Higher Protein Quantity Perceive a Shift from “Poor” to “Good” Sleep: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (12) ◽  
pp. 3216-3223
Author(s):  
Joshua L Hudson ◽  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Wayne W Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Good Sleep ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT Background Limited evidence suggests that consuming a higher-protein diet during weight loss improves subjective indices of sleep in overweight and obese adults. Objective We sought to a priori assess the effects of consuming the recommended versus a higher protein Healthy US-Style Eating Pattern during energy-restriction on sleep quality indices. Design Using a randomized, parallel study design, 51 adults (mean ± SEM age: 47 ± 1 y; BMI: 32.6 ± 0.5 kg/m2) consumed a controlled USDA Healthy US-Style Eating Pattern containing 750 kcal/d less than their estimated energy requirement for 12 wk. Participants were randomly assigned to consume either 5 or 12.5 oz-equivalent (eq)/d of protein foods. The additional 7.5 oz-eq/d came from animal-based protein sources and displaced primarily grains. Objective (wrist-worn actigraphy) and subjective (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale) sleep quality indices were measured at baseline, week 6, and week 12. Results Among all participants, body mass decreased (−6.2 ± 0.4 kg). Dietary protein intake did not affect any objective or subjective sleep quality outcomes measured (repeated measures ANOVA). Over time, objective measures of time spent in bed, time spent sleeping, sleep onset latency, and time awake after sleep onset did not change; however, sleep efficiency improved (1 ± 1%; P = 0.027). Subjectively, global sleep scores [GSS: −2.7 ± 0.4 arbitrary units (au)] and daytime sleepiness scores (−3.8 ± 0.4 au; both P < 0.001) improved over time. The GSS improvement transitioned the participants from being categorized with “poor” to “good” sleep (GSS: >5 compared with ≤5 au of a 0–21 au scale; baseline 7.6 ± 0.4 au, week 12: 4.8 ± 0.4 au). Conclusions Although objective sleep quality may not improve, adults who are overweight or obese and poor sleepers may become good sleepers while consuming either the recommended or a higher-protein energy-restricted Healthy US-Style Eating Pattern. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03174769.

scholarly journals Good sleep quality is associated with better academic performance among Sudanese medical students

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyder Osman Mirghani ◽  
Osama Salih Mohammed ◽  
Yahia Mohamed Almurtadha ◽  
Moneir Siddig Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Good Sleep

Comparing Objective and Subjective Measures of Sleep Loss with Balance Performance in Farmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Devan Sedlacek ◽  
Matthew Beacom ◽  
Sabin R. Bista ◽  
Risto Rautiainen ◽  
Ka-Chun Siu
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
List Type ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Previous Night ◽  
Total Displacement

HighlightsThe farming population is at risk of injury due to sleep deprivation.Loss of sleep during previous night affects balance performance in farmers.Objective measures of sleep are more reliable than subjective measures for predicting balance performance.Abstract. This study aimed to investigate the ability of both subjective and objective sleep measures to predict balance difficulty in agricultural workers. Seven male farmers from rural Nebraska were analyzed for static balance performance following a bout of sleep. Actiwatches were used to measure objective sleep hours and subjective questionnaires, including the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, were used to measure subjective hours of sleep and sleep quality. The participants were observed for 12 sessions, with six in planting season and six in harvest season. Static balance testing consisted of measuring the area, total displacement, and maximum range in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions of the individual’s center of pressure with Tekscan pressure mats. Overall, it was found that objective measures had a higher correlation with the magnitude of balance deviations than subjective measures. Keywords: Actiwatch, Agricultural worker, Injury, Sleep deprivation.

scholarly journals Sleep Duration and Sleep Quality Are Associated with Physical Activity in Elderly People Living in Nursing Homes

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lovro Štefan ◽  
Goran Vrgoč ◽  
Tomislav Rupčić ◽  
Goran Sporiš ◽  
Damir Sekulić
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Long Sleep ◽  
Good Sleep

The main purpose of the study was to explore the associations of sleep duration and sleep quality with physical activity (PA). In this cross-sectional study, participants were 894 elderly individuals (mean age 80 ± 3 years; 56.0% women) living in nursing homes. PA, sleep duration, and sleep quality (based on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)) were self-reported. The associations of sleep duration and sleep quality with PA at the nursing home level were analyzed using generalized estimating equations with clustering. Participants reporting short sleep duration (<6 h; OR = 0.45; 95% CI 0.25–0.80) were less likely to report sufficient PA, yet those reporting long sleep duration (>9 h; OR = 2.61; 95% CI 1.35–5.02) and good sleep quality (<5 points; OR = 1.59; 95% CI 1.19–2.12) were more likely to report sufficient PA. When sleep duration and sleep quality were entered into the same model, the same associations remained. This study shows that elderly individuals who report short sleep duration are less likely to meet PA guidelines, while those who report long sleep duration and good sleep quality are more likely to meet PA guidelines. Strategies aiming to improve sleep duration and sleep quality are warranted.

scholarly journals O020 What helped you and what prevented you from getting good sleep? Contribution of daily facilitators and barriers to adolescent sleep

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A9-A10
Author(s):  
S Maskevich ◽  
L Shen ◽  
J Wiley ◽  
S Drummond ◽  
B Bei
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Previous Night ◽  
Quality Sleep ◽  
Sleep Environment ◽  
Facilitators And Barriers ◽  
Good Sleep

Abstract Introduction This intense longitudinal study examined factors that facilitate and hinder sufficient and good quality sleep in adolescents’ everyday life. Methods 205 (54.2% female, 64.4% non-white) Year 10–12 adolescents (Mage = 16.9 ± 0.9) completed daily morning surveys and wore actigraphy over 2 school-weeks and 2 subsequent vacation-weeks. Morning surveys assessed self-reported sleep and the usage of 8 facilitators and 6 barriers of sleep from the previous night. Linear mixed-effects models examined contribution of facilitators/barriers to actigraphy and self-reported total sleep time (TST) and sleep onset latency (SOL), controlled for age, sex, race, place of birth, and study day. Schooldays/non-schooldays was included as a moderator. Results Seven facilitators and two barriers were endorsed by high proportions (&gt;30%) of adolescents as frequently (≥50% days) helping/preventing them from achieving good sleep. Facilitators predicting longer TST and shorter SOL, were: “follow body cues”, “manage thoughts and emotions”, “create good sleep environment”, “avoid activities interfering with sleep” and “plan bedtime and go to bed as planned” (only TST on schooldays). Barriers predicting shorter TST and longer SOL, were: “pre-bedtime thoughts and emotions”, “unconducive sleep environment”, “activities interfering with sleep”, “inconsistent routines” and “other household members’ activities”. Overall, facilitators or barriers explained an additional 1–5% (p-values &lt; .001) of variance beyond the covariates. Discussion Adolescents perceive a range of factors as facilitating and as preventing sufficient and good quality sleep in everyday life. These factors are predictive of their sleep duration and onset latency, and need further research to understand their functions and clinical implications.

The Relationship between Goal Proximity and Specificity in Bowling: A Field Experiment

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven H. Frierman ◽  
Robert S. Weinberg ◽  
Allen Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Level Of Confidence ◽  
Goal Condition ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this investigation was twofold: to determine if individuals who were assigned specific, difficult goals perform better than those assigned “do your best” goals, and to examine the importance of goal proximity (longterm vs. short-term) on bowling performance. Subjects were 72 students enrolled in two beginning bowling courses at a 4-year university. They were matched according to baseline bowling averages and then randomly assigned to one of four goal-setting conditions. A 4 × 5 (Goal Condition × Trials) ANOVA with repeated measures on the last factor revealed a significant goal condition main effect, with the long-term goal group improving more than the do-your-best group. No other performance comparisons reached significance. Questionnaire data revealed that subjects in all three numerical goal conditions rated their level of confidence significantly higher than the do-your-best goal group in Week 1, but the long-term goal group displayed a significantly higher level of confidence than the other three goal groups in Week 4. All other questions indicated that all groups tried hard and were committed to and accepted their goals.

scholarly journals Work Motivation: Directing, Energizing, and Maintaining Effort (and Research)

2012 ◽  
pp. 504-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam M. Grant ◽  
Jihae Shin
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Expectancy Theory ◽  
Job Design ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Setting Theory

This chapter provides an overview of contemporary research on work motivation. We start by identifying the central premises, controversies, and unanswered questions related to five core theoretical perspectives on work motivation: expectancy theory, equity theory, goal-setting theory, job design, and self-determination theory. We then discuss four current topics and new directions: collective motivation and organizing, temporal dynamics, creativity, and the effects of rewards.

Positive Parenting Behaviors: Impact on the Early Vocabulary of Infants/Toddlers With Cochlear Implants

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1210-1221
Author(s):  
Edith L. Bavin ◽  
Julia Sarant ◽  
Luke Prendergast ◽  
Peter Busby ◽  
Greg Leigh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Vocabulary Development ◽  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parent Child

Purpose To extend our knowledge about factors influencing early vocabulary development for infants with cochlear implants (CIs), we investigated the impact of positive parenting behaviors (PPBs) from the Indicator of Parent Child Interaction, used in parent–child interactions during everyday activities. Method Implantation age for the sample recruited from CI clinics in Australia ranged from 6 to 10 months for 22 children and from 11 to 21 months for 11 children. Three observation sessions at three monthly intervals were coded for use of PPBs. Children's productive vocabulary, based on the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories parent checklist, was collected approximately 6 and 9 months later. A repeated-measures negative binomial generalized linear mixed-effects model was used to investigate associations between the total PPBs per session, covariates (maternal education, gender, and time since implant), and the number of words produced. In follow-up analyses with the PPBs entered separately, variable selection was used to retain only those deemed informative, based on the Akaike information criterion. Results As early as Session 1, associations between the PPBs and vocabulary were identified. Time since implant had a positive effect. For different sessions, specific PPBs (descriptive language, follows child's lead, and acceptance and warmth) were identified as important contributors. Conclusions Complementing previous findings, valuable information was identified about parenting behaviors that are likely to impact positively the early vocabulary of infants with CIs. Of importance is providing parents with information and training in skills that have the potential to help create optimal contexts for promoting their child's early vocabulary development.

Exposure to microwave radiation has no impact on the global sleep quality of people living in the vicinity of base transceiver stations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-514
Author(s):  
Margaret Messiah Singh ◽  
Priyanka Chandel ◽  
Atanu Kumar Pati ◽  
Arti Parganiha
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Anal Ysis ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Base Transceiver Station ◽  
Good Sleep

Occupational exposure to microwave radiation (MWR) has become an inevi-table part of life. Therefore, it is essential to assess the MWR effect on hu-man health. In this study, we examined the non-thermal effect of MWR from base transceiver station (BTS) on humans' sleep quality. Total 1150 partici-pants of different zones based on distance from BTS (145 from inter-tower/zone A; 256 from 0-150m/zone B; 241 from 150-300m/zone C, 381 from 300-500m/zone D), and 127 controls from the area without BTS installations were included. We recorded the electric field strength at the subject’s resi-dence using NBM-550 equipped with probe EF0-391. We assessed the sub-jects' sleep quality by administering the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Ques-tionnaire. ANOVA revealed statistically significantly higher electric-field strength in zone B and zone A. Participants of all the groups exhibited a glob-al PSQI score less than the accepted median score of <5. This implies that subjects of all groups had good sleep quality. However, a more detailed anal-ysis using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests revealed that the participants of exposed zones (except zone D), females, and residents of the 1-5y group had decreased sleep quality compared to control, males, and subjects of >5y group, respectively. From the above findings, it can be con-cluded that the MWR had little effect on the sleep quality, but it does modu-late sleep parameters within the accepted range of good sleep quality as a function of the zone, gender, and year of residence. However, extensive studies involving more BTS are desirable to validate the above conclusion.

Association of magnesium intake with sleep duration and sleep quality: findings from the CARDIA study

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijia Zhang ◽  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Liping Lu ◽  
Kristen L Knutson ◽  
Mercedes R Carnethon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Dietary History ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Depression Status ◽  
Intake Ratio

Abstract Study Objectives As an antagonist of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) has been implicated in the regulation of sleep. We aimed to examine the longitudinal associations of Mg intake and Ca-to-Mg intake ratio (Ca:Mg) with sleep quality and duration. Methods The study sample consisted of 3,964 participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Dietary and supplementary intake of Mg were obtained using the CARDIA Dietary History at baseline (1985–1986), exam years 7 and 20. Self-reported sleep outcomes were measured at years 15 and 20. Sleep quality was rating from 1 (very good) to 5 (very bad). We categorized sleep duration to &lt;7, 7–9, and &gt;9 h. Generalized estimating equation was used to examine the associations of interest as repeated measures at the two time points. Results After adjustment for potential confounders, Mg intake was borderline associated with better sleep quality [highest quartile (Q4) vs. intake quartile (Q1): odds ratio (OR) = 1.23; 95% CI = 0.999, 1.50, ptrend = 0.051]. Participants in Q4 were also less likely to have short sleep (&lt;7 h) compared to those in Q1 (OR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.51, 0.81, ptrend = 0.012). The observed association with short sleep persisted among participants without depressive disorders (Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.49, 0.82, ptrend &lt; 0.001), but not among individuals with depressive disorder. Ca:Mg was not associated with either outcomes, regardless of depression status. Conclusions Mg intake was associated with both sleep outcomes in this longitudinal analysis. Randomized controlled trials with objective measures of sleep are warranted to establish the potential causal inference.

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