scholarly journals A Study of English Phonetic Teaching Strategies From the Perspective of Embodied Cognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 556-560
Author(s):  
Xinzhu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Embodied Cognition ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Conditions For Learning ◽  
Teaching Situation ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
Correct Pronunciation ◽  
Listening And Speaking

The mastery of language is inseparable from obtaining phonetic knowledge, and forming correct pronunciation is one of the necessary conditions for learning languages. Good English pronunciation can promote the learning of listening and speaking. English phonetic knowledge is so abstract to grasp that in primary schools, combining the characteristics of children’s cognitive development, English teachers should mobilize students’ body and mind to learn together, and construct embodied teaching situation to guide students to form standardized pronunciation gradually through the process of interaction between their body and environment. So that students will lay a solid phonetic foundation for their oral communication in the future, and the comprehensive development of their comprehensive English quality will be promoted.

Perfecting Communication Skills of the Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dr. Neeta Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Effective Communication ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Listening Skills ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Listening And Speaking

Abstract Communication is a process of sharing information through speech, writing, gestures or symbols between two or more people. The focus of the present paper is oral communication and the language under consideration is English. The teacher should adopt a student centered approach. The learners should be encouraged to do things in the class which result in developing their communication skills. The trainer has to focus on both the linguistic and paralinguistic features of the communication process while enhancing learners’ communication skills. These features involve the effective use of words, forming grammatically intelligible sentences and an appropriate use of voice and intonation. The teacher should encourage and train his students to use positive body language while listening and speaking. In order to hone the communication skills of the learners, it is very important to make the learners comfortable with the language they have to communicate in. Shedding their inhibitions is also one of the pivotal areas of concerns. This paper explores different techniques that could be useful while training students in communication skills. Communication is a process of sharing information through speech, writing, gestures or symbols between two or more people. The focus of the present paper is oral communication and the language under consideration is English. The major elements of a communication process are sender, receiver, message and feedback. Effective communication is a two way process. It involves both expressive (speaking) skills and receptive (listening) skills. It entails receiver’s understanding of the message sent by the sender and his feedback to the sender. Listening plays a very important role in the language learning process. It is the most primary of the four basic skills of any language i.e. Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing. Listening paves way for speaking. One can never be a good speaker if one is not a good listener. An effective communicator is first a good listener and then a good speaker. According to Tickoo ( 2003 ), ‘Good listening skills not only lay the foundations of good speech, but they grow best through effective communication’.

scholarly journals Green spaces and cognitive development in primary schoolchildren

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (26) ◽  
pp. 7937-7942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payam Dadvand ◽  
Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen ◽  
Mikel Esnaola ◽  
Joan Forns ◽  
Xavier Basagaña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren

Exposure to green space has been associated with better physical and mental health. Although this exposure could also influence cognitive development in children, available epidemiological evidence on such an impact is scarce. This study aimed to assess the association between exposure to green space and measures of cognitive development in primary schoolchildren. This study was based on 2,593 schoolchildren in the second to fourth grades (7–10 y) of 36 primary schools in Barcelona, Spain (2012–2013). Cognitive development was assessed as 12-mo change in developmental trajectory of working memory, superior working memory, and inattentiveness by using four repeated (every 3 mo) computerized cognitive tests for each outcome. We assessed exposure to green space by characterizing outdoor surrounding greenness at home and school and during commuting by using high-resolution (5 m × 5 m) satellite data on greenness (normalized difference vegetation index). Multilevel modeling was used to estimate the associations between green spaces and cognitive development. We observed an enhanced 12-mo progress in working memory and superior working memory and a greater 12-mo reduction in inattentiveness associated with greenness within and surrounding school boundaries and with total surrounding greenness index (including greenness surrounding home, commuting route, and school). Adding a traffic-related air pollutant (elemental carbon) to models explained 20–65% of our estimated associations between school greenness and 12-mo cognitive development. Our study showed a beneficial association between exposure to green space and cognitive development among schoolchildren that was partly mediated by reduction in exposure to air pollution.

scholarly journals Analisis Perkembangan Kognitif Anak Usia Dasar dan Implikasinya dalam Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Andesta Bujuri
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
Strategy Model ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
Operational Phase ◽  
Concrete Operational ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
High Level

<p>The human as human being should experience the development every time, including on the basic age of child (7-13 years old). One of important aspects of  human development is cognitive aspect. Cognitive development is an comprehensive development relating with thinking ability, such as the ability of thingking, reasoning, expressing idea, imagination and creativity. According to Piaget’s theory, the cognitive development of basic age child consists of two phases: the first is concrete operational phase (7-11 years old) that is a phase where the child has been able to function his/her mind to think logical, rational and objective, but it is just limited on the object concrete.  The second is formal operational phase (11-12 more years old) that is a phase where the child has used his/her mind to think a matter which will be or ought to be happening (hyphotheses) and a abstract matter. In spite of the same phase, cognitive development of child has difference in every age level that it is very significant to be known especially in education scope in teaching and learning process. Referred to new version of Talksonomi Bloom Theory, the child who is 7 years old has been at C1, C2 and C3 level but it is still limited, age 8 years is C2 and C3 level; age 9 years is C3 level which is high level; age 10 years is C3, C4 and C5 level which is limited, age 11 years is C4, C5 and C5 level; and 12 years more is C6 level which is better. The significance of comprehension about the cognitive ability level of child becomes reference to choose material lesson, to determine strategy, model and learning method. The purpose is to able to create effective learning and to be able to comprehend the material maximally which it is hopefully compatible with the belonging of child’s cognitive ability.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keyword : </strong>Cognitive Development, Basic Age Child, Teaching and Learning<strong> </strong></p>

FORMATION OF FOREIGN-LANGUAGE PHONETIC COMPETENCE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING IN GENERAL SCHOOL EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
Vol XIII (XIII) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
I.A. GROKHOVSKAYA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
English Language Learning ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Correct Pronunciation ◽  
General School ◽  
Language Competencies ◽  
Development Of Students

This article discusses the peculiarities of developing the phonetic skills of students in English lessons. The study of the phonetic system is a rather complex aspect in the system of mastering foreign-language competencies in English lessons at school. That is why it is necessary to lay the foundation for correct pronunciation and articulation at the initial stage of training followed by the development of this skill which contributes to the development of students' abilities in oral communication in a foreign language.

Competencias de comunicación oral en la educación primaria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Rodero ◽  
Isabel Rodríguez-de-Dios
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Written Word ◽  
Educación Primaria ◽  
Oral Skills ◽  
Listening And Speaking ◽  
Current Weight ◽  
Made In

Writing and reading have long been considered to be the two most important skills that pupils must master perfectly. For this reason, written competence has been the protagonist in education, while oral communication via listening and speaking has traditionally remained in the background. However, most criticisms of this prevalence have not been based on empirical studies but on simple verifications that are old and have not been applied to Spain. Given the lack of data and the importance of oral communication nowadays, the aim of this study is to determine the current weight of oral skills in primary education. For this purpose, 433 teachers answered an online questionnaire to determine the importance of each skill, the work dedicated to each, the activities to develop them, and the students’ perceptions. The results indicated that, although most teachers believe that the way in which oral competencies are taught has changed, these skills should have still greater importance. In fact, they consider that the content included in the school curriculum is insufficient. Teachers claim to devote similar percentages of time to writing and speaking, but not so much to listening. In addition, they consider that students experience greater satisfaction when carrying out activities related to oral skills. In conclusion, although the results are positive and some progress is being made in developing oral communication, there is still room for improvement to achieve full equivalence with the written word. Resumen La escritura y la lectura se han concebido durante muchos años como los dos canales superiores de conocimiento que los alumnos deben dominar a la perfección. Por esta razón, la competencia escrita ha sido la protagonista en la educación, mientras la oralidad, la escucha y el habla, han quedado tradicionalmente en un segundo plano. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los autores que denuncian esta prevalencia de lo escrito no se han basado en estudios sino en simples constataciones, ya antiguas, que no se han aplicado a España. Ante la falta de datos y el reconocimiento de la importancia en nuestros días de la comunicación oral, esta investigación surge con el objetivo de determinar el actual peso que tienen las competencias orales en la educación primaria. Para ello, se realizó un cuestionario online a 433 docentes destinado a conocer la importancia de cada competencia, la frecuencia de trabajo de cada una, las actividades para desarrollarlas y la percepción de los alumnos. Los resultados indicaron que, aunque la mayoría del profesorado cree que la forma de enseñar competencias orales ha cambiado, deberían tener una mayor importancia. De hecho, consideran que los contenidos propuestos en el currículo escolar no son suficientes para trabajarlas. Los docentes afirman destinar un porcentaje similar a la escritura y al habla, pero no tanto a la escucha. Además, creen que los estudiantes experimentan una mayor satisfacción cuando realizan actividades relacionadas con la competencia oral. En conclusión, aunque los resultados son positivos y se está avanzando en el desarrollo del código oral, aún queda margen de mejora para lograr la plena equiparación con el escrito.

Een Taalportfolio Voor Docenten In Het Basisonderwijs

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
Rian Aarts ◽  
Peter Broeder
Keyword(s):  
Primary Education ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Evaluation ◽  
Teaching Language ◽  
Teaching Situation ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Language Meaning

This article focuses on the development of a language portfolio for teachers in primaty education. Portfolios are being used more and more in education, particularly in higher education. But also in primary education, a language portfolio for pupils (which has been accredited by the European Council) has been introduced and turned out to be useful, especially in schools with a multicultural population. Following the same guidelines as in the pupil's portfolio, a language portfolio for teachers has been developed. The first version of this portfolio has been used in a small-scale evaluation. It turned out that the language portfolio for teachers can function as an instrument for the evaluation and documentation of the language, didactic and cultural knowledge, and skills of teachers. Teachers can use the portfolio to assess their own proficiencies and to collect and store documentation of their proficiencies. Major differences were foundin the views of language teachers in primary schools (teachers of Turkish and Arabic) and those of general teachers. The latter group expressed their doubts about the usefulness of the language portfolio in their teaching situation, as teaching language (meaning: teaching English) is only a small part of their task. Recent developments in primary education, however, seem to point to a growing importance of languages in this type of education. In this case, language portfolios could prove to be useful instruments.

scholarly journals Speaking Assessment at Secondary and Higher Secondary Levels and Students’ Deficiency in Speaking Skill: A Study to Find Interdependence

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 234-251
Author(s):  
Zakia Noor Matin
Keyword(s):  
National Curriculum ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Communicative Language Teaching ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Speaking Assessment ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Listening And Speaking

For a comprehensive development of students’ communication skills, reading, writing, listening and speaking are equally important to be emphasized. At the learning process, assessment is the final step where the learners get feedback of what they have been taught and how much they have learned. The study aims to show the current approach of assessing students’ English speaking skill (the most important medium of communication) at the Secondary and Higher Secondary levels, and how far this approach helps students develop language skills. Finally, the study intends to find out the reason of students’ reluctance in improving English speaking skill and evaluate their sufferings at the tertiary level. A survey was conducted among one hundred students of three private universities. Majority of them have come from Bangla medium institutions. The syllabuses (2008), text books and question papers (2006 to 2010) are used as reference for this study. The research was exploratory and three private universities of Dhaka city were selected as study area. Irrespective of the discipline of the study, 100 students were interviewed through a structured questionnaire. The academic practice of the students in secondary and higher secondary levels was portrayed retrospectively and the obstacles they were facing at the tertiary level were analysed according to the objective of the study. This is also a finding which shows a rift between the objective of introducing Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) and the assessment technique followed by National Curriculum and Text Books Board. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sje.v7i0.14476 Stamford Journal of English; Volume 7; Page 234-251

The Research on the Sustainable Development of Chinese Rural Cultural Architecture

2011 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Shu Ting Li ◽  
Kun Zhou ◽  
Jia Ping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Educational Facilities ◽  
Cultural Center ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
Rural Teaching ◽  
Regional Design

In the new rural construction of our country, the key jobs are to increase the cultural facilities at rural and to improve the cultural level of rural residents. But with the accelerating process of urbanization and the start of rural primary schools "closing and merging schools”, the rural settlement is showing a rapid declining trend. This article profits from the regional design concept and method in Taiwan rural education construction and summarizes the successful experiences on the functional constitution ways, campus openness, ecology design strategies as well as regional design methods. With the present development situation of our rural areas, the author makes an integrated design of rural teaching rooms and other cultural and educational facilities. And then proposed a concept of "Rural Cultural Center" to support the heritage of local traditional culture, and thus to promote the comprehensive development of rural areas.

scholarly journals Using Tongue Twister to Improve Students’ Pronunciation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Dewi Lutfiani
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Foreign Language Learners ◽  
Correct Pronunciation ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
Tongue Twister ◽  
Basic Ability ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Teaching Pronunciation

peaking skill comprises five components; pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar,fluency and accuracy, which are very essential in delivering messages orinformation clearly. As one of the five components of speaking, pronunciationis an essential component in oral communication and a basic ability of speakingEnglish. Since English is a foreign language, correct pronunciation becomesa crucial matter to avoid misunderstanding between a speaker and a listener.Therefore, teaching pronunciation to EFL students is very essential, and it is notan easy task for English teachers. The main reason is that English pronunciationis difficult for most foreign language learners since what is written is differentfrom what is spoken. Regarding the difficulty of the students, teachers shouldbe creative to select a technique of teaching pronunciation. One techniquethat is suitable for teaching pronunciation is tongue twister. This techniquewas applied to the eleventh grade of SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Jember in the2015/2016 academic year. The results of the classroom action research whichwas done in two cycles showed 77.14% students got score ≥75 and 77.13% ofthe students were active in teaching learning process. The results had met thecriteria of success of the research.

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