Intensification of neoadjuvant therapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Z. Z. Mamedli ◽  
A. V. Polynovskiy ◽  
D. V. Kuzmichev ◽  
S. I. Tkachev ◽  
A. A. Aniskin

The aim of the study: to increase the frequency of achieving pathologic complete response and increase disease-free survival in the investigational group of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer T3(MRF+)–4N0–2M0 by developing a new strategy for neoadjuvant therapy.Materials and methods. In total, 414 patients were assigned to treatment. Control group I included 89 patients who underwent radiotherapy (RT) 52–56 Gy/26–28 fractions with concurrent capecitabine twice daily 5 days per week. Control group II included 160 patients who underwent RT 52–56 Gy/26–28 fractions with concurrent capecitabine twice daily 5 days per week and oxaliplatin once a week, during the course of RT. Study group III consisted of 165 patients. This group combined RT 52–56 Gy/26–28 fractions with concurrent capecitabine twice daily 5 days per week and additional consecutive CapOx cycles. This group was divided into 2 subgroups: subgroup IIIa included 106 patients with consolidating chemotherapy (after CRT); subgroup IIIb included 59 patients who underwent “sandwich” treatment. Therapy consisted of conducting from 1 to 2 cycles of induction CapOx (up to CRT) and from 1 to 2 cycles of consolidating CapOx with an interval of 7 days. In the interval between the courses of drug therapy, RT 52–56 Gy/26–28 fractions was performed. According to the results of the control examination, further treatment tactics were determined. The primary end points were 5-year disease-free survival and the achievement of a pathologic complete response.Results. Pathologic complete response was significantly more often recorded in patients in the investigational group III (17.48 %; p = 0.021) compared with control groups (7.95 % in the I group and 8.28 % in the II group). 5-year disease-free survival in patients in the study groups was: 71.5 % in the III group, 65.6 % in the II group and 56.9 % in the I group.Conclusion. The shift in emphasis on strengthening the neoadjuvant effect on the tumor and improving approaches to drug therapy regimens have significantly improved disease-free survival of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 439-439
Author(s):  
J. Gu

439 Background: This study is a retrospective analysis to investigate the efficiency of short-course preoperative radiotherapy following standardized total mesorectal excision (TME) for locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods: Clinical data of locally advanced mid-low rectal cancer who received TME in Beijing Cancer Hospital from 2001 to 2005 were collected retrospectively. Survival analysis was performed between patients who had TME following short-course preoperative radiotherapy (biological equivalent dose: 36Gy) or TME alone at the corresponding period. Results: Two hundred and sixty-three patients were eligible for analysis including 101 patients who received TME plus preoperative radiotherapy (PRT group) and 162 patients with TME alone (TME group). The occurrence of TNM downstaging in PRT group was 49.5%, including five percent who had complete response. The local reccurence rate was 4% in PRT group and 8.4% in TME group, with statistically different (p=0.04). An significant improved 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival was obtained in PRT group comparing with TME group (77.2% vs. 69.8%, p=0.04; 76.2% vs. 67.3%, p=0.03). Conclusions: Improved local control and survival benefits could be achieved by short-course preoperative radiotherapy on the basis of standardized TME for locally advanced rectal cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
A. S. Abdujapparov ◽  
S. I. Tkachev ◽  
V. A. Aliev ◽  
D. S. Romanov ◽  
J. M. Madyarov ◽  
...  

Objective: comparison of the effectiveness of the results of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer using classical and hypofractionated schedule of radiation therapy.Materials and methods. This study is based on a retrospective analysis of a database of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (T3C–D, positive circumferential resection margin or T4) who underwent a prolonged course of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery. The patients were divided into two groups: the first (main) group, 71 patients who received a course of chemoradiotherapy in hypofractionation schedule as part of neoadjuvant treatment (4 Gy × 40 Gy, 3 fractions per week) in combination with chemotherapy with capecitabine 1650 mg / m2 in two doses on weekdays. The second group (control group) included 79 patients who treated with long-course chemoradiotherapy in the classic fractionation mode (2 Gy × 50–58 Gy, 5 fractions per week) in combination with chemotherapy with capecitabine 1650 mg / m2 in two doses on weekdays. In the preoperative period, along with chemoradiotherapy, 4–8 courses of the systemic chemotherapy in the CapOx mode was used. The primary endpoint of this study was pathological complete response. Secondary endpoints included the seve rity of early radiation and hematological toxicity, the incidence of local recurrence, distant metastases, overall and disease-free survival. Results. The study included 150 patients. The overall frequency of acute radiation toxicity of grade III–IV was 5.6 % in the main group and 8.9 % in the control group (p = 0.658), from them hematological toxicity – 2.82 % and 7.6 %, respectively (p = 0.350), skin and pelvic organ toxicity – 2.82 % and 1.3 %, respectively (p = 0.926). Complete pathological response of III degree in the groups achieved 22.5 % and 19 %, respectively (p = 0.593), grade IV – 18.3 % and 15.2 %, respectively (p = 0.829). In the main and control groups, 4.2 % and 3.8 % of local recurrence were registered, respectively (p = 0.954; hazard ratio (HR) 1.05; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.21–5.22). The median time of disease-free survival was 39.4 months. The three-year disease-free survival in the main group was 73.2 % and in the control group 64.6 %, respectively (p = 0.353; HR 0.79; 95 % CI 0.42–1.35). The three-year overall survival in the main and control groups were 84.5 % and 82.3 %, respectively (p = 0.743; HR 0.87; 95 % CI 0.39–1.92). Conclusions. The hypofractionation schedule can be considered as an alternative and not inferior to the standard dose fractionation regimen in a prolonged course of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. 


2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shahab Hajibandeh ◽  
Shahin Hajibandeh

Background. Recent meta-analysis of 21 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) supports the use of adjuvant chemotherapy for nonmetastatic rectal carcinoma. In order to define a subgroup of patients who can potentially benefit from postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, this study aims to review trials investigating adjuvant chemotherapy with respect to stage of disease in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who had undergone surgery for cure (stage II and stage III). Methods. We searched electronic information sources to identify randomised trials evaluating adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stages II and III rectal cancer with overall survival or disease-free survival as outcomes. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network notes on methodology were used to assess the methodological quality of the selected studies. Random-effects models were applied to calculate pooled outcome data. Results. Eight studies reporting total of 5527 patients were selected for analysis. Adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with statistically significant improvement in disease-free survival and overall survival compared to surgery alone in both stage II and stage III cancer. Conclusions. This study indicates that both stage II and stage III rectal cancer patients may benefit from postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. However, the benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients who already had neoadjuvant chemoradiation still remain unknown.


Oncotarget ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (18) ◽  
pp. 8123-8135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Gaedcke ◽  
Andreas Leha ◽  
Rainer Claus ◽  
Dieter Weichenhan ◽  
Klaus Jung ◽  
...  

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