Effect of fig mosaic disease on carbohydrates metabolism and pigments content of fig leaves

2021 ◽  
pp. 439-444
Author(s):  
H. Zare ◽  
A. Zamanifar ◽  
M. Yassaie
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Disease

The ultrastructure of the double membrane-bound bodies and endoplasmic reticulum in serial sections of wheat spot mosaic-affected wheat plants

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 694-695
Author(s):  
M. H. Chen ◽  
C. Hiruki
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Double Membrane ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Scanning Em

Wheat spot mosaic disease was first discovered in southern Alberta, Canada, in 1956. A hitherto unidentified disease-causing agent, transmitted by the eriophyid mite, caused chlorosis, stunting and finally severe necrosis resulting in the death of the affected plants. Double membrane-bound bodies (DMBB), 0.1-0.2 μm in diameter were found to be associated with the disease.Young tissues of leaf and root from 4-wk-old infected wheat plants were fixed, dehydrated, and embedded in Spurr’s resin. Serial sections were collected on slot copper grids and stained. The thin sections were then examined with a Hitachi H-7000 TEM at 75 kV. The membrane structure of the DMBBs was studied by numbering them individually and tracing along the sections to see any physical connection with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes. For high resolution scanning EM, a modification of Tanaka’s method was used. The specimens were examined with a Hitachi Model S-570 SEM in its high resolution mode at 20 kV.

scholarly journals Effects of Vector Maturation Time on the Dynamics of Cassava Mosaic Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Al Basir ◽  
Y. N. Kyrychko ◽  
K. B. Blyuss ◽  
S. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Cassava Mosaic Disease ◽  
Maturation Time ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Dynamical Regimes

AbstractMany plant diseases are caused by plant viruses that are often transmitted to plants by vectors. For instance, the cassava mosaic disease, which is spread by whiteflies, has a significant negative effect on plant growth and development. Since only mature whiteflies can contribute to the spread of the cassava mosaic virus, and the maturation time is non-negligible compared to whitefly lifetime, it is important to consider the effects this maturation time can have on the dynamics. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model for dynamics of cassava mosaic disease that includes immature and mature vectors and explicitly includes a time delay representing vector maturation time. A special feature of our plant epidemic model is that vector recruitment is negatively related to the delayed ratio between vector density and plant density. We identify conditions of biological feasibility and stability of different steady states in terms of system parameters and the time delay. Numerical stability analyses and simulations are performed to explore the role of various parameters, and to illustrate the behaviour of the model in different dynamical regimes. We show that the maturation delay may stabilise epidemiological dynamics that would otherwise be cyclic.

scholarly journals Development of a triple antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for cassava mosaic disease detection using a monoclonal antibody to Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saengsoon Charoenvilaisiri ◽  
Channarong Seepiban ◽  
Mallika Kumpoosiri ◽  
Sombat Rukpratanporn ◽  
Nuchnard Warin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Cassava Mosaic Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Cassava Stem ◽  
Cassava Mosaic Virus

Abstract Background Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) is one of the most devastating viral diseases for cassava production in Africa and Asia. Accurate yet affordable diagnostics are one of the fundamental tools supporting successful CMD management, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to develop an antibody-based immunoassay for the detection of Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV), the only cassava mosaic begomovirus currently causing CMD outbreaks in Southeast Asia (SEA). Methods Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the recombinant coat protein of SLCMV were generated using hybridoma technology. MAbs were characterized and used to develop a triple antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA) for SLCMV detection in cassava leaves and stems. Assay specificity, sensitivity and efficiency for SLCMV detection was investigated and compared to those of a commercial ELISA test kit and PCR, the gold standard. Results A TAS-ELISA for SLCMV detection was successfully developed using the newly established MAb 29B3 and an in-house polyclonal antibody (PAb) against begomoviruses, PAb PK. The assay was able to detect SLCMV in leaves, green bark from cassava stem tips, and young leaf sprouts from stem cuttings of SLCMV-infected cassava plants without cross-reactivity to those derived from healthy cassava controls. Sensitivity comparison using serial dilutions of SLCMV-infected cassava sap extracts revealed that the assay was 256-fold more sensitive than a commercial TAS-ELISA kit and 64-fold less sensitive than PCR using previously published SLCMV-specific primers. In terms of DNA content, our assay demonstrated a limit of detection of 2.21 to 4.08 × 106 virus copies as determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). When applied to field samples (n = 490), the TAS-ELISA showed high accuracy (99.6%), specificity (100%), and sensitivity (98.2%) relative to the results obtained by the reference PCR. SLCMV infecting chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) and coral plant (Jatropha multifida) was also reported for the first time in SEA. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the TAS-ELISA for SLCMV detection developed in this study can serve as an attractive tool for efficient, inexpensive and high-throughput detection of SLCMV and can be applied to CMD screening of cassava stem cuttings, large-scale surveillance, and screening for resistance.

scholarly journals Breeding for Enhancing Legumovirus Resistance in Mungbean: Current Understanding and Future Directions

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Mohan Singh ◽  
Poornima Singh ◽  
Aditya Pratap ◽  
Rakesh Pandey ◽  
Shalini Purwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Bipartite Begomoviruses ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Vigna Species ◽  
Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus

Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) affects several types of leguminous crops, including the Vigna species, which comprises a number of commercially important pulse crops. YMD is characterized by the formation of a bright yellow mosaic pattern on the leaves; in severe forms, this pattern can also be seen on stems and pods. This disease leads to tremendous yield losses, even up to 100%, in addition to deterioration in seed quality. Symptoms of this disease are similar among affected plants; YMD is not limited to mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) and also affects other collateral and alternate hosts. In the last decade, rapid advancements in molecular detection techniques have been made, leading to an improved understanding of YMD-causing viruses. Three distinct bipartite begomoviruses, namely, Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV), Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV), and Horsegram Yellow Mosaic Virus (HgYMV), are known to cause YMD in Vigna spp. Vigna crops serve as an excellent protein source for vegetarians worldwide; moreover, they aid in improving soil health by fixing atmospheric nitrogen through a symbiotic association with Rhizobium bacteria. The loss in the yield of these short-duration crops due to YMD, thus, needs to be checked. This review highlights the discoveries that have been made regarding various aspects of YMD affecting mungbean, including the determination of YMD-causing viruses and strategies used to develop high-yielding YMD-resistant mungbean varieties that harness the potential of related Vigna species through the use of different omics approaches.

scholarly journals Detection and absolute quantification of betasatellites associated with okra yellow vein mosaic disease by qPCR

2020 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 113789
Author(s):  
Christy Jeyaseelan Tharmila ◽  
Christy Jeyaseelan Emmanuel ◽  
M. De Costa Devika ◽  
Warren Shaw Michael
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Quantification ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Yellow Vein Mosaic Disease

scholarly journals THE MOSAIC DISEASE OF SPINACH AS CHARACTERIZED BY ITS NITROGEN CONSTITUENTS.1

1920 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1061-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Jodidi ◽  
S. C. Moulton ◽  
K. S. Markley
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Disease

scholarly journals Soybean mosaic disease (SMD): a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Fazal Ur Rehman ◽  
Maria Kalsoom ◽  
Muhammad Adnan ◽  
Nageen Naz ◽  
Tuffail Ahmad Nasir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Disease

scholarly journals Characterization of Cestrum yellow leaf curling virus: a new member of the family Caulimoviridae

2003 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 3459-3464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Stavolone ◽  
Antonio Ragozzino ◽  
Thomas Hohn
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Primer Binding Site ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Leaf Curling ◽  
Chlorotic Mottle Virus ◽  
Chlorotic Mottle

Cestrum yellow leaf curling virus (CmYLCV) has been characterized as the aetiological agent of the Cestrum parqui mosaic disease. The virus genome was cloned and the clone was proven to be infectious to C. parqui. The presence of typical viroplasms in virus-infected plant tissue and the information obtained from the complete genomic sequence confirmed CmYLCV as a member of the Caulimoviridae family. All characteristic domains conserved in plant pararetroviruses were found in CmYLCV. Its genome is 8253 bp long and contains seven open reading frames (ORFs). Phylogenetic analysis of the relationships with other members of the Caulimoviridae revealed that CmYLCV is closely related to the Soybean chlorotic mottle virus (SbCMV)-like genus and particularly to SbCMV. However, in contrast to the other members of this genus, the primer-binding site is located in the intercistronic region following ORF Ib rather than within this ORF, and an ORF corresponding to ORF VII is missing.

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