scholarly journals The Relationship Between Adjustment and Bereavement-Related Distress: A Longitudinal Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Henderson ◽  
Bert Hayslip, Jr. ◽  
Jennifer K. King
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Coping Skills ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adaptive Coping ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Personal Adjustment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Conjugally Bereaved

The current study assessed 125 conjugally bereaved persons using multiple self-report measures as indicators of personal adjustment and bereavement distress across three times of testing (initial, 6-month, and 3-year follow-up). Cross-lagged panel analyses were conducted to examine the potentially causal relationships between indicators of both adjustment and bereavement distress. Across nearly all measures of general adjustment and bereavement distress, adjustment was significantly more predictive of bereavement distress than bereavement distress was predictive of adjustment from both Time 1 to Time 3 and Time 2 to Time 3. These findings suggest that difficulties in general adjustment may exacerbate bereavement distress and emphasize the importance of interventions targeting the acquisition of adaptive coping skills in conjugally bereaved persons.

The bidirectional association between Internet addiction and depression: a large-sample longitudinal study among Chinese university students (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Jun Guo ◽  
Xia Yang ◽  
Yu-Jie Tao ◽  
Ya-Jing Meng ◽  
Hui-Yao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Panel Model ◽  
Bidirectional Association ◽  
Predictive Effect

BACKGROUND Evidence indicates that Internet addiction (IA) is associated with depression, but longitudinal studies have rarely been reported, and no studies have yet investigated potential common vulnerability or a possible specific causal relationship between these disorders. OBJECTIVE To overcome these gaps, the present 12-month longitudinal study based on a large-sample employed a cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) approach to investigate the potential common vulnerability and specific cross-causal relationships between IA and CSD (or depression). METHODS IA and clinically-significant depression (CSD) among 12 043 undergraduates were surveyed at baseline (as freshmen) and in follow-up after 12 months (as sophomores). Application of CLPM revealed two well-fitted design between IA and CSD, and between severities of IA and depression, adjusting for demographics. RESULTS Rates of baseline IA and CSD were 5.47% and 3.85%, respectively; increasing to 9.47% and 5.58%, respectively at follow-up. Among those with baseline IA and CSD, 44.61% and 34.48% remained stable at the time of the follow-up survey, respectively. Rates of new-incidences of IA and CSD over 12 months were 7.43% and 4.47%, respectively. Application of a cross-lagged panel model approach (CLPM, a discrete time structural equation model used primarily to assess causal relationships in real-world settings) revealed two well-fitted design between IA and CSD, and between severities of IA and depression, adjusting for demographics. Models revealed that baseline CSD (or depression severity) had a significant net-predictive effect on follow-up IA (or IA severity), and baseline IA (or IA severity) had a significant net-predictive effect on follow-up CSD (or depression severity). CONCLUSIONS These correlational patterns using a CLPM indicate that both common vulnerability and bidirectional specific cross-causal effects between them may contribute to the association between IA and depression. As the path coefficients of the net-cross-predictive effects were significantly smaller than those of baseline to follow-up cross-section associations, vulnerability may play a more significant role than bidirectional-causal effects. CLINICALTRIAL Ethics Committee of West China Hospital, Sichuan University (NO. 2016-171)

Ethnic Identity, Procedural Justice, and Offending: Does Procedural Justice Work the Same for Everyone?

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 1314-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle McLean
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Juvenile Delinquents ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Relationship

Identity judgments are central to the theoretical arguments of procedural justice theory. Perceptions of procedural injustice have been argued to compromise an individual’s social identity and contribute to disengagement from group values and norms. Thus, it is important to clarify the relationship between perceptions of procedural justice and specific facets of social identities, such as ethnic identity. This study attempts to evaluate the relationship between these concepts by examining the potential interaction effect between procedural justice and ethnic identity on two measures of offending, self-report and number of arrests, in a longitudinal study of serious juvenile delinquents.

Examining the link between prior suicidality and subsequent suicidal ideation among high-risk US military service members

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (13) ◽  
pp. 2237-2246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie A. Hom ◽  
Mary E. Duffy ◽  
Megan L. Rogers ◽  
Jetta E. Hanson ◽  
Peter M. Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Military Service Members ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackgroundResearch is needed to identify the factors that explain the link between prior and future suicidality. This study evaluated possible mediators of the relationship between: (1) the severity of prior suicidality and (2) suicidal ideation severity at 3-month follow-up among a sample of high-risk military personnel.MethodsUS military service members referred to or seeking care for suicide risk (N = 624) completed self-report psychiatric domain measures and a clinician interview assessing prior suicidality severity at baseline. Three months later, participants completed a self-report measure of suicidal ideation severity. Three separate percentile bootstrap mediation models were used to examine psychiatric factors (i.e. alcohol abuse, anxiety sensitivity, hopelessness, insomnia, posttraumatic stress symptoms, suicidal ideation, and thwarted belongingness) as parallel mediators of the relationship between prior suicidality severity (specifically, suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and overall suicidality – i.e. ideation/attempt severity combined) at baseline and suicidal ideation severity at follow-up.ResultsHopelessness, specifically, and the total effect of all mediators, each significantly accounted for the relationship between prior suicidality severity and subsequent ideation severity across models. In the models with attempt severity and overall suicidality severity as predictors, thwarted belongingness was also a significant mediator.ConclusionsHopelessness, thwarted belongingness, and overall severity of psychiatric indices may explain the relationship between prior suicidality severity and future suicidal ideation severity among service members at elevated suicide risk. Research is needed to replicate these findings and examine other possible mediators.

A Structural Model Examining the Relationship Between Physical Child Abuse, Sexual Victimization, and Marijuana/Hashish Use in Delinquent Youth: A Longitudinal Study

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Dembo ◽  
Linda Williams ◽  
James Schmeidler ◽  
Estrellita Berry ◽  
Werner Wothke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Delinquent Youth ◽  
Juvenile Detainees ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research And Policy

A structural model of the relationships among physical abuse and sexual victimization experiences, marijuana/hashish use (measured by self-report and urine test data) and self-reported delinquent behavior (theft crimes, index offenses, crimes against persons, drug sales and total delinquency) over time was tested in a longitudinal study of juvenile detainees. The hypothesized model was supported by the data. Theoretical, research and policy implications of the results are drawn.

scholarly journals Integrating trauma, self-disturbances, cognitive biases, and personality into a model for the risk of psychosis: a longitudinal study in a non-clinical sample

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Pionke-Ubych ◽  
Dorota Frydecka ◽  
Andrzej Cechnicki ◽  
Martyna Krężołek ◽  
Barnaby Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Psychosis Risk ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Dependent Sample

AbstractThe hypothesis of the psychosis continuum enables to study the mechanisms of psychosis risk not only in clinical samples but in non-clinical as well. The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate self-disturbances (SD), a risk factor that has attracted substantial interest over the last two decades, in combination with trauma, cognitive biases and personality, and to test whether SD are associated with subclinical positive symptoms (PS) over a 12-month follow-up period. Our study was conducted in a non-clinical sample of 139 Polish young adults (81 females, age M = 25.32, SD = 4.51) who were selected for frequent experience of subclinical PS. Participants completed self-report questionnaires for the evaluation of SD (IPASE), trauma (CECA.Q), cognitive biases (DACOBS) and personality (TCI), and were interviewed for subclinical PS (CAARMS). SD and subclinical PS were re-assessed 12 months after baseline measurement. The hypothesized model for psychosis risk was tested using path analysis. The change in SD and subclinical PS over the 12-month period was investigated with non-parametric equivalent of dependent sample t-tests. The models with self-transcendence (ST) and harm avoidance (HA) as personality variables were found to be well-fitted and explained 34% of the variance in subclinical PS at follow-up. Moreover, we found a significant reduction of SD and subclinical PS after 12 months. Our study suggests that combining trauma, cognitive biases, SD and personality traits such as ST and HA into one model can enhance our understanding of appearance as well as maintenance of subclinical PS.

scholarly journals Academic Stress and Suicidal Ideation: Moderated Mediation Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franca Obiageli Okechukwu ◽  
Kalu T. U. Ogba ◽  
Juliet Ifeoma Nwufo ◽  
Ogba Miracle Oluchi ◽  
Onyekachi Blessing Nneka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Coping Skills ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Academic Stress ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Response Scale ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective: To examine the moderated mediation association of coping and resilience on academic stress and suicidal ideation. Method: We sample 505 undergraduate volunteers [including 329(65.1%) males and 176(34.9%) females] from three South-Eastern Nigerian Universities. Participants were administered self-report: Lakaev Academic Stress Response Scale (LASRS; Lakaev, 2006), Scale for Suicidal Ideation (SSI; Beck, Kovacs, & Weissman, 1979), Brief COPE (B-COPE; Carver, 1997) and Resilience Scale (RS-14; Wagnild & Young, 1993). Results: Hayes regression-based PROCESS macro showed that academic stress was a significant predictor of coping. Coping did not significantly predict suicidal ideation but moderated the effect of academic stress on suicidal ideation, such that low or moderate coping with academic stress would most likely lead to suicidal ideation. However, resilience negatively predicted suicidal ideation and was positively associated with academic stress. A Sobel test (z = 3.21, p = .004) confirmed that resilience fully mediated the relationship between academic stress and suicidal ideation.Conclusion: Educational administrators and policy makers should incorporate courses and teachings that entail effective coping skills as well as inculcate resilience especially to fresh undergraduates, since resilient students recover from academic stress given that they practice adequate coping strategies; and such students may not likely ideate about suicide

Comparison of Brief Videos and Articles to Promote Coping Skills Among Student-Athletes

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Tyler L. Malone ◽  
Adam Kern ◽  
Emily Klueh ◽  
Daniel Eisenberg
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
College Student ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Coping Skills ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
College Student Athletes

This study sought to determine the efficacy of particular strategies for delivering information about coping skills for stress to college student-athletes. This study analyzed 166 undergraduate varsity student-athletes. Among these participants, 60.8% were female (n = 101). The authors used a randomized controlled trial to compare video-based and text-based interventions designed to deliver coping skills information. Five weeks after the intervention, the participants completed a follow-up survey containing simple self-report questions regarding the memorability, use, and helpfulness of the coping skills information. In general, both strategies led to the use of coping skills by a sizeable proportion of the sample. The participants in the video-based deep breathing intervention were more than twice as likely to use coping skills compared with participants in the text-based intervention (risk ratio = 2.20, 95% confidence interval [1.02, 4.71], p = .03). Overall, the results suggest that both video- and text-based interventions have the potential to promote coping skills.

A Little Good News - Relationships During Early Stages of COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Holmberg ◽  
Kathryn M Bell ◽  
Kim Cadman
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Good News ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Final Time Point ◽  
The Relationship

Media attention has highlighted the Covid-19 pandemic’s negative effects on romantic relationships (e.g., increased partner aggression). The current mixed-method study also explored potential positive effects, and how the relative balance of positive versus negative effects might have changed over time during the first pandemic wave. Individuals (N = 186) who participated in a pre-COVID study were recruited through MTurk to participate in a four-wave longitudinal follow-up, every two weeks from mid-April to late May 2020. Participants completed an 8-item self-report measure assessing perceived negative and positive effects of the pandemic on their romantic relationship. Multi-level models revealed that perceived positive effects were substantially higher than perceived negative effects at each timepoint, even amongst those who reported being more heavily impacted by the pandemic. Both positive and negative effects were stable across time. Open-ended questions at the final time point were coded for common themes. The most common negative theme centered on increased stress or tension in the relationship, while the most common positive theme discussed the importance of focusing on and appreciating the relationship, including taking advantage of the gift of increased time together the pandemic had brought. Amongst all of the pandemic’s bad news, it is refreshing to consider the possibility of pandemic-related benefits for people’s romantic relationships.

scholarly journals The Association Between Self-Reported and Performance-Based Physical Function With Activities of Daily Living Disability in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra J Mayhew ◽  
Lauren E Griffith ◽  
Anne Gilsing ◽  
Marla K Beauchamp ◽  
Ayse Kuspinar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Physical function limitations precede disability and are a target to prevent or delay disability in aging adults. The objective of this article was to assess the relationship between self-report and performance-based measures of physical function with disability. Methods Baseline data (2012–2015) from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (n = 51,338) was used. Disability was defined as having a limitation for at least one of 14 activities of daily living. Physical function was measured using 14 questions across three domains (upper body, lower body, and dexterity) and five performance-based tests (gait speed, timed up and go, single leg stance, chair rise, and grip strength). Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between physical function operationalized as (i) at least one limitation, (ii) presence or absence of limitations in each individual domain/test, and (iii) number of domains/tests with limitations, with disability. Results In the 21,241 participants with self-reported function data, the odds of disability were 1.87 (95% CI: 1.56–2.24), 6.78 (5.68–8.08), and 14.43 (11.50–18.1) for one, two, and three limited domains, respectively. In the 30,097 participants with performance-based measures of function, the odds of disability ranged from 1.53 (1.33–1.76) for one test limited to 14.91 (11.56–19.26) for all five tests limited. Conclusions Both performance-based and self-report measures of physical function were associated with disability. Each domain and performance test remained associated with disability after adjustment for the other domains and tests. Disability risk was higher when the number of self-report domains and performance-based limitations increased.

Duration of untreated psychosis: impact on 2-year outcome

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. ADDINGTON ◽  
S. VAN MASTRIGT ◽  
D. ADDINGTON
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Duration Of Untreated Psychosis ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Relationship

Background. The duration of untreated psychosis has been postulated to be a predictor of clinical outcome in schizophrenia. Although several prospective studies support the relationship, some studies do not. These differences may be due to a number of methodological issues. The objectives of this study are: (i) to address many of the methodological limitations of earlier studies such as variations in sample size and selection, type of treatment provided, differences in measurement of DUP and outcome, and length of follow-up; and (ii) to examine the relationship between DUP and outcome in a prospective longitudinal study.Method. The DUP of 200 consecutive admissions to a first-episode programme was determined. The sample was followed over 2 years and pre-morbid functioning, symptoms, social and cognitive functioning and substance use were assessed longitudinally.Results. Two years after admission to the programme, longer DUP was significantly associated with high levels of positive symptoms and poor social functioning. Independently of other variables, DUP predicted positive symptoms and social functioning at 1 and 2 years.Conclusions. There is evidence that long DUP continues to have an influence on outcome up to 2 years. These results support ongoing efforts for early detection and intervention.

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