scholarly journals "To Present a List of Russian Orthodox Churches Abroad and the Clergy Attached to Them..." Based on the Materials of the St. Petersburg Archives

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
N.V. Shvarts
Keyword(s):  
Personal Communication ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Central State ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Education Today ◽  
The Government

The article is based on documents from the Russian State Historical Archive and the Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg that have not previously been used by researchers, which contains information about the priests served in Russian Orthodox churches in Italy in the 1860-s. It was then that cities Naples, Florence and Rome were visited by the great Russian writer F.M. Dostoevsky. His travels had coincided with a profound transformation of the government of the overseas churches and updating the staff list of priests. When choosing priests for ministry outside Russia special attention was paid to their education. Today there is no documentary evidence of personal communication between the writer and the clergy, but to analyze the situation and activities of Russian Orthodox churches abroad seems appropriate, because Dostoevsky's interest in all events that took place in Italy was great throughout his life.

The Challenges to Social Control in Brezhnev’s Soviet Union, 1964-1982

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-173
Author(s):  
Fedor L. Sinitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Soviet System ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Government ◽  
General Secretary

This article examines the development of social control in the Soviet Union under Leonid Brezhnev, who was General Secretary of the Communist Party from 1964 to 1982. Historians have largely neglected this question, especially with regard to its evolution and efficiency. Research is based on sources in the Russian State Archive of Modern History (RGANI), the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History (RGASPI) and the Moscow Central State Archive (TSGAM). During Brezhnevs rule, Soviet propaganda reached the peak of its development. However, despite the fact that authorities tried to improve it, the system was ritualistic, unconvincing, unwieldy, and favored quantity over quality. The same was true for political education, which did little more than inspire sullen passivity in its students. Although officials recognized these failings, their response was ineffective, and over time Soviet propaganda increasingly lost its potency. At the same time, there were new trends in the system of social control. Authorities tried to have a foot in both camps - to strengthen censorship, and at the same time to get feedback from the public. However, many were afraid to express any criticism openly. In turn, the government used data on peoples sentiments only to try to control their thoughts. As a result, it did not respond to matters that concerned the public. These problems only increased during the era of stagnation and contributed to the decline and subsequent collapse of the Soviet system.

scholarly journals “A Rare Creature, in Mind, in Heart, in Character” (a Relative of Dostoevsky From Siberia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-200
Author(s):  
Tatyana Panyukova
Keyword(s):  
Local History ◽  
Place Of Birth ◽  
Central State ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Exact Date ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Textual Description ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Family

The article presents the unknown facts in the biographies of people in the family circle of F. M. Dostoevsky: his sister-in-law Olga Kirillovna Snitkina and her mother Nadezhda Ivanovna Obraszhova. His first acquaintance with them belongs to the Dresden period of the writer's life (1869–1870). The sparse information that is currently available about their lives was drawn mainly from Dostoevsky's correspondence with his wife and belongs to a later period. Based on a systematic analysis of the preserved correspondence of the Snitkin family (relatives of the writer's wife), memoirs of contemporaries, genealogical and local history materials, as well as archival searches, their biographies were reconstructed, several unknown documentary sources were introduced into scientific circulation (stored in the Fund of the Department of Heraldry of the Russian State Historical Archive and in the Fund of the St. Petersburg Spiritual Consistory of the Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg), the exact date (May 17, 1873), and the place of birth of one of Anna Grigoryevna Dostoevskaya's nephews — Vanya Snitkin, as well as the maiden name of his mother Olga Kirillovna (née Maryina) were established. The study showed that the lineage of O. K. Snitkin and N. I. Obraszhovoy descends from Siberia and includes representatives of several famous merchant dynasties of the mid-XIX сentury. A brief textual description of the surviving correspondence between this branch of the Snitkin family and the Dostoevsky family is attached to the article.

“Other Turkestan” by Senator Konstantin Palen and engineer Nikolay Shchapov

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6 (104)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Tatiana Kotyukova
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Photo Collections ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Photo Collection

This article is devoted to two practically unknown photo collections that visualize Turkestan at the beginning of the twentieth century. The first, stored in the Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA) and consisting of 4 photo albums, was collected during the Senate audit of the Turkestan Territory under the leadership of Count K. K. Palen in 1908—1909. The second collection of photographs, shot in 1911—1913 in Turkestan, is part of a large and diverse personal photo collection of hydrologist engineer N. M. Shchapov, stored in the Central State Archive of Moscow, the Center for the Storage of Electronic and Audiovisual Documents (TsGAM TsKHEAVD). Photocollections of the Senate audit (under the leadership of K. K. Palen) and hydro engineer N. M. Schapov, in our opinion, can be considered a visualization of modernization in Turkestan and a manifestation at the general imperial level of the appearance of another, industrial, Turkestan.

scholarly journals Naib Baysunghur of Benoy: modern myths and historical facts

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-387
Author(s):  
P. I. Takhnaeva
Keyword(s):  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Ideological Background ◽  
Kaluga Region ◽  
The Republic ◽  
North Ossetia

The article deals with one of the most important and at the same time completely events in the biography of Baysungur of Benoy (1794–1861), the Chechen Naib during the Caucasian War of the 19th cent., namely his stay at Ghunib (August 1859) and his personal presence at the capture of Imam Shamil. This episode has recently attracted much attention and became a subject of various speculations both with a scholarly and ideological background. The author based her research on a wide array of hitherto unknown as well as already published documents. The latter, however, have not received enough attention. The unpublished sources originate from the Russian State Military Historical Archive (Moscow), the State Archive of the Kaluga Region, the Central State Archive of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, etc. This cornucopea of rich historical data allows her to reconstruct in detail the very last period of the Imam Shamil State and to successfully put it within the framework of the and political situation in the Caucasus in 1859. A detailed analysis of numerous local sources, which are written in Arabic and directly originate from the Imam Shamil environment as well as the papers from the headquarters of the Russian Imperial Caucasian Army leads to a convincing conclusion regarding the whereabouts of Naib Baysungur in August 1859. It proves that at that time he was definitively away from Ghunib.

scholarly journals “New” Cossack Troops in Government Projects and Official Notes of the 1860s

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-79
Author(s):  
Alexey Volvenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Western China ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
Colonization Potential ◽  
The Government ◽  
Main Material

Introduction. The article considers the government policy for the Cossacks in the 1860s. During this period, the processes of organization/reorganization of the Cossack troops were most brightly shown. These processes were developed against the background of discussions between imperial officials about the roles and values of the Cossacks from the point of view of his military and colonization potential. Only the Semirechensky (Almaty) army created in 1867 was a “new” Cossack army for the empire. Methods and materials. As the main material for writing the article the contemporary records found in the 330th fund of the Russian state military and historical archive (Moscow) and the Historical archive of Omsk region (Omsk) served. The note of the chief of Tersky region in 1863–1875 M.T. Loris-Melikov “About education of the Transcaucasian Cossack army”, prepared in December, 1868, is of particular importance. The specifics of the sources attracted required the use of methods of source studies in accordance with the type of documents under consideration, followed by the structural analysis of the identified data based on the systematic approach. Discussion. The announced subject is poorly developed in historical literature, and only the studying of Semirechensky Cossack army history has a long tradition. Separately, the question of the place of the Cossacks in the projects for the administrative structure of the Central Asian possessions of the empire and plans for the training of new troops, except for Semirechensk, has not yet been considered in historiography. Analysis. At the initiative of the governor general of Western Siberia A.P. Khrushchov in 1867–1868, projects on the organizations of the Irtysh, Akmola, Semipalatinsk Cossack troops, as well as plans for the resettlement of the Cossacks to the lands bordering Western China, were prepared. Despite the support of the initiatives of A.P. Khrushchov from the Minister of War D.A. Milyutin and the Steppe commission, the projected Cossack troops nevertheless were not created, and the Cossack colonization of border territories did not take place. The negative decision of the authorities was also made on the note of the chief of Tersky region M.T. Loris-Melikov “About education of the Transcaucasian Cossack army” (1868). Conclusions. The article examines the reasons why colonization plans and projects for the creation of new Cossack troops were unclaimed in the 1860s.

scholarly journals ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURES OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN SIBERIA IN THE CONTEXT OF STATE-CONFESSIONAL POLICY (THE 19TH - EARLY 20TH CENTURIES)

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
TATYANA G. NEDZELYUK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Administrative Structures ◽  
Roman Catholics

The article studies the peculiarities of the state and confessional policy of the Russian Empire in the 19th - early 20th centuries in relation to Roman Catholics. The materials that served as the basis for the study are stored both in the Russian State Historical Archive and in the archives of Siberian cities: Tobolsk, Tomsk, Omsk, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk. Government orders of identical content were sent to all Siberian provincial centers, but in Tomsk they are in the best state of preservation, which gave us the opportunity to systematize them and use them for analysis. Government orders of identical content were sent to all Siberian provincial centers, but they are in the Tomsk State Archive in the best degree of preservation, which gave us the opportunity to systematize them and use them for analysis. The study revealed that the initiative to create the first Catholic parishes in Siberia belonged to the government and was dictated by the desire to remove the clergy of the Jesuit оrder from the capital...

scholarly journals «Merger and acquisition»: monopolization of electro technical market in Russia at the beginning of the XX century

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-226
Author(s):  
Alexandr А. Bessolitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Merger And Acquisition ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Central State ◽  
Country House ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Petersburg Region ◽  
The Common ◽  
Economic Modernization

Introduction. The problem of monopolization of the electric and technical market in Russia becomes the most important one during the economic modernization at the edge of XIX–XX centuries when the branches of foreign electric and technical companies are converted into Russian joint stock companies. “Electric illumination company of 1886” becomes the largest company on this market at the beginning of the XX century. Materials and Methods. The article is devoted to the research of the policy of “Electric illumination company of 1886” aimed at the acquisition of the “Shuvalov electric illumination company in Petersburg region” of the largest electro technical company – Joint stock company “Shuvalov electro technical illumination in Petersburg region” established for the purpose of illumination of country-house plots and houses in the suburb of St. Petersburg (Shuvalovo, Ozerki and Pargolovo) at the beginning of the XX century, which is based on the analysis of the archive materials contained in the Russian State Historical Archive (RSHA) and Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg (CSHA SPb.). Results of the Research. Using the example of the activity of such electro technical companies the author reveals the mechanism of “merger and acquisition” of minor joint stock companies by large monopolists who used different methods of pressure on the shareholders and management of the companies. Discussion and Conclusion. In this competitor environment, minor joint stock companies did not have a chance to remain independent even in the case of a fair court decision. The situation of “merger and acquisition” was actually profitable mostly for the companies’ management and for the leading shareholders who, in this case, received regular dividends, but the common customers had to pay according to the prices set forth by monopolies.

scholarly journals Dostoevsky’s Godchildren

2020 ◽  
pp. 240-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Panyukova
Keyword(s):  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
New Information ◽  
Russian State ◽  
First Time

The article, based on archival sources, provides new information about two godchildren of F.M. Dostoevsky: Platon Milyukov (with clarification of the name, date and place of his baptism) and Grigoriy Snitkin (the fact of the writer's participation in the baptism has not yet been noted in the biographical literature). Two authentic metric records found in the Central State Archive of Saint Petersburg are put into scientific circulation, allowing to supplement or correct the information contained in the “Chronicle of the life and work” of the writer. The attraction of documentary sources (stored in the Russian State Historical Archive of service and form lists), analysis of the preserved epistolary, reference and biographical literature allowed to attempt to systematize all available data about Grigoriy Ivanovich Snitkin and for the first time to make a biographical reference about his person, native nephew of Anna Grigoryevna Dostoevsky and godson of the writer – thus adding information about F.M. Dostoevsky’s family circle.

scholarly journals Guilds of German Bakers of St Petersburg in the First Half of the 19th Century: Conflict Resolution Practices and Everyday Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Keller
Keyword(s):  
Production Volume ◽  
Central State ◽  
Market Segments ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Growth Production ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Bread Production ◽  
The 19Th Century

Referring to materials from the Russian State Historical Archive and the Central State Historical Archive of St Petersburg, this article investigates mechanisms of competition and resolving conflicts between tradesmen in St Petersburg and the level of German masters’ adaptation to a new cultural and social environment. It reveals an opportunity to reach a deeper understanding of bread production in the capital over a long period of time. Competitive confrontations between guilds reflect not only the negative aspects of monopolistic tendencies among trade masters, but also the vitality of St Petersburg trades. This manifested itself in constant rivalry among the guilds of Russian and German bread makers, confectioners, pretzel bakers, roll makers, and non-guild pastry makers. The intensive competition could increase or decrease due to national, confessional, cultural, and territorial factors. The 1830s and 1840s were the last period of this open competition: after, all such guilds were united into a single organisation. The author provides a periodisation that conditionally reflects the fundamental stages in the development of the guilds: 1721–1785 (their establishment), 1785–1840s (their flourishing), and the 1850s–1870s (unification and standardisation with new regulations). The struggle for the partial monopolisation of market segments in the 1830s and 1840s pointed to the need for clearer structures. The prosperity, entrepreneurship, and influence of German bakers manifested themselves in the black-market sale of a certain type of securities: bakery certificates whose price could reach 12,000 paper roubles. Bread production in St Petersburg can be used as a positive example of an institution that underwent a century-long cycle of modernisation characteristic of an immobile and conservative society. This cycle of modernisation was based on a catch-up model of development and contributed to dynamic innovation (the introduction of mechanical dough mixers from Germany). The author puts forward a hypothesis that the increase in stiff competition pointed to the limits of the market and thus the limits of growth: production volume could no longer grow arbitrarily, which meant that access to guilds became more restricted.

scholarly journals Foreign Orthodox Churches (Based on Materials from the Archive of the Office of the Holy Synod)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
N.V. Shvarts
Keyword(s):  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Special Place ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Archival Documents

The article is an overview of documents stored in the fund 796 - the Office of the Synod. This is one of the most significant funds of the Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA), which makes it possible to more fully study the activities of the Russian Orthodox Church outside Russia. This article presents an analysis of only one inventory - 143 for 1862. This is the year of the first trip of F.M. Dostoevsky abroad. The trip lasted from June 7 to August 24, and during these months, along with many European cities, the writer will visit Turin, Florence, Milan, Venice. Italy occupies a special place in F.M. Dostoevsky. The writer visited this country three times, and each of the travels was significant in its own way for Fyodor Mikhailovich. But it should not be denied that the impressions received by the writer in other countries undoubtedly shaped his opinions, which were subsequently reflected in the series of essays "Winter Notes on Summer Impressions." Events and possible meetings of F.M. Dostoevsky with compatriots living abroad or traveling will become more understandable when studying archival documents.

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