scholarly journals Existential, Relatedness, Growth (ERG) needs’ dimensions of medical students for rural posting – An analytical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 3310-3317
Author(s):  
J. Shanmugapriya
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Initial Attempt ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Cronbach Alpha ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Final Questionnaire

The retention of rural doctors in India is a very big challenge. Despite the mandatory rural postings, year by year rural health statistics indicate an abysmal picture of rural doctors' vacancies and their shortfalls in many states. Various studies stipulate that rural doctors are quitting rural postings. A reliable instrument to identify the motivational needs of doctors towards their rural postings, suitable to the Indian context, which is vital for both policymakers and doctors alike.  So, this study aims to acquire the reliability of the Existential, relatedness, and Growth needs of Doctors’ questionnaire and to obtain the dimensions of needs as an initial attempt. An ERG motivational need questionnaire was developed to explain the needs of medical graduates and rurally placed physicians in Indian context. A literature search and pilot study with 64 medical students conducted and relevant items were extracted. This study was conducted in Jaipur, Chennai, and Pondicherry. The reduction of items was done through principal component analysis in SPSS. Cronbach Alpha coefficient is considered to measure for internal consistency reliability of the instrument. The instrument is developed with three constructs namely Existential needs (EN), Relatedness Needs (RN), and Growth Needs (GN) with a 5-point Likert scale. The exploratory factor analysis after three rotations converged to 9 factors with 74.103 total variance and 0.606 Kaiser-Meyer- Olkin index indicating sampling adequacy. The initial scale items (with 58 Items) were reduced to 9 factors with 28 items in the final questionnaire. Overall scale is with Cronbach alpha value of 0.851 for these items. The result obtained has proven that the extracted 9 factors have good reliability to obtain the dimensions of Existential, relatedness, and growth needs. The study results have implications in addressing the problem of Rural doctors’ shortage.

scholarly journals Dimensions of Existential, Relatedness and Growth (ERG) Needs of Medical Students for Rural Posting: An Analytical Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Shanmugapriya ◽  
Tanjul Saxena ◽  
Seema Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Initial Attempt ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Final Questionnaire

The retention of rural doctors in India is a very big challenge. Despite the mandatory rural postings, year by year rural health statistics indicate an abysmal picture of rural doctors’ vacancies and their shortfalls in many states. Various studies stipulate that rural doctors are quitting rural postings; the reasons are job dissatisfaction, lack of physical facilities, and the dearth of educational exposure for children, low advancements opportunities, etc. A reliable instrument to identify the motivational needs of doctors towards their rural postings, suitable to Indian context is the need of the hour for both policymakers and doctors alike. So, this study aims to acquire the reliability of the Existential, relatedness, and Growth needs of Doctors’ questionnaire and to obtain the dimensions of needs as an initial attempt. An ERG motivational need questionnaire was developed to determine the needs of medical students and doctors to practice in rural areas of India. A literature search and pilot study with 203 medical students were carried out and appropriate items were extracted. This study was conducted in Jaipur, Chennai, and Pondicherry with 203 medical students. The developed questionnaire was initially with 58 items and reduction of items was done through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The reliability of the instrument was measured using internal consistency reliability, by Cronbach alpha coefficient. The instrument is developed with three constructs namely Existential needs (EN), Relatedness Needs (RN), and Growth Needs (GN) with a 5-point Likert scale. The exploratory factor analysis after five rotations converged to 10 factors with 65.971% of the total variance and 0.855 Kaiser-Meyer- Olkin index indicating sampling adequacy. The initial 58 items were reduced by 32 items in the final questionnaire. Factor loading ranged from 0.439- 0.797, consequently the 10 factors were labelled, and their reliability scores are 0.794, 0.782, 0.760, 0.708, 0.788, 0.802, 0.711, 0.615, 0.645, and 0.525. The result obtained has proven that the extracted 10 factors have good reliability to obtain the dimensions of Existential, relatedness, and growth needs. The study results have implications in addressing the problem of rural doctors’ shortage.

The reliability of the Study burnout inventory among Medical students

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Todorovic ◽  
Z Terzic-Supic ◽  
J Divjak ◽  
S Kocic ◽  
S Radovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Psychometric Characteristics ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Cronbach Alpha ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background The burnout syndrome is increasingly recognized as the factor compromising the mental health of health-care workers. The demands of higher education were reported to influence the development of burnout syndrome among students. Medical students are a significant population as both future health care workers and students with high academic demands. The burnout among medical students has been studied using different questionnaires. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric characteristics of the Study Burnout inventory for the assessment of burnout among medical students. Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted during December of 2019 among the fifth year Medical students at the five Universities in Serbia (University of Belgrade, Novi Sad, Kragujevac, Nis, and Kosovska Mitrovica). The questionnaire used was the Study Burnout Inventory, nine-item scale, measuring three dimensions of burnout (exhaustion from studying- EXH; cynicism toward the meaningfulness of studying-CYN; the sense of inadequacy as a student-INAD). Answers were given on a six-point Lickert scale. The assessment of psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire was done using the reliability analysis (Cronbach alpha-α) and test-retest reliability (intra-class coefficient-ICC). Sensitivity and specificity were assessed using the Receiver operation curves (ROC) compared to the total burnout assessed by the Copenhagen burnout inventory. Results A total of 493 students filled-in the questionnaire. The mean score was 28.95±8.87/54. The Cronbach alpha for the total scale was α = 0.839, for the EXH scale was α = 0.724, for the CYN scale was α = 0.767, and for the INAD scale was α = 0.431. The test-retest reliability was ICC=0.750. The total area under the curve was 0.756 (95% CI: 0.711-0.800). Conclusions The Study Burnout Inventory has good reliability and can be used for rapid assessment of burnout among Medical students, as this scale is short and convenient for the participants. Key messages The Study burnout inventory has a good reliability as a total scale. This short scale is convenient for the participants and can be used for assessment of burnout.

Effects of absence positioning of unknown product ingredients on consumer evaluations

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (9/10) ◽  
pp. 2128-2150
Author(s):  
Timucin Ozcan ◽  
Ahmet M. Hattat ◽  
Michael Hair
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Initial Attempt ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Consumer Evaluations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Results

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of positioning unknown ingredients either with the presence or absence of framing; both are common in marketplace (e.g. Secret® deodorant visibly claims “aluminum chlorohydrate” while Crystal® promotes “no aluminum chlorohydrate”). Design/methodology/approach The authors used three scenario-based experiments. The participants were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk online panel and randomly assigned to a variety of experimental conditions. Findings Initial study results show that consumers have more positive evaluations and purchase intentions for absence positioning than presence positioning, because absence positioning induces greater perceptions of protection. In the second study, these results are extended using multiple ingredients, along with competitor products; they show that absence positioning leads to better evaluations than presence positioning and replicate the mediation effect that was found earlier. In the final study, through manipulating participants’ regulatory focus, the authors show that absence-positioned ingredients have a higher choice share when consumers are in the prevention mindset. Conversely, when customers are in promotion mindset and looking for better performance, presence positioning of ingredients seems to have higher choice shares. Research limitations/implications The research has implications for product development, promotions, labeling and packaging, showing the positive influence of absence positioning of unknown ingredients. Practical implications Marketers may emphasize the absence of unknown ingredients in their products instead of following a strategy that highlights the inclusion of them. Originality/value To the authors’ extant knowledge, this research is an initial attempt to understand how consumers react to promotion of product ingredients. In addition, it contributes to the literature in unknown attributes by showing that absence positioning of certain types of ingredients is perceived better than presence framing of them.

scholarly journals A Study On Financial Self-Efficacy During Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (08) ◽  
pp. 472-483
Author(s):  
Sitangshu Khatua ◽  
◽  
Debdulal Dutta Roy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Online Mode ◽  
Personal Finances ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Financial Goal ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control

Financial Self-efficacy is defined as a person’s observed capability to control his/her personal finances (Lapp, 2010; Postmus, 2011). It refers to one’s beliefs in the abilities to accomplish a financial goal or task. It is the “knowledge and ability to influence and control one’s financial matters” by Fox and Bartholomae (2008). Financial efficacy pattern of people during very critical moment is unknown. The world is experiencing one of the deepest recessions since the Great Depression in the 1930s owing to the novel coronavirus, World Bank President David Malpass has said, terming the COVID-19 pandemic a “catastrophic event” for many developing and the poorest countries. Aim of the study is to examine financial efficacy pattern of people during lockdown period for COVID-19. Data were collected through online mode using financial efficacy scale developed by authors for the study. Results of principal component analysis revealed that during lockdown, financial efficacy is more concerned with financial planning, planned payment and financial coping.

scholarly journals El Comportamiento Etnocentrista De Los Consumidores Jóvenes En Saltillo, Coahuila

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (31) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Adriana Méndez Wong ◽  
Elizabeth Ana Aguilar Garcés ◽  
Juana Alicia Villarreal Cavazos ◽  
Frida María Martínez Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Experimental Measurement ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cronbach Alpha ◽  
Foreign Products ◽  
Study Results

This paper focuses on identifying the young people that show predisposition when consuming foreign products. A Cestscale instrument was applied (Consumer Ethnocentric Tendencies Scale) and developed by Tetence A. Shimp and Sharma S. (1987), and was quoted by Schiffman and Lazar Kanuk (2010). The questions were categorical and the answers were pointed on a Likert scale from 1 to7. The study is descriptive and exploratory with a transversal no experimental measurement. 103 valid polls were obtained with a rate of 95% validating the 17 items instrument with a Cronbach Alpha of 0- 870. The study results show that the interviewed population considered themselves as an ethnocentric buyer. This is because it evaluated the answers to the variant to be high. Also, it statistically confirms that there are no meaningful differences between men and women in regards to their ethnocentric characteristics.

scholarly journals Developing a comprehensive tool to assess professional attitude among physicians and medical students

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Yavari ◽  
Fariba Asghari ◽  
Zahra Shahvari ◽  
Saharnaz Nedjat ◽  
Bagher Larijani
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Professional Attitude ◽  
Final Questionnaire ◽  
Students Attitudes

It appears that up until now, no comprehensive tool has been developed to assess medical students’ attitudes toward the different dimensions of professionalism. The present study aimed to develop a comprehensive quantitative tool to evaluate medical students’ attitudes toward professionalism. This study consisted of two phases: The first phase was item generation and questionnaire design based on literature review and a qualitative survey. The qualitative data were extracted from 49 semi-structured individual interviews and one focus group discussion. In the second phase, the questionnaire was developed and its face, content, and structure validity and reliability were evaluated. To measure the construct validity of the questionnaire, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 354 medical students at different academic levels at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The final questionnaire was loaded on five factors. The factors accounted for 43.5% of the total variance. Moreover, Cronbach's alpha was 0.84 for the total scale, and the interclass correlation coefficient was 0.77 for the test-retest reliability. The 17-item questionnaire measuring medical students’ professional attitude had acceptable validity and reliability and can be adopted in other studies on physicians’ and medical students’ professional attitudes.   

scholarly journals Association between Blood Pressure and Obesity Indices in Medical Students

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Gandhi ◽  
Jitender Sorout ◽  
Rohit Raina ◽  
Abhay Raina ◽  
Urvashi Miglani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Measuring Tape ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Obesity Indices

Introduction: Obesity is strongly associated with other metabolic disorders including Hypertension (HTN), diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD). High Blood Pressure (BP) is ranked as the third most important risk factor for attributable burden of disease in South Asia. Aim: The aim of present was to study the association between BP and obesity indices in medical student’s population. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on a group of 100 healthy young medical students. BP, pulse and Hb O2% was measured by using sphygmomanometer, pulse oximeter. Obesity indices were measured by using weighing machine, stadiometer, measuring tape and impedance based Body Composition Analyser (BCA). Results: There was poor correlation of Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) with Total Body Fat (TF) and the association was not significant. SBP and DBP were mildly correlated with BMI. Whole body Visceral Fat (VF) correlation of SBP was moderate and significant. DBP was correlated with whole body VF and correlation was significant. But the whole body, trunk, leg Skin Fat (SF) and Muscle Fat (MF) were not having significant correlation with SBP and DBP. Finger to heart distance was positively correlated with SBP (p<0.05). Also, O2%, chest and hip size were positively correlated with SBP (p<0.05). Only whole body VF and Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) were significantly (p<0.05) affected SBP. None of the other parameters affected DBP. Conclusion: The present study results found that Body Mass Index (BMI), VF and WHR had significant correlation with systolic and SBP and DBP. VF and WHR were significant predictors of SBP.

scholarly journals Do Thai Medical Students Understand What Does ‘AEC’ Mean? A Cross-sectional Survey.

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Jathurong Kittrakulrat ◽  
Ravipol Jurjai ◽  
Witthawin Jongjatuporn ◽  
Nicha Jarupanich ◽  
Annabel Bhamani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Final Questionnaire ◽  
Asean Economic Community ◽  
Initial List

Background: Thai medical students are inevitably involved in the regional collaborative movement of 10 countries toward the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), this study explored how well they understand the term. Methods: Twelve students proposed an abbreviation list, which was then rated for their difficulty level by another 55 students using a 5-point Likert scale. Three easy, three medium and three difficult abbreviations were randomly chosen and randomly listed in the final questionnaire, along with ‘AEC’. Another randomly selected 60 students were asked to write the full term of the 10 abbreviations. Results: Of 34 abbreviations in the initial list, the selected terms were: CMCTSD, SRL, LSC, SOS, AM, LOL, WHO, USA, UK. They were correctly answered in 0, 0, 0, 6.67, 13.33, 46.67, 81.67, 96.67, and 98.33 percent, respectively. AEC was deemed moderately difficult, as 30% correctly expanded the abbreviation. Conclusion: Majority of medical students lacked an understanding of the current AEC movement.

Development and testing of three unique scales measuring the brand image of nursing

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judi Allyn Godsey ◽  
Tom Hayes ◽  
Clinton Schertzer ◽  
Robert Kallmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Brand Image ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brand Position ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Nurses have been called to be leaders in the transformation of health care and to help improve health-care access for the nation’s most vulnerable populations. However, to lead health-care transformation, the profession of nurses must first see themselves as leaders. Unfortunately, nursing has been described as lacking cohesiveness and failing to communicate a consistent brand image. No empirically tested quantitative tools exist to measure the brand identity of nursing, making it difficult to assess where the profession stands in regard to the mantel of leadership. The purpose of this study was to develop empirically sound instruments which could measure nurses’ perceptions of their professional brand image. A total of three scales were developed and then tested: The Nursing Brand Image Scale, Nursing’s Current Brand Position Scale and Nursing’s Desired Brand Position Scale. Design/methodology/approach The factor structure and internal consistency reliability of each scale were examined following survey administration to a national sample of registered nurses. Principal component analyses were used to explore the factor structure of each scale. Item reduction was achieved through examination of the loading of items across the factors and the impact of the item on internal consistency reliability. Findings Respondents to the survey were nursing alumni who received a baccalaureate or master’s degree in nursing at a private, mid-western university, and nursing faculty affiliated with a private, collegiate network (n = 286). For all scales, principal component analysis showed no inter-item correlations >0.9 or <0.1. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure for sampling adequacy was high and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was significant (p < 0001). The internal consistency reliability of each of the three scales was good to excellent. Current brand position mean scores were highest for the factor “caring advocates for patients/public”, and lowest on “influential leaders”. The most desired brand position mean scores were highest and rated similarly for factors “influential leaders” and “patient-centered caregivers”. Originality/value This study provides strong preliminary evidence for the factor structure and internal consistency reliability for each of the three scales and represents an important first step toward quantitatively measuring the brand image of nursing. However, results suggest there is work to be done if nursing is to formulate and adopt a brand image that consistently reinforces their role as leaders. Further testing of the scales with other nursing populations, the general public and with larger sample sizes is recommended.

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