scholarly journals Comparative analysis of visual analog scales for assessing acute pain in women after radical mastectomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
Valery V. Yaskevich ◽  
Alexey V. Marochkov
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Radical Mastectomy ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Visual Analog Scales ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Discrete Scale

BACKGROUND: Effective quantitative assessment of acute pain as an urgent problem in clinical medicine. One of the solutions to this problem is a color discrete scale (CDS). AIM: To determine the efficacy of the clinical usage of color discrete scale compared with linear visual analog scale to assess acute pain in women after radical mastectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study includes a prospective, observational, and non-randomized clinical trial. A total of 110 females who underwent radical mastectomy (RM) were interviewed. We used a 100-point linear visual analog scale (lVAS) and CDS with monotonic (mCDS) and random (rCDS) color arrangement. Pain was assessed 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after surgery. RESULTS: Pain scores obtained 2 h after RM were 6 (0; 30), 12 (0; 24), 8 (0; 20) points according to IVAS, mCDS, and rCDS, respectively (p 0.05). Furthermore, the pain scores were gradually reduced on all three scales and had no statistically significant difference (p 0.05). In women who underwent paravertebral blockade (PVB), pain scores were significantly less at 2, 6, 12, and 48 h after surgery (p 0.05). Spearmans correlation coefficient for lVAS and mCDS is 0.90, 0.86 for lVAS and rCDS, and 0.90 for mCDS and rCDS (all p 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The CDS is an alternative, independent, and sufficient tool for quantifying pain. A strong correlation was found between the pain assessments according to CDS and lVAS. PVB significantly improves the quality of pain relief after RM.

scholarly journals Impact of Pharmacotherapy to decrease Interleukin-6 in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyp

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Lina Marlina ◽  
Sinta Sari Ratunanda ◽  
Teti Madiadipoera
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Prick Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sinonasal Outcome Test ◽  
Snot 22

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammation of the nasal and paranasal sinuses mucosa, ongoing for more than 12 weeks. Even now it still creates socioeconomic problem in both developed and developing countries. Pharmacotherapy administration is essential for decreasing the severity of symptom, improving quality of life, and decreasing interleukin (IL)-6 level. Objective: To find out the effect of pharmacotherapy on severity of the symptom, quality of life, and IL-6 level. Method: Randomized clinical trial with pre and posttest design, on 20 CRS without polyp patients, divided into two groups based on skin prick test results. Both groups were equally treated with nasal irrigation, nasal corticosteroid, and antibiotic amoxicillin clavulanate for 14 days. All subjects were assessed for Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, nasoendoscopy (NE) score, Sinonasal Outcome test (SNOT)-22, and IL-6 level. Statistical analysis was performed with Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon methods. Result: There were significant differences in total analysis results on VAS scores, NE scores, SNOT-22, and IL-6 levels in both groups, with values p<0.05. There was improvement in all variables after pharmacotherapy, but there was no significant difference between the case and control groups, with values p>0.05. Conclusion: Pharmacotherapy in both groups resulte’ in reduced severity of symptoms, improved quality of lives, and decreased IL-6 levels.Keywords: Interleukin-6, pharmacotherapy, chronic rhinosinusitis without polyp, quality of life ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Rinosinusitis kronik (RSK) merupakan inflamasi pada mukosa hidung dan sinus paranasal, yang berlangsung selama lebih dari 12 minggu. Hingga saat ini masih memengaruhi sosioekonomi di negara maju maupun negara berkembang. Pemberian farmakoterapi sangat penting untuk memperbaiki derajat gejala, meningkatkan kualitas hidup, dan menurunkan kadar interleukin (IL)-6. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian farmakoterapi terhadap perbaikan derajat gejala, peningkatan kualitas hidup, dan penurunan kadar IL-6. Metode: Penelitian kuasi eksperimental, label terbuka pra dan pascaterapi, pada 20 penderita RSK tanpa polip, dibagi dua kelompok berdasarkan hasil uji tusuk kulit. Perlakuan pada kedua kelompok sama, diberikan irigasi hidung, kortikosteroid intranasal, dan antibiotik amoksisilin klavulanat selama 14 hari. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menilai skor Visual Analog Scale (VAS) gejala hidung, skor nasoendoskopi (NE), Sinonasal Outcome test (SNOT)-22, dan kadar IL-6. Analisis statistik menggunakan metode Mann Whitney dan Wilcoxon. Hasil: Didapati perbedaan bermakna pada hasil analisis total pada skor VAS gejala hidung, skor NE, SNOT-22, dan kadar IL-6 pada kedua kelompok dengan nilai p<0,05. Didapati perbaikan pada semua variabel setelah 14 hari pemberian medikamentosa maksimal, namun tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kedua kelompok dengan nilai p>0,05. Kesimpulan: Pemberian farmakoterapi pada kedua kelompok memberikan hasil berupa perbaikan derajat gejala, peningkatan kualitas hidup, dan penurunan kadar IL-6.

An Audit of Pain Control Pathways following Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 248-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Espeed Khoshbin ◽  
Ali N. Al-Jilaihawi ◽  
Nicholas B. Scott ◽  
Dhruva Prakash ◽  
Alan J. B. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
Thoracoscopic Surgery ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Audit Commission ◽  
Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery ◽  
Daily Pain

Objective To compare different modes of pain management following video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) to our national standard. Methods This is an audit based on patient's experiences. One hundred consecutive patients who underwent VATS with or without pleurodesis were managed by one of the following pain relief pathways: (A) thoracic paravertebral block + morphine patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), (B) percutaneous thoracic paravertebral catheter +/– morphine PCA, (C) thoracic epidural +/– morphine PCA, (D) morphine PCA alone, and (E) intravenous or subcutaneous morphine as required. Pain score was documented up to four times per day for each patient. The incidence of severe pain was defined as visual analog scale ≥7. The results were compared with the standard set by the audit commission for postoperative pain relief in the UK. The mean daily pain scores were calculated retrospectively for all patients. Results There were no statistically significant differences in mean daily pain scores irrespective of having a pleurodesis. The percentage of patients experiencing severe pain was 34% [mean visual analog scale = 8 (standard deviation = 1.0)]. This was almost seven times the standard. Among these pathways, B had the least percentage incidence of severe pain (16.7%) followed by A (25.0%) D (33.3%), C (35.7%), and E (52.4%). Conclusions We are not compliant with the standards set by the audit commission. Pain management in theater recovery needs to be targeted. In the light of these results, we recommend the use of percutaneous thoracic paravertebral catheter +/– morphine PCA for postoperative VATS pain relief.

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance arthrography of the shoulder: a painful procedure?

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo César Xavier do Nascimento ◽  
André Maltez Amaral ◽  
João Ricardo Maltez de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Arthrography ◽  
Matched Pairs ◽  
Painful Procedure ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Modified Technique ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Visual Analog Scales ◽  
Categorical Scale

Abstract Objective: To compare the pain expected to that effectively caused by magnetic resonance arthrography of the shoulder and, secondarily, to describe a simplified approach to the technique for articular access. Materials and Methods: We prospectively evaluated 40 participants who used a visual analog scale and a simplified categorical scale to indicate the level of pain expected and that experienced after the procedure, comparing the two with the Wilcoxon matched-pairs test. We also determined gender-related differences in pain conditions using the Mann-Whitney U test. In addition, we described a modified technique involving radiographic localization and the use of standard puncture needles for articular access. Results: Analysis of the visual analog scales showed that the pain experienced was less than had been expected, with median scores of 1.75 and 3.75, respectively (p < 0.001). The level of pain expected was higher among women than among men, with median scores of 8.0 and 3.0, respectively (p = 0.014), as was the level of pain experienced, with median scores of 3.0 and 1.5, respectively (p = 0.139). The overall categorical evaluation corroborated that difference (p = 0.03). Articular access with the modified technique was successful in all patients. Conclusion: Magnetic resonance arthrography of the shoulder is less painful than patients expect. In addition, digital radiographic guidance combined with the use of standard puncture needles appears to improve the efficiency of the method.

scholarly journals The effect of local ketamine infiltration on post tonsillectomy pain scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Ade Asyari ◽  
Novialdi Novialdi ◽  
Elniza Morina ◽  
Rimelda Aquinas ◽  
Nasman Puar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Local Infiltration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Test Control

Background: Post tonsillectomy pain is one of the surgery side effects that most disturbing for patient’s comfort and will cause dysphagia, low intake, dehydration, secondary infection and bleeding. Ketamine is an anesthetic drug that has strong analgesic effect and easily available in any hospital at relatively cheap price. Objective: To find out the effect of local ketamine infiltration on the post tonsillectomy pain scale. Method: An experimental study during tonsillectomy with a Post Test Control Group on 12 samples without local infiltration of ketamine and 12 samples with local infiltration of ketamine in peritonsillar pillar. The pain was assessed 2 hours and 24 hours post extubation with pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Result: The VAS value from patients who were given local infiltration of ketamine in peritonsillar pillar were lower (5.83 ± 0.72 at 2 hours and 2.83 ± 0.58 at 24 hours post extubation) compared to patients without ketamine infiltration (7.83 ± 0.58 at 2 hours and 3.58 ± 0.51 at 24 hours post extubation). The result showed statistically significant difference (p <0.05) at 2 hours and 24 hours post extubation. Conclusion: The VAS score of the ketamine infiltration group is lower at 2 hours and 24 hours post extubation than the group without ketamine infiltration, showing there was a noticeable effect of local ketamine infiltration on the post tonsillectomy pain scale.Keywords : post tonsillectomy pain, ketamine, local infiltration, visual analog scale ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Nyeri pascatonsilektomi adalah salah satu efek samping operasi yang sangat mengganggu kenyamanan pasien, dan dapat menyebabkan gangguan menelan, kurangnya asupan nutrisi, dehidrasi, infeksi sekunder dan perdarahan. Ketamin merupakan obat anestesi yang memiliki efek analgetik yang kuat dan mudah didapatkan di semua tipe rumah sakit dengan harga yang relatif murah. Tujuan: Mengetahui efek pemberian infiltrasi lokal ketamin terhadap skala nyeri pascatonsilektomi. Metode: Penelitian eksperimental dengan desain Post Test Control Group pada 12 sampel tanpa pemberian infiltrasi lokal ketamin dan 12 sampel dengan pemberian infiltrasi lokal ketamin di pilar peritonsil saat tonsilektomi. Dilakukan penilaian nyeri 2 jam dan 24 jam pascaekstubasi menggunakan skala nyeri Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Hasil: Nilai VAS pasien yang diberi infiltrasi lokal ketamin di pilar peritonsil lebih rendah (5,83±0,72 pada 2 jam dan 2,83 ± 0,58 pada 24 jam pascaekstubasi) dibanding tanpa diberi infiltrasi lokal ketamine (7,83 ± 0,58 pada 2 jam dan 3,58± 0,51 pada 24 jam pascaekstubasi), dan bermakna secara statistik (p<0,05) pada kedua penilaian. Kesimpulan: Terdapat efek nyata infiltrasi lokal ketamin terhadap skala nyeri pascatonsilektomi, dimana nilai VAS kelompok yang diberi infiltrasi ketamin lebih rendah, baik pada 2 jam ataupun 24 jam pascaekstubasi dibanding kelompok yang tidak diberi infiltrasi ketamin.

scholarly journals A comparison of pain registration by Visual Analog Scale and Numeric Rating Scale – a cross-sectional study of primary triage registration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jofrid Kollltveit ◽  
Malin Osaland ◽  
Marianne Reimers ◽  
Magnus Berle
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Emergency Admission ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Numeric Rating

BackgroundPain is a subjective sensation; self-reporting is important for quantifying pain intensity. There are several different validated tools for this, such as Visual Analog Scale and Numeric Rating Scale. In the clinic, these terms are often used as equivalent. The objective of this study was to examine correlation and agreement between the pain registration tools in triage in an emergency department.Materials and MethodsThe study was performed in the Department of Emergency Medicine at Haukeland University Hospital in the period June-August 2019. We registered the pain score with two tools in 200 unselected patients in emergency admission with pain. In addition, we registrered gender, age, triage and general department affiliation.ResultsWe found a strong correlation between the pain registration tools by Spearmans correlation test (rho=0,930, p<0,001). There were no significant difference between the pain registration tools within the subgroups. Bland-Altman analysis show agreement between the two pain registration tools.ConclusionsIn an Emergency Department triage is it acceptable to use Visual Analog Scale and Numeric Rating Scale as equivalent, as long as the correct terminology is used.

The Effect of Dry Needling on Pain, Range of Motion of Ankle Joint, and Ultrasonographic Changes of Plantar Fascia in Patients With Plantar Fasciitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Afsaneh Moosaei Saein ◽  
Ziaeddin Safavi-Farokhi ◽  
Atefeh Aminianfar ◽  
Marzieh Mortezanejad
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Plantar Fascia ◽  
Trigger Points ◽  
Dry Needling ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Significant Difference

Context: Plantar fasciitis (PF) is a common and devastating disease. Despite different treatments, there is no clear evidence for the effect of these treatments on PF. One of the therapy methods used in physiotherapy is dry needling (DN). So the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of DN on the pain and range of motion of the ankle joint and plantar fascia thickness in subjects with PF who are suffering from the trigger points of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Methods: In this study, 20 volunteer females with PF were randomly assigned into DN treatment and control groups. Measurements were range of motion in dorsiflexion and plantar flexion, plantar fascia thickness, and visual analog scale measured before, immediately, and 1 month after the end of the intervention in both groups. Results: There were significant differences in the plantar fascia thickness and visual analog scale between the 2 groups. Plantar fascia thickness (P = .016) and visual analog scale (P = .03) significantly decreased in the treatment group. However, there was no significant difference in plantar flexion (P = .582) and dorsiflexion range of motion (P = .173) between groups. Conclusion: The result of this study showed that DN can reduce pain and plantar fascia thickness in women with PF who are suffering from trigger points of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Level of evidence: Level 1, randomized controlled trial.

scholarly journals Is quality of life after mastectomy comparable to that after breast conservation surgery? A 5-year follow up study from Mumbai, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-692
Author(s):  
K. V. Deepa ◽  
A. Gadgil ◽  
Jenny Löfgren ◽  
S. Mehare ◽  
Prashant Bhandarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Breast Conservation ◽  
Radical Mastectomy ◽  
Breast Conservation Surgery ◽  
Breast Cancer Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Domain Scores

Abstract Purpose Breast cancer is the commonest cancer in women worldwide. Surgery is a central part of the treatment. Modified radical mastectomy (MRM) is often replaced by breast conserving therapy (BCT) in high-income countries. MRM is still the standard choice, in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) as radiotherapy, a mandatory component of BCT is not widely available. It is important to understand whether quality of life (QOL) after MRM is comparable to that after BCT. This has not been studied well in LMICs. We present, 5-year follow-up of QOL scores in breast cancer patients from India. Methods We interviewed women undergoing breast cancer surgery preoperatively, at 6 months after surgery, and at 1 year and 5 years, postoperatively. QOL scores were evaluated using FACT B questionnaire. Average QOL scores of women undergoing BCT were compared with those undergoing MRM. Total scores, domain scores and trends of scores over time were analyzed. Results We interviewed 54 women with a mean age of 53 years (SD 9 ± years). QOL scores in all the women, dipped during the treatment period, in all subscales but improved thereafter and even surpassed the baseline in physical, emotional and breast-specific domains (p < 0.05) at 5 years. At the end of 5 years, there was no statistically significant difference between the MRM and BCT groups in any of the total or domain scores. Conclusion QOL scores in Indian women did not differ significantly between MRM and BCT in the long term. Both options are acceptable in the study setting.

scholarly journals DISCORDANCE IN GOALS OF CARE BETWEEN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED CANCER AND THEIR CAREGIVERS: DOES AGE PLAY A ROLE?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S54-S54
Author(s):  
Amy R Lipson ◽  
Sara Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Treatment Decisions ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Goals Of Care ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Cancer is considered a family disease as the caregivers (CG’s) role extends beyond providing care as they can also help facilitate treatment decisions. While much has been reported in the literature about patient (PT) goals of care (GoC), little is known about discordance between PT and CG GoC and the impact of PT age. The variables of interest were PT and CG identified GoC using a 100-point visual analog scale (VAS) with anchors of quality of life (0) and survival (100). Discordance was defined as a &gt; 40 point difference on the VAS. The GoC data reported here were those obtained at enrollment and prior to subject’s death. A sample of 235 PTs and CGs of PTs diagnosed with advanced cancers were included in the study. Mean age for the PTs was 64.7 (SD=10.5, range =21-88) with 54% being &gt; 65. At enrollment, 28.7% of the PT-CG pairs of those PTs 65 years (X2 (1)=1.06, p=.304). At death, 61.8% (X2 (1)=31.04 &lt;.001, Φ=.49) with discord at enrollment had discord at death. For patients who were older, 66.7% who had discord at enrollment also had discord at death and for patients

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