Specific immunotherapy in the complex treatment of ovarian cancer

The article is devoted to the search for new solutions in the field of treatment of malignant ovarian tumors and, in particular, new approaches for overcoming immune resistance in a complex method of therapy. The experience of treating this pathology with an original method of postoperative immunotherapy using autologous immunomodulators, which, due to its simplicity and relatively low cost, should be widely used in gynecological oncology, is considered.

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The effect of prophylactic bilateral salpingectomy on ovarian reserve in patients who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy

Journal of Ovarian Research ◽

10.1186/s13048-021-00825-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shizhuo Wang ◽

Jiahui Gu

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Ovarian Reserve ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Laparoscopic Hysterectomy ◽

Ovarian Tumors ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Bilateral Salpingectomy ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Bilateral salpingectomy has been proposed to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer, but it is not clear whether the surgery affects ovarian reserve. This study compares the impact of laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign disease with or without prophylactic bilateral salpingectomy on ovarian reserve. Methods Records were reviewed for 373 premenopausal women who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy with ovarian reserve for benign uterine diseases. The serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), and three-dimensional antral follicle count (AFC) were assessed before surgery and 3 and 9 months postoperatively to evaluate ovarian reserve. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they underwent prophylactic bilateral salpingectomy. The incidence of pelvic diseases was monitored until the ninth month after surgery. Results There was no significant difference between the two surgery groups in terms of baseline AMH, E2, FSH, LH, and AFC (all P > 0.05). There was no difference in potential bias factors, including patient age, operative time, and blood loss (all P > 0.05). There was also no significant difference between the two groups 3 months after surgery with respect to AMH (P = 0.763), E2 (P = 0.264), FSH (P = 0.478), LH (P = 0.07), and AFC (P = 0.061). Similarly, there were no differences between groups 9 months after surgery for AMH (P = 0.939), E2 (P = 0.137), FSH (P = 0.276), LH (P = 0.07) and AFC (P = 0.066). At 9 months after the operation, no patients had malignant ovarian tumors. The incidences of benign ovarian tumors in the salpingectomy group were 0 and 2.68 % at 3 and 9 months after surgery, respectively, and the corresponding values in the control group were 0 and 5.36 %. The incidences of pelvic inflammatory disease in the salpingectomy group were 10.72 and 8.04 % at 3 and 9 months after surgery, respectively, while corresponding values in the control group were 24.13 and 16.09 %. Conclusions Prophylactic bilateral salpingectomy did not damage the ovarian reserve of reproductive-age women who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy. Prophylactic bilateral salpingectomy might be a good method to prevent the development of ovarian cancer. Larger clinical trials with longer follow-up times are needed to further evaluate the risks and benefits.

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The forkhead box L2 transcription factor (FOXL2) is differentially expressed in high-grade serous ovarian cancers.

10.31219/osf.io/8nt6v ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Gynecologic Cancer ◽

Ovarian Tumors ◽

High Grade ◽

Normal Ovary ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Forkhead Box ◽

Ovarian Cancers

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic cancer (1). We sought to identify genes associated with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) by comparing global gene expression profiles of normal ovary with that of primary tumors from women diagnosed with HGSC using published microarray data (2, 3). We identified the forkhead box L2, (FOXL2) (4) as among the genes whose expression was most different in HGSC ovarian tumors. FOXL2 expression was significantly lower in ovarian tumors relative to normal ovary. FOXL2 has established roles in ovarian development (4, 5), and the FOXL2 gene is mutated in granulosa-cell tumors of the ovary (6). These data indicate FOXL2 might also be perturbed, at the level of gene expression, in high-grade serous ovarian cancers.

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Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor VEGF and Interlukin-8 As a Novel Biomarkers For Early Detection of Ovarian Tumors

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.12.2.293-300 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 293-300

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Ovarian Tumors ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Additional Tool ◽

Novel Biomarkers ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths from gynecological malignancies. Angiogenesis is considered essential for tumor growth and the development of metastases. VEGF and IL?8 are potent angiostimulatory molecules and their expression has been demonstrated in many solid tumors, including ovarian cancer.VEGF and IL-8 concentrations were measured by ELISA test (HumanVEGF,IL-8). Bioassay ELISA/ US Biological / USA).The median VEGF and IL-8 levels were significantly higher in the sera of ovarian cancer patients than in those with benign tumors and in healthy controls.Pretreatment VEGF and IL-8 serum levels might be regarded as an additional tool in the differentiation of ovarian tumors.

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Oxidative Phosphorylation: A Target for Novel Therapeutic Strategies Against Ovarian Cancer

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers10090337 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 337 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Amruta Nayak ◽

Arvinder Kapur ◽

Lisa Barroilhet ◽

Manish Patankar

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽

Aerobic Glycolysis ◽

Ovarian Tumors ◽

Metabolic Adaptation ◽

Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells ◽

Critical Control Points ◽

Energy Needs ◽

Oxidative Phosphorylation Pathway ◽

Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Aerobic glycolysis is an important metabolic adaptation of cancer cells. There is growing evidence that oxidative phosphorylation is also an active metabolic pathway in many tumors, including in high grade serous ovarian cancer. Metastasized ovarian tumors use fatty acids for their energy needs. There is also evidence of ovarian cancer stem cells privileging oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for their metabolic needs. Metformin and thiazolidinediones such as rosiglitazone restrict tumor growth by inhibiting specific steps in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. These observations suggest that strategies to interfere with oxidative phosphorylation should be considered for the treatment of ovarian tumors. Here, we review the literature that supports this hypothesis and describe potential agents and critical control points in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway that can be targeted using small molecule agents. In this review, we also discuss potential barriers that can reduce the efficacy of the inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation.

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Expression of Catechol O methyl transferase (COMT) with the contrasting effects of 17β estradiol (E2): Implications for the mechanism of estrogen-induced ovarian carcinogenesis.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-44932/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nour Mohamed El-Etreby ◽

Eman Medhat Osman ◽

Nehal Abd El Latif El Badawy ◽

Hoda Abd El Hamid Nour

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Ovarian Tumors ◽

Tissue Homogenate ◽

Ovarian Cancer Risk ◽

Comt Inhibition ◽

Methyl Transferase ◽

Estrogen Exposure ◽

Ovarian Carcinogenesis

Abstract Background Epidemiological data show that induction of ovarian cancer is related to estrogen exposure and metabolism. In addition catechol metabolites of estrogen also contribute to carcinogenesis. O methylation by Catechol O methyl transferase (COMT) is a phase II metabolic inactivation pathway for catechol estrogens. The goal of the present study was to investigate the role of COMT level in ovarian carcinogenesis with the contrasting effects of 17 β estradiol level. Subjects and methods Our study was conducted on 80 subjects divided into 30 patients with malignant ovarian tumors ,30 patients with benign ovarian tumors and 20 healthy controls. Tissue and serum levels of COMT and 17 17 β estradiol were determined using ELISA Results According to our results COMT inhibition in the malignant group was detected as high as 7.1 pmol/L E2 in serum and 15.6 pmol/L E2 in tissue homogenate. This inhibition was absent in the benign group as high as 7.53 pmol/L E2 in serum and as high as 14.9 pmol/L E2 in tissue homogenates. Conclusions Our results provide evidence for the protective effect of COMT in benign ovaries against neoplastic transformation. This supports the notion that targeting the metabolism of estrogen can be an another way to reduce ovarian cancer risk.

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Metagenomic Analysis of Serum Microbe-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Diagnostic Models to Differentiate Ovarian Cancer and Benign Ovarian Tumor

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers12051309 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1309 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Se Ik Kim ◽

Nayeon Kang ◽

Sangseob Leem ◽

Jinho Yang ◽

HyunA Jo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Ovarian Tumor ◽

Ovarian Tumors ◽

Metagenomic Analysis ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Benign Ovarian Tumor ◽

Diagnostic Models ◽

Test Sets ◽

Benign Ovarian Tumors

We aimed to develop a diagnostic model identifying ovarian cancer (OC) from benign ovarian tumors using metagenomic data from serum microbe-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). We obtained serum samples from 166 patients with pathologically confirmed OC and 76 patients with benign ovarian tumors. For model construction and validation, samples were randomly divided into training and test sets in the ratio 2:1. Isolation of microbial EVs from serum samples of the patients and 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing were carried out. Metagenomic and clinicopathologic data-based OC diagnostic models were constructed in the training set and then validated in the test set. There were significant differences in the metagenomic profiles between the OC and benign ovarian tumor groups; specifically, genus Acinetobacter was significantly more abundant in the OC group. More importantly, Acinetobacter was the only common genus identified by seven different statistical analysis methods. Among the various metagenomic and clinicopathologic data-based OC diagnostic models, the model consisting of age, serum CA-125 levels, and relative abundance of Acinetobacter showed the best diagnostic performance with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.898 and 0.846 in the training and test sets, respectively. Thus, our findings establish a metagenomic analysis of serum microbe-derived EVs as a potential tool for the diagnosis of OC.

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Resection Guided by Antibodies (REGAJ) a Reappraisal after 10 Years

The International Journal of Biological Markers ◽

10.1177/172460089801300409 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 221-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W. Jäger ◽

S. Ackermann

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Monoclonal Antibody ◽

Retrospective Analysis ◽

Ovarian Tumors ◽

Murine Monoclonal Antibody ◽

Ca 125 ◽

Clinical Value ◽

Second Look

Between 1986 and 1990 50 patients with ovarian cancer were submitted to a procedure which we called REGAJ - resection guided by antibodies. Using the radiolabeled murine monoclonal antibody OC 125, microscopic ovarian tumors producing CA 125 were detected during second-look surgery by a hand-held probe. Retrospective analysis after 10 years revealed that this procedure resulted in the cure of 4 of 11 patients, who would otherwise have been considered tumor free during second-look surgery and not further treated. Previous problems associated with the method can now be solved so that the clinical value of the procedure should be reconsidered.

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Risk of epithelial ovarian cancer among women with benign ovarian tumors: a follow-up study

Cancer Causes & Control ◽

10.1007/s10552-019-01245-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 25-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sonia Guleria ◽

Allan Jensen ◽

Anita Toender ◽

Susanne K. Kjaer

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽

Ovarian Tumors ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Benign Ovarian Tumors

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Estrogen Receptor-β Expression of Ovarian Tumors and Its Association with Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors

Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention ◽

10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0618 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (11) ◽

pp. 2211-2219

Author(s):

Amy L. Shafrir ◽

Ana Babic ◽

Margaret Gates Kuliszewski ◽

Megan S. Rice ◽

Mary K. Townsend ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Estrogen Receptor ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Ovarian Tumors ◽

Estrogen Receptor Β ◽

Ovarian Cancer Risk ◽

Cancer Risk Factors

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Surface epithelial tumors of ovary - an analysis in a tertiary referral hospital

Journal of Pathology of Nepal ◽

10.3126/jpn.v3i5.7868 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 397-402 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D Ghartimagar ◽

A Ghosh ◽

G KC ◽

S Ranabhat ◽

OP Talwar

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Data Bank ◽

Serous Cystadenoma ◽

Ovarian Tumors ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Tertiary Referral ◽

Tertiary Referral Hospital ◽

Tertiary Referral Centre ◽

Epithelial Tumors

Background: Ovarian cancer accounts for 3% of all cancers in females. About 80% of these are benign, and they occur mostly in young women between 20 and 45 years. Borderline tumors occur at slightly older ages while incidence of malignant tumors increases with age, occurring predominantly in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. About 190,000 new cases and 114,000 deaths from ovarian cancer are estimated to occur annually worldwide. The aim of the study was to fi nd the incidence of surface ovarian tumor in a tertiary referral centre. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study carried out in the department of pathology, Manipal Teaching Hospital from January 2001 to December 2012. Specimens were received from the same and other hospitals. Records were retrieved from the departmental data bank and were analyzed. Results: : A total of 310 cases of ovarian tumors have been reported in the same period. Among them, 180 cases were of surface epithelial origin and out of which 24 cases had bilateral tumors. Benign tumors comprised of 148 cases, 6 were borderline and 44 were malignant. Among these, the commonest was serous cystadenoma (98 cases) and the least common was malignant Brenner (2 cases). Combined or mixed tumor was seen in 9 cases. Conclusion: : In our study surface epithelial tumors comprised 58% of all ovarian tumors. In both benign and malignant cases, serous tumor was the commonest followed by mucinous tumors. Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2013) Vol. 3, No.1, Issue 5, 397-402 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v3i5.7868

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