scholarly journals Civil Liability for Damage Caused by a Physical Defect of an Autonomous Car in Polish Law

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Jolanta Loranc-Borkowska

<p>The issue of liability for damage caused by the movement of a defective autonomous car is multi-faceted and multi-problem. The purpose of the article is to investigate the issue of liability for damage caused by a physical defect in an autonomous car in the Polish civil law system and determining whether the currently existing civil law regulations are sufficient for effective protection of victims. The paper begins with a definition of an autonomous car – that is a vehicle enabled with technology which has the capability of operating without the active control or monitoring of a natural person. Next, the levels of automation (from 0 to 5) are presented. The following describes the concept of a physical defect. The next part is an analysis of the theories that can be applied to the problem of autonomous vehicles, along with an assessment of the effects of their use. Finally, conclusions from the analysis of the title issue are included.</p>

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Made Hendra Wijaya

Judge’s an instrument of justice that are at the forefront in enforce the justice in society, but sometime the judge’s decision does not represent justice in society, because the judge’s in conducting the trial should follow existing the systems. Just as judge’s as adherent of the civil law system. In this paper describes the civil law system, started from Roman era, German, Francis, as well as elements of a definition of the civil law systems, and then discusses the judges in the civil law system, and discuss any weaknesses civil law2 judges in terms of implementing the trial in finding justice in society.


1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Isa A. Huneidi

1958 ◽  
Vol 106 (8) ◽  
pp. 1180
Author(s):  
George W. Stumberg ◽  
Arthur T. von Mehren

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Shaik Mohd Noor Alam S.M. Hussain

Malaysia dan Indonesia memiliki persamaan dan perbedaan dalam sistem hukum. Keduanegara mengenal Hukum Islam dan Hukum Adat. Namun berkenaan dengan hukum Baratmaka Malaysia menganut "Common Law System ", sedangkan Indonesia negeri yangdimasukkan dalam "Civil Law System ". Karangan berikut ini mencoba memperbandingkansahnya suatu perjanjian menurut hukum "Common Law" Malaysia dan "Civil Law" Indonesia. Terlihat adanya perbedaan dalam unsur-unsur yang harus dipenuhi untuk sahnya suatu perjanjian di kedua negara tersebut.


Author(s):  
Richard Frimston ◽  
Chanien Engelbertink ◽  
Anneke Vrenegoor

The Netherlands is a unified kingdom and member state of the EU, with a civil law system. The court of first instance is either the District Court (Rechtbank) or the Sub- District Court (Kantonrechter—‘KR’). KR is part of the District Court.


Author(s):  
Richard Frimston ◽  
Maria de los Reyes S�nchez Moreno ◽  
Juan Delgado Galindo

Spain has a civil law system, is a member of the EU and is also multi-jurisdictional. Some regions (Cataluña, Aragón, Navarra) have specific laws affecting the protection of adults. Matters not covered by those laws and regions without specific laws are subject to the Spanish Civil Code (‘CC’).


Author(s):  
Alex Ruck Keene ◽  
QC Alison Scott Butler

Canada is a federation composed of ten provinces, including Nova Scotia (‘NS’), and three territories. The common law applies in Canada, with the exception of the province of Quebec, which uses a civil law system. There is a federal government; as a province, NS also exercises constitutional powers in its own right. Federal legislation includes provisions relating to adults within the scope of this work. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms also guarantees certain political rights to Canadians and civil rights to everyone in Canada, and contains rights that impact upon capacity law.


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