Study on Agricultural Product-coupled Subsidy Policy Considering Output Uncertainty and the Development of Tobacco Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 5210-5219
Author(s):  
Xu Lei
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Subsidy Policy ◽  
Incentive Effect ◽  
Optimal Output ◽  
Incentive Effects ◽  
Output Uncertainty ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Implementation Scheme ◽  
Better Than

Objectives: The health and well-ordered development of tobacco agriculture is very important. The incentive effects of plant-coupled subsidies and output-coupled subsidies on farming decisions with the consideration of uncertainty are investigated. The study shows that if the same unit subsidy is adopted, the incentive effect of the two policies will be determined by the expected output. When the expected output is higher, the incentive effect of the output-coupled subsidy is better than that of the plant-coupled subsidy. And when the expected output is lower, the incentive effect of the plant-coupled subsidy is better. If the implementation scheme limits the total amount of subsidies, it is better to determine subsidy policy by optimal output. The higher the optimal output is, the better the plant-coupled subsidy is. And when the optimal output is relatively low, the output-coupled subsidy shows a better incentive effect. Meanwhile, the study results also show that the incentive effects of the two coupled subsidy policies for increasing production and income are consistent, and the advantages of the policy with better incentive effects increase as the amount of subsidies increases.

scholarly journals How Does Suppliers’ Fairness Affect the Relationship Quality of Agricultural Product Supply Chains?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuling Sun ◽  
Zehua Liu ◽  
Hui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Procedural Fairness ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Fairness Perception ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Distributive Fairness ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Although many studies have suggested that the relationship between different supply chain members significantly affects agricultural product quality, suppliers’ perceptions of fairness, which greatly influence their decisions on building the relationship quality, are often overlooked. Particularly, the empirical evidence to investigate the impacts of suppliers’ fairness on the relationship quality and the factors that affect the suppliers’ fairness is missing, and therefore this knowledge gap needs to be filled by new research. Herein, we conducted a survey of 450 agricultural product suppliers and systemically analyzed the impact of antecedents on fairness perception and the impact of fairness perception on relationship quality. In addition, we developed a structural equation model and found that information sharing and price satisfaction had significantly positive effects on procedural fairness and distributive fairness, respectively. Furthermore, our studies demonstrated that procedural fairness is more important in improving the relationship quality than distributive fairness. However, supplier dependence is another important impact factor, and it greatly decreases the positive effects of suppliers’ fairness on relationship quality. In summary, the study results provide several managerial implications and extend our understanding of the importance of suppliers’ fairness in the relationship quality, which involves product development with respect to the supplier’s performance.

The Study on Color Quality Attributes of IMR with PET on White Ink by UV Inkjet

2014 ◽  
Vol 1004-1005 ◽  
pp. 799-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Lang Chen ◽  
Yu Tung Chang ◽  
Sheng Hao Taso ◽  
Weichieh Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Inkjet Printing ◽  
Screen Printing ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Gravure Printing ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Color Quality ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
Pet Film ◽  
Better Than

The In-Mold Roller is a revolutionary printing process by which objects are 3D decorated. Products decorated by In-Mold Roller are waterproof and protected from fading. What’s more, these kinds of decorations strongly increase the beauty, desirability and value of the objects. The In-Mold Roller is now using either of gravure printing and screen printing to print PET film. However, there are some problems with these two techniques. This research is to investigate potential usages of combining In-Mold Roller with digital UV inkjet printing in 3D decoration, e.g. in personalized printing services. Study results found that when the coverage and the resolution of inkjet printing become higher, the SIDs will become higher as well. When transferred to ABS, SIDs in each combination will increase. Each combination of inkjet conditions, with the isolation of white ink, color differences are less variant. TVIs of white ink decrease 30% to 40% halftone and display in “M” type. In print contrast, C and K colors of each combination are better than M and Y colors. After transferred into print contrast, each combination of PC will be higher about 2 to5. When transferred to ABS, color variances of each combination are not huge, and color differences are about 3to5.

scholarly journals Differences in the Motor Coordination Abilities Among Adolescent Gymnasts, Swimmers, and Ice Hockey Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Jaakkola ◽  
Anthony Watt ◽  
Sami Kalaja
Keyword(s):  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Better Than

AbstractPurpose. Motor coordination is proposed to be a relatively stable age-related construct, unlikely to be influenced by aligned experiential factors such as intensive sport-specific training. The purpose of the study is to investigate if there are differences in motor coordination abilities among young artistic gymnasts, swimmers, and ice hockey players.Methods. The participants of the study were 508 female and 258 male adolescents (age, M = 12.80, SD = 1.10) comprising artistic gymnasts (n = 463), swimmers (n = 70), and ice hockey players (n = 233). The KTK-test protocol was used to analyse their gross motor coordination abilities.Results. The results of the study demonstrated that gymnasts scored better than ice hockey players and swimmers in the test of walking backwards along a beam, and better than ice hockey players in total motor coordination, hopping over an obstacle, and the test of moving sideways on wooden boards. However, ice hockey players scored higher than swimmers and gymnasts in the test of jumping from side to side. Subsequently, swimmers obtained better results in the test of moving sideways on wooden boards as compared with ice hockey players.Conclusions. The study results indicate that intensive sport-specific training may extend young athletes′ motor coordination characteristics in the ability areas representative of the sport in which they engage.

scholarly journals Bayesian Uncertainty Estimation for Gaussian Graphical Models and Centrality Indices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joran Jongerling ◽  
Sacha Epskamp ◽  
Donald Ray Williams
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Estimation ◽  
Graphical Models ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Centrality Measures ◽  
Gaussian Graphical Models ◽  
Graphical Lasso ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
Good Coverage ◽  
Better Than

Gaussian Graphical Models (GGMs) are often estimated using regularized estimation and the graphical LASSO (GLASSO). However, the GLASSO has difficulty estimating(uncertainty in) centrality indices of nodes. Regularized Bayesian estimation might provide a solution, as it is better suited to deal with bias in the sampling distribution ofcentrality indices. This study therefore compares estimation of GGMs with a Bayesian GLASSO- and a Horseshoe prior to estimation using the frequentist GLASSO in an extensive simulation study. Results showed that out of the two Bayesian estimation methods, the Bayesian GLASSO performed best. In addition, the Bayesian GLASSOperformed better than the frequentist GLASSO with respect to bias in edge weights, centrality measures, correlation between estimated and true partial correlations, andspecificity. With respect to sensitivity the frequentist GLASSO performs better.However, sensitivity of the Bayesian GLASSO is close to that of the frequentist GLASSO (except for the smallest N used in the simulations) and tends to be favored over the frequentist GLASSO in terms of F1. With respect to uncertainty in the centrality measures, the Bayesian GLASSO shows good coverage for strength andcloseness centrality. Uncertainty in betweenness centrality is estimated less well, and typically overestimated by the Bayesian GLASSO.

scholarly journals Comparison of retention of two proximal sealants in mandibular first molars of 12-year-old school children - A split-mouth randomized trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Brinda Bhavani Sankar ◽  
Madan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Trial ◽  
School Children ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
United States Public Health ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Color Match ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Better Than

Aim: This study was done to assess and compare the retention properties of a proximal sealant made of polyurethane dimethacrylate and a resin-based adhesive system for sealing proximal surfaces of permanent mandibular first molars in 12-year-old children over a period of 6 months. Methodology: A split-mouth randomized trial was conducted among 50 school children. Pre-operative and post-operative bitewing radiographs were taken bilaterally prior at baseline and the end of the sixth month. Separators were placed for those children who did not have physiological spacing. The interventions were delivered on the left and right sides after randomization as per the manufacturer’s instructions, and post-operative instructions were given to the participants. The interventions were assessed for retention primarily and other criteria such as color match, marginal discoloration, marginal adaptation, anatomic form, caries formation (using bitewing radiographs), post-operative sensitivity, and surface roughness at the end of the 1st, 3rd, and 6 months using United States Public Health Service Modified Ryge Criteria for Direct Clinical Evaluation of Restorations proposed by Cvar and Ryge, 1980. The data were compiled, analyzed using SPSS and results were generated. Conclusions: The study results revealed that the resin-based adhesive system was better than the adhesive patch in terms of retention over a period of 6 months. Hence, the feasibility of including proximal sealants as a part of the preventive regimen for caries risk children should be positively considered.

scholarly journals Numerical simulation and experimental research of cavitation nozzle based on equation curve

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifu Wang ◽  
Dongyan Shi ◽  
Zhixun Yang ◽  
Guangliang Li ◽  
Chunlong Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Quadratic Equation ◽  
Outer Contour ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Fluent Software ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

Abstract To further investigate and improve the cleaning ability of the cavitation nozzle, this paper proposes a new model that is based on the Helmholtz nozzle and with the quadratic equation curve as the outer contour of the cavitation chamber. First, the numerical simulation of the flow field in the nozzle chamber was conducted using FLUENT software to analyze and compare the impact of the curve parameters and Reynolds number on the cleaning effect. Next, the flow field was captured by a high-speed camera in order to study the cavitation cycle and evolution process. Then, experiments were performed to compare the cleaning effect of the new nozzle with that of the Helmholtz nozzle. The study results demonstrate that effective cavitation does not occur when the diameter of the cavitation chamber is too large. For the new nozzle, with the increase of the Reynolds number, the degree of cavitation in the chamber first increases and then decreases; the cleaning effect is much better than that of a traditional Helmholtz nozzle under the same conditions; the nozzle has the best cleaning effect for the stand-off distance of 300 mm.

Direct-acting antivirals and interferon-based therapy on hepatocellular carcinoma risk in chronic hepatitis-C patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 675-686
Author(s):  
Longteng Ma ◽  
Jiluo Liu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Direct Acting Antiviral ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Direct Acting ◽  
Better Than

Aim: It was controversial whether direct-acting antiviral (DAA) is better than interferon-based therapy (IBT) in preventing HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, we accomplished this large, stepwise meta-analysis. Materials & methods: The PubMed, Cochrane and ScienceDirect were searched for studies published during January 2009–March 2019. Antiviral type, number of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients, number of HCC cases from CHC patients, sustained virological response (SVR) status and important covariate data were extracted from each study. Results & conclusion: It is demonstrated that antiviral treatment reduces the occurrence of HCC in patients with CHC; achieving SVR to antiviral treatment reduces HCC; DAA treatment is not better than IBT in the prophylaxis of HCC; DAA treatment and cirrhosis are independently associated with a higher incidence of HCC than IBT in middle-aged CHC patients who achieve SVR.

Acoustic Emission (AE) Forecasting Rock Burst Key Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 868 ◽  
pp. 314-318
Author(s):  
Guo Wei Dong
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Propagation Distance ◽  
Wave Guide ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Key Technology ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Actual Rock ◽  
Hole Bottom ◽  
Better Than

Acoustic emission (AE) technique is a trend of non-contact technique forecasting coal and rock dynamic disaster.Coal and rock AE propagation attenuation exponent function on different AE frequencies, different quality factors and different propagation distance are acquired by theory and numerical simulation and actual experiment; the effect of AE sensor installation manners on coal and rock surface , coal and rock bottom and wave guide are studied, the results show that the effect of AE sensor installation manner on wave guide is better than on coal and rock surface ,equivalent to installation manner on coal and rock hole bottom. Based on above study results, actual rock bursts are successfully forecasted.

scholarly journals Assessment of satellite rainfall products for streamflow simulation in medium watersheds of the Ethiopian highlands

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1147-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Bitew ◽  
M. Gebremichael
Keyword(s):  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Ethiopian Highlands ◽  
Watershed Area ◽  
Daily Streamflow ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Satellite Rainfall ◽  
Streamflow Simulation ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. The objective is to assess the suitability of commonly used high-resolution satellite rainfall products (CMORPH, TMPA 3B42RT, TMPA 3B42 and PERSIANN) as input to the semi-distributed hydrological model SWAT for daily streamflow simulation in two watersheds (Koga at 299 km2 and Gilgel Abay at 1656 km2) of the Ethiopian highlands. First, the model is calibrated for each watershed with respect to each rainfall product input for the period 2003–2004. Then daily streamflow simulations for the validation period 2006–2007 are made from SWAT using rainfall input from each source and corresponding model parameters; comparison of the simulations to the observed streamflow at the outlet of each watershed forms the basis for the conclusions of this study. Results reveal that the utility of satellite rainfall products as input to SWAT for daily streamflow simulation strongly depends on the product type. The 3B42RT and CMORPH simulations show consistent and modest skills in their simulations but underestimate the large flood peaks, while the 3B42 and PERSIANN simulations have inconsistent performance with poor or no skills. Not only are the microwave-based algorithms (3B42RT, CMORPH) better than the infrared-based algorithm (PERSIANN), but the infrared-based algorithm PERSIANN also has poor or no skills for streamflow simulations. The satellite-only product (3B42RT) performs much better than the satellite-gauge product (3B42), indicating that the algorithm used to incorporate rain gauge information with the goal of improving the accuracy of the satellite rainfall products is actually making the products worse, pointing to problems in the algorithm. The effect of watershed area on the suitability of satellite rainfall products for streamflow simulation also depends on the rainfall product. Increasing the watershed area from 299 km2 to 1656 km2 improves the simulations obtained from the 3B42RT and CMORPH (i.e. products that are more reliable and consistent) rainfall inputs while it deteriorates the simulations obtained from the 3B42 and PERSIANN (i.e. products that are unstable and inconsistent) rainfall inputs.

Integration of the Local Wisdom of Natural-Dyed Mud-Treated Silk in Thailand for Creative Economy

2013 ◽  
Vol 860-863 ◽  
pp. 2695-2699
Author(s):  
Suphalak Makhunton ◽  
Songkoon Chantachon ◽  
Phanat Phothibat
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
Silk Cloth ◽  
Recovery Capacity ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Light Color ◽  
Better Than

The present research compared minerals contained in mud from different sites. These were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy: AAS. It found the highest quantity is iron, zinc in second, lead in third, copper in fourth. The study results show that silk threads with and without mud treatment were not so different in color durability towards light, color durability towards scrubbing, and color durability towards washing. We also found that crease recovery capacity of mud-treated silk cloth was better than that of silk cloth without mud treatment. Hence, the mud treated silk is more suitable for the development of Thai garment.

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